湖南省株洲市荷塘区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（4）.doc

湖南省株洲市荷塘区2016高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（4）阅读理解。“old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, for example, most of us remember our patents telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. is there any truth in these teachings? some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. garlic（蒜）is good for you, too。it can kill the type of virus that causes colds. unfortunately, not all of moms advice passed the test of medical studies. for example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. but research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. do sweets cause tooth problems? well, yes and no. sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales, after all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累） from thousands of our traditional beliefs dont hold water should respect this body of knowledge even as research for clear scientific support to proven it true or false 1. which of the following is true according to the text？ a, eating garlic is good for our eyes b, sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth c, swimming after a meal is dangerous。 d, carrots prevent people from catching colds 2.the author develops the third paragraph mainly-。 a. by cause and effects b. by order in space c. by order in time d. by examples 3.the phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“ ” a. to be believable b. to be valuable c. to be admirable d. to be stable 4 what is the authors attitude toward “old wives tales” in the text? a. so objective b. objective c. dissatisfied d. curious 【参考答案】14、b d a b阅读理解。an “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. it is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.all sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. oliver cromwell, the great english leader, offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party, but failed.there are other phrases meaning the same thing as “applepolishing”“softsoaping” or “butteringup”. a gift is just one way to “softsoap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.endless are the ways of flattery. who does not love to hear it? only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. in truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.we need it to be more sure of ourselves. it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. but if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. a good example is the famous 12th century legend of king canute of denmark and england. the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). they overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.he decided to teach them a lesson. he took them to the seashore and sat down. then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. the tide was too busy to listen to him. the king was satisfied. this might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.1which of the following activities has nothing to do with “applepolishing”？aa boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.ban employee tells her boss how good he is at management.ca knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.da teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.2what does the writer want to prove with cromwells example?aeverybody can be an apple polisher.bcromwell was not a good apple polisher.cgeorge fox and his party were not apple polishers.dthere are people who dont like being applepolished.3which of the following statements about flattery is true according to the author?atoo much flattery can carry us away.bflattery is too empty to do people any good.cflattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride.dflattery is one of the ways to applepolished people.4why did king canute of denmark and england take his followers to the seashore?abecause he was sick of his normal life.bbecause he disliked being overpraised any more.cbecause he wanted them to realize how wise he was.dbecause he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king.5who does the author think that flattery can do good to?athose who are politicians or in high offices.bthose who lack confidence.cthose who are really excellent.dthose who think highly of themselves.【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。1d推理判断题。根据“an apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选d项。2a细节理解题。根据“all sorts of people are apple polishers，including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody.oliver cromwell，the great english leader，offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party，but failed.”可知，高层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选a项。3d细节理解题。根据“an apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”和“a gift is just one way to softsoap somebody，or to butter him upanother that is just as effective is flattery”可知选d项。4b细节理解题。根据“the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选b项。5b细节理解题。根据“in truth，flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it.we need it to be more sure of ourselves.it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选b项。阅读理解-。pacing and pausing sara tried to befriend her old friend steves new wife, but betty never seemed to have anything to say. while sara felt betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, betty complained to steve that sara never gave her a chance to talk. the problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. /gaokao/beijing conversation is a turn-taking game. when our habits are similar, theres no problem. but if our habits are different, you may start to talk before im finished or fail to take your turn when im finished. thats what was happening with betty and sara. it may not be coincidental that betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is british, and sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is american. betty often felt interrupted by sara. but betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from finland. and sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from latin america or israel. /gaokao/beijing the general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. these habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式). and these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. for example, a woman from the southwestern part of the us went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. when the personnel department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in-and never found it. although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. when she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. thats why slight differences in conversational style-tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on ones life. the result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems-even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.( ) 1. what did sara think of betty when talking with her? a. betty was talkative. b. betty was an interrupter. c. betty did not take her turn. /gaokao/beijing d. betty paid no attention to sara.( ) 2. according to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns? a. americans. b. israelis. c. the british. d. the finns.( ) 3. we can learn from the passage that _ a. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacingb. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the us c. ones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimesd. one should receive training to build up ones confidence( ) 4. the underlined word assertiveness in the last paragraph probably means _ a. being willing to speak ones mindb. being able to increase ones powerc. being ready to make ones own judgment /gaokao/beijing d. being quick to express ones ideas confidently64.c细节题，难题。难在弄不清谁是s谁是b，耐心读，动笔划，从第一段得出正确答案并不难：sara felt betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation65.b细节排序题，难题。还是耐心读，动笔划。s代表美国人，b代表英国人（加起来？），s比b期待谈话间隙时间更短，又在以色列人(israelis)说话时插不上嘴，故答案选说话嗒嗒嗒嗒的以色列人。66.c变态细节题，较难题。a不符原文，b无中生有，d无中生有，c关键要理解culturally determined，由文化决定或者受文化影响。67.a词义猜测题，较难。难点在于a选项的干扰作用。原文说那位mm的inability to speak up注意别人认为她没能力，不是说她不愿意。所以d比a好，此处用反义对比方法。完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项a、b、c和d中，选出最佳答案。report was published about what the earth might be like 20 years from then on. the report was a result of a three-year _1_. according to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2010 is not a _2_ one. the world will be more _3_ because the population will continue to grow. the population could be _4_ 6 300 million, almost 2 150 million more than in 1985. more people would move into cities, especially cities in _5_ countries. cities like cairo and jakarta probably would _6_ have 15 million by then.food production will _7_, but not enough to feed all the people. farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1985, _8_ most of the increase would be in countries that _9_ produce enough food for their people. little increase is _10_ in south asia, africa and the middle east. poor farming ways are _11_ large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts. more farmland is _12_ as cities become larger and more houses are built. _13_ will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil. many of the worlds _14_ could disappear as more and more trees are cut down. energy will continue to be a serious problem. the experts say their picture of the earth for the year 2010 _15_. they only carried out the situation that _16_ today. by changing the situation, by _17_ the problems, the picture can be changed. there is _18_ time for the nations of the world to work _19_ a plan of action. but they warned that _20_ too long to make decisions would greatly reduce the chances of success.( ) 1. a. learning b. project c. notice d. study( ) 2. a. pleased b. pleasant c. safe d. blue( ) 3. a. dangerous b. beautiful c. crowded d. terrible( ) 4. a. no more than b. as many as c. as much as d. as large as( ) 5. a. developing b. developed c. big d. mountainous( ) 6. a. none b. each c. all d. neither( ) 7. a. insist b. reduce c. increase d. continue( ) 8. a. so b. but c. or d. however( ) 9. a. already b. hardly c. partly d. never( ) 10. a. wanted b. lacked c. found d. expected( ) 11. a. destroying b. protecting c. disturbing d. interrupting( ) 12. a. saved b. lost c. discovered d. used( ) 13. a. air pollution b. water pollution c. some diseases d. all farmland( )