英语的定语.doc

英语的定语I英语定语表示法定语是用来修饰名词或代词的，说明所修饰词的性质、特征及所属，限定或修饰名词（或代词）的句子成分。英语中常见作定语的有：名词、形容词、分词、动名词、动词不定式、数词、代词、副词、介词短语和从句等。现将其表示法归纳如下：一、 名词作前置定语名词作前置定语应注意：1.通常表示在以下几种情况。(1)中心词的用途或功能:amilkbottle,eyedrops(2)发生的时间:aneveningparty,birthdaycard,summervacation(3)处所:TsinghuaUniversity, TianAnMenSquare,NanjingRoad(4)性别或身份:aboyfriend,ababykangaroo(5)性质或类别:thepapertiger,thetimetable2.man和woman作定语时应注意其单复数形式。例amandoctor-mendoctors男医生 awomanengineer-womenengineers女工程师3.表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等的名词作定语可以用加s所有格的形式。例todaysnewspaper,tenminuteswalk,Chinasindustry4.某些名词如sports,goods,clothes,sales等作定语时只用复数。例asportscar一辆跑车asalesmanager一位销售经理5.名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。例girlfriend女朋友-thegirlsfriend那位女孩的朋友womendrivers女司机-thewomansdriver那位妇女的司机 1.The_isjustaroundthecornerandyouwontmissit.A.bicyclesshop B.bicycleshop C.bicycleshops D.bicyclesshop 2.Hedroppedthe_andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffee B.coffeescup C.cupforcoffee D.coffeecup keyBD注：名词作定语修饰另一名词，若前后两个名词都是人或物时，一般不用s所有格形式。例Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Todaycountrymusichasreturned.二、 分词作前置定语或后置定语分词作定语时：1.应注意它与被修饰的名词之间的关系。现在分词与被修饰名词构成主谓关系；过去分词则与被修饰名词构成动宾关系。因此，现在分词带有主动和进行的意义，过去分词带有被动和完成的意义。2.一般地说，单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前作前置定语；分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰的名词之后作后置定语。例adevelopingcountry发展中国家 adevelopedcountry发达国家Theboysingingnowisaclassmateofmine. 1.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded2.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hanging C.hangs D.beinghung 3.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912. A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayed C.firstplayed D.tobefirstplayingkeyABC三、动名词作前置定语动名词和现在分词的形式一样，都由动词+ing构成，都可作定语，动名词所修饰的一般是物，表示所修饰名词的用途、性质或功能，具有名词的性质，它同所修饰的名词间不存在主谓关系。例awalking(为动名词)stick=astickwhichisusedforwalkinganironing(为动名词)board=aboardwhichisusedforironingasleeping(为现在分词)boy=aboywhoissleeping在睡觉的男孩asleeping(为动名词)bag=abagwhichisusedforsleeping睡袋四、动词不定式作后置定语动词不定式作定语应注意：1.表示将要发生的动作，有时根据句意需要加上介词，这时介词不能省略，因为被修饰的名词是它的宾语。例Thefarmersthoughtofwaystoprotecttheircrops.Wehaveonlyasmallcoldroomtolivein.2.用于修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。例MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomaninFrancetobeauniversityprofessor.ShewasthefirstpersoninthewordtoreceivetwoNobelPrize.Hewasthebestmantodothejob.3.根据不同的句意，不定式可用主动语态或被动语态。例Haveyougotanythingtopost?(post的动作执行者是“你”)Haveyougotanythingtobeposted?(post的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)Therearesomeplatestowash(tobewashed).1.Imgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything_?A.tobebuying B.tobuy C.forbuying D.bought 2.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearth abetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayed B.toplay C.tobeplayed D.tobeplayingkeyBB五、形容词作前置定语或后置定语1多个形容词修饰一个名词时，与该名词关系密切的、反应名词最本质的形容词最靠近该名词，一般排序如下：限定词+数量形容词+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形容词+新旧、老幼形容词+颜色+国籍+材料+被修饰的名词。2形容词修饰以-body,-one,-thing,-where结尾的复合不定代词，常作后置定语。例Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Wedidntmeetanybodynewattheparty.3多数以a-开头的形容词，如afraid,alive,alone,asleep,awake,ashamed,alike等只能作后置定语。Untilrecently,theonlymiludeeraliveintheworldbelongedtotheDukeofBedfordinEnglish. 1.-HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?-Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe_daysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunny B.lastfewsunny C.lastsunnyfew D.fewsunnylast2._studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChinese B.TenChinesestrongyoungC.Chinesetenyoungstrong D.YoungstrongtenChinese3.JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa_car.A.largeGermanwhite B.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGerman D.Germanlargewhite4.The housesmellsasifithasntbeenlivedinforyears.A.littlewhitewooden B.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittle D.woodenwhitelittle5.This_girlisLindascousin.A.prettylittleSpanish B.SpanishlittleprettyC.Spanishprettylittle D.littleprettySpanishkeyBABAA六、数词作前置定语 数词作定语应注意：1基数词与序数词连用时，序数词通常在前。例thefirstfivepagesofthebook这本书的前五页2序数词前通常加定冠词the，表顺序，但也可以加不定冠词a/an，表示“又，再”。例Tryasecondtimeandyoullsucceed.再试一次，你会成功。 1.Manystudentssignedupforthe_raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-long C.800metrelengthD.800metreslengthkeyA七、代词作前置定语形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词修饰名词都作前置定语。1.-Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?-No,Illfinishitin_tenminutes.A.another B.other C.more D.less2.-CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?-Imafraiddayispossible.A.either B.neither C.some D.anykeyAB注：another和more的用法：another+数词+名词，而数词+more+名词。another two hours two more hours八、副词作后置定语 副词修饰名词作定语时常后置，常见的副词如here,there,out,up,down,home,abroad,together等。例Thepeasantsthereareveryfriendly.ImetMr.Wangonmywayhome.九、介词短语作后置定语介词短语修饰名词或代词只能作后置定语。例Thegirlinaredcoatismysister.OneofthemostimportanttemplesindangerwastheoneatAbuSymbol.Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet,beautifulplace.十、从句作后置定语（1）先行词的选择； （2）非限制性定语从句的判断及先行词的使用；（3）定语从句与其他从句的区别。解题时应注意分析具体的语义、语境及句子结构，首先应判断先行词在句中担当何种成分，再选择不同的关系代词或副词。1.Therearetwobuildings;_standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelarger B.thelargerofthem C.thelargeronethat D.thelargerofwhich 2.Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which,where B.atwhich,which C.atwhich,where D.which,inwhich 3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what,when B.that,which C.what,which D.which,that 4.Hissisterhasbecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.A.who B.that C.what D.which 5.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.A.where B.which C.when D.what 6._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkouttheproductionplan.A.Which B.When C.What D.AskeyDCADAD注：as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中、句末，而which在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语，不能位于句首。II定语的后置在英语中，如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。而以下情况是由单个单词作定语并后置的几种现象。一、形容词enough作定语，而着重点又是强调它所修饰的那个名词，或者它所修饰的名词起形容词作用且前面不加冠词时，通常要后置。例如：I havent time enough to do the work.我没有足够的时间做那件工作。He hasnt man enough to admit his mistake.他没有勇于认错的大丈夫气概。二、当定语是一个形容词，它所修饰的是由any-,every-, some-等跟-body, -one,-thing构成的复合代词时，通常后置。例如：There is some- thing important in todays newspaper.今天的报纸上有条重要新闻。He wanted to get someone reliable to help in this work.他想找个可靠的人帮忙做这项工作。三、它所修饰的词前面有用以加强语气的the one等之类的词语时须后置。定语由形容词表示，它所修饰的词是起名词作用的anywhere, somewhere等时，也须后置。例如：This is the one thing needful.这是唯一需要的东西。Can you find anywhere quiet?你能找个清静的地方吗？He has been sent to somewhere particular.他被派到某个特定的地方去了。四、定语由here, there, in, out, home, above, below, abroad, before, yesterday等副词充当时，往往要后置。例如：He is on his way home.他在回家途中。Can you tell me something about the social system there?你能给我讲讲那里的社会制度吗？It had been fine the day before.前一天的天气很好。五、定语为现在分词或过去分词时，如果它强调的不是比较永久的特点，