英语语调总结.doc

英语标准语音的发展1.第一代 英国英语British English 的标准语音是RP(Received Pronunciation)以BBC为标准. 美声歌唱家，2.第二代 美国英语American English的标准语音是AP(American Pronunciation)以CNN,VOA为标准. 通俗歌手3.第三代 国际英语World English 的标准语音是WP(World Pronunciation)以新世界WORLD国际音标为标准. 民族音乐家英式语音，美式语音，国际语音之比，应是声乐上的美声和通俗与民族唱法之比。美声可造就歌唱家，通俗成就歌手， 民族能成为经典的音乐家。1、汉语与英语语调的区别汉语：声调语言：声调句调（如妈、麻、马、骂，吃了吗？）英语：语调语言：重音句调（如please go and find it）2、声调是适合中国人学习英语语音的可行办法。英语语调是以一个句子为基本单位，把语调分为降、升调两种基调。英语句子的语调是由音节的不同声调构成的整体。而以声调为基本单位的语调系统是一个比较科学的、有利于我们中国人掌握英语语调的系统。例子：The book is not mine. This is abook. Is this a /book? I didnt give him a /book.3、以声调为基本单位的英语语调的形式与技巧（1）声调（Tones）：静调（static tones）&动调（Kinetic tones）静调：平调，说话时声调维持在一个高度而不升降，分为高平调与低平调两类。动调：指那些由一个高度向另一高度移动（如：升、降、降升）的声调，分为升调、降调、降升调、升降调、先升后降调五类。（2）静调的技巧：保持在一个高度平稳滑动 如：高平调：yes no now 低平调：_yes _no _now (3) 动调的技巧：用汉语声调的阴平、阳平、上声、（去声）分低、高调练习。如：高升调：yes no now 低升调：yes no now 高降调：yes no now 低降调：yes no now 降升调：yes no now(4) 汉语调值图示： 5 4 3 2 1注：汉语、英语语调的调值变化：高平调：汉语、英语5 （now、拉）低平调：汉语、英语1（now、拉）高升调：汉语35；英语159 （now、拿）低升调：汉语13；英语13（now、挨）降调： 汉语51；英语51（now、去、太）降升调：汉语513；英语214（now、马） 4、句调（以Kingdon模式为准）：英语语句的语调分为调冠（prehead）、调尾（tail）、调头(head)、调身(body)和调心(nucleus)五个部分。动调一般只在调心出现，而静调则用于句调的其它部分。（1）调冠：句子中第一个重读音节之前的非重读音节。如：Theres plenty of time（theres）Its nearly the same（its）（2）调尾：指调心之后的所有音节，分为声调调尾与降调调尾。如：I think so（so） Where is it?（is it）（3）调头：是句子中的第一个重读音节。如：Are the student going to be ready?（student）（4）调心：是指句子中动调出现的音节，也就是一般我们所说的有逻辑重音、降调、升调和降升调所在的音节。它是说话人要传达的信息中心。如：Are the student going to be ready?（ready）（5）调身：是调头与调心之间的全部音节。如：Are the student going to be ready?（going to be）注：（1）、动调在句子中的位置总是落在最后一个重读音节上。但是由于说话人所强调的方面的不同，也就是说由于信息中心的不同，动调可以落在句子中的任何其它音节上。如在平淡语气的叙述中，英语句子！That is not a book中的book是句调所在的单位。但是，如果强调方面发生变化，句调可以可以落在That上，也可以落在not上。 （2）、Kingdon认为，一个句调一般只有一个调心。但在其之前完全可以有一个或多个动调，构成调头或调身的一部分。 A、高升调高升调 Will it work? Do you _want a book and a pen?B、升调降调So you came.Will you go on foot or by bus?C、降调降升调Im waiting for you to come.I will if you like. D、降升调降调The more I thought about it, the more I like it.Although he studies /English he never speaks it.语的语调总的特点是，全句的调子一般都是由高逐渐降低，语调主要表现在句末，升调和降调通常分别用“”和“”来表示。（1）升调升调常用来表示不肯定，语意未完，或表示礼貌，常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况：一般疑问句通常用升调。Is he making a kite?Are they cleaning the classroom?Was the traffic very busy?.Does your uncle like making things, too?Did he go there alone last night?Must we wash our clothes now?Has your father finished the work yet? 数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时，除最后那个并列成分用降调外，前面所有的并列成分都要用升调。Lets count our new books. One, two, three, four, five. Oh, we have five new books.Wed like a bottle of coke, two bottles of apple juice, a hamburger and two cakes.John likes running, swimming and skating, but he doesnt like playing football, basketball or volleyball.He got up, got dressed, brushed his teeth, washed his face, had his breakfast, and then quickly went to school.The old man came in, asked for a cup of tea and sat down at a table. 选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分，or前的部分用升调，or后的部分用降调，记成“前升后降”。Is her answer right or wrong?Were they in the high jump or the long jump?Would you like a cup of tea or a glass of milk?Do you go to school late or early?Which colour do you like better, light blue or dark blue?Which do you prefer, going to the cinema or going swimming?反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况：若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握，想询问对方这一廉洁是否正确，则陈述句部分用降调，简略问句用升调；若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握，只是想要对方同意自己的观点，或是想从对方那里得到证实，则前后两部分都用降调。-Your uncle is tall, isnt he? -No, hes very short.You like apples, dont you?He went to London with his family, didnt he?- You wont go there tomorrow, will you? - Yes, I will.- His sister has never been to Beijing, has she? - No, shehasnt.- Its a fine day, isnt it? - Yes, it is.Its quite a nice picture, isnt it?You were born in 1989. So you are fifteen, arent you? 含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况：若主句在前，从句在后，主句结束时意思已比较完整，则通常用降调，整个句子读完时也应该用降调；但是，若从句在前，主句在后，则常常是“前升后降”。I was drawing a picture when my mother came back.When she got to the station, the train had already left.（2）降调在英语句子中，降调的使用比升调更为广泛，它表示肯定、决断、坚决或终结，但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。降调的用法可归纳为以下七种：陈述句用降调：Lucy is cleaning her bedroom.Li Lei doesnt have a watch.I like swimming.Ive been to Beijing only once. 特殊疑问句也用降调：Whose is this coat?What happened to her car?Which shirt do you like?Where does your English teacher come from?When is Teachers Day?Why didnt Jim come to school yesterday?How long have you been at this school?表示命令的祈使句也常用降调：David, open the door.Go and ask your father. Put on your coat.Dont throw it on the floor.Dont put your feet on the desk.Dont run so fast.Lets go to the zoo.Lets go and have a look. 问候用语常用降调，以示真诚：Good morning.Good afternoon.How are you?Good evening.感谢用语也常用降调，以表示诚挚的谢意：Thank you.感叹句用降调：What a lovely day!What a terrible day I spent today!How hot it is today!在并列句中，并列连词and, but, or等的前后两上分句都用降调：We come to school by bus and he comes by bike.Lets run, or well be late for school.I couldnt sleep well last night, so Im very tired today.（3）特殊语调现象在日常口语中，人们除了使用规范的语调外，还经常灵活地运用语调，以表达自己的不同态度、感情、情绪、意图以及隐含意义。不同语调的“yes”Yes. （降调表示同意对方的观点）Yes?（升调表示疑问，意为“真的吗？”或“是吗？”。若在回答对方的呼唤时使用，则意为“什么事？”或者“怎么啦？”）两种味道的“all right”All right.(升调，正常的语调，意为“好吧”)All right! You shall repent this.（降调，带有威胁的口气，意为“好！以后不要懊悔！”）两种味儿的感谢用语Thank you.（降调，表示真诚的感谢。）Thank you.（升调，出于礼貌而说的客气话。） 你喜欢哪种问候？Good morning.（降调，此乃真诚的问候）Good morning