英语阅读分类词汇.doc

阅读分类词汇（一）环境问题conservation保护，保存(conserve)v.s.conversation environmentalist=conservationist acid酸酸的(alkali)acidrain carbon碳(C)v.s.charcoal(炭)carbondioxide,carbonmonoxide fumeexhaustfumes v.s.smoke,fog,smog petroleum石油petrol(BE)=gasoline/gas(AE)unleadedpetrol/gas ozone臭氧(o+zone)ozonelayer ooze渗出渗出物 radiation辐射ultrxdyiolet (UV)radiationradioactive greenhouse温室greenhouseeffect/gases solar太阳的(solarenergy)lunar(lunarcalendar) phenomenon现象 catastrophe=disaster,cataclysm deterioration恶化(deteriorate) extinction灭绝(extinct) speciesendangeredspecies drought干旱faminev.s.flooding recurrent反复发生的re+(oc)cur+rent v.s.concurrent inundate淹没 embankment筑堤(em+bank+ment) sediment沉积（物）=deposit delta三角洲thePearlRiverDelta alluvial冲积的 desertification沙漠化desert(v.s.dessert) dust-storm沙尘暴thunderstorm,brainstorm barren贫瘠的，不育的，无效的 attributable归因于beattributableto deforestation滥砍滥伐（森林）de+forest+ationafforestation造林 / reforestation log原木，日志伐木v.s.logo vegetation植物，植被v.s.vegetable,vegetarian habitat栖息地habit(Habitisthesecondnature.) ecosystem生态系统(eco+system)ecology viabilityviable“vi”:life养育能力Onetoolforassessingtheimpactofforestryontheecosystemispopulationviabilityanalysis. demographic人口统计的demo(people)+graph(write)+ic interdependence：inter+dependence counterbalance使平衡，弥补(=offset)counter(against)+balance mechanism机理，机制 precipitation陡降，降水(precipice)evaporation 蒸发circulation流通，循环 tsunami(海啸)ebbearthquake ，typhoontornado,hurricane meteorology气象(学) volcano火山 eruption喷发(erupt)volcaniceruption granite花岗岩 imminent=impendingv.s.eminent Celsius摄氏的37OCv.s.centigrade Fahrenheit华氏的 latitude纬度(另)& nbsp;longitude,altitude tropical(the)tropical/torridzone,temperatezone,frigidzone glacier冰川 dump倾倒，倾销anti-dumping contaminate弄脏污染(contaminant) recycle回收再利用 irreversible不可逆的(=irrevocable) reclaim开垦，改造reclamation contentious有争议的(contend)Manyenvironmentalissuestodayarehighlycontentious. opt选择(+for)option prioritize优先考虑(prior,priority阅读分类词汇（二）生物化学molecule分子molecular cellcellular aminoaminoacids(氨基酸) protein蛋白质 enzyme酶(proteinsthatareproducedbycellsandactascatalystsinspecificbiochemicalreactions) catalyst催化剂 chlorophyll叶绿素“chloro-”:Cl photosynthesis光合作用(photo+synthesis)photosynthetic botany植物学(botanist,botanical flora植物群 fauna动物群 bacteriumbacteria(pl.)细菌 fungusfungi(pl.)真菌 algaealga(pl.)海藻 herbicide除草剂(insecticide,pesticide) carnation康乃馨reincarnation fade凋谢，褪色 organism机体，组织organ arthropod节肢动物v.s.anthropoid() reptile爬行动物 mutation突变predator捕食者(prey) embryo胚胎embryonic(萌芽的) roe鱼子cxdyiar(鱼子酱) tadpole蝌蚪frog,toadgrasshopper蚱蜢，蝗cricket蟋蟀(另)板球 pollen花粉传粉pollinate,pollination hive蜂房honey,concoction larvalarvae(pl.)幼虫v.s.lxdya pupa蛹pupate penguin企鹅v.s.dolphin(海豚) raccoon浣熊v.s.kangaroo(袋鼠) hibernate冬眠(=holeup) torpid麻木的，蛰伏的v.s.torpedo(鱼雷) cerebral（大）脑的 hemisphere半球(hemi+sphere) cortex脑皮层 migraine偏头疼migrant somatic躯体的 limb四肢upper/lowerlimb anatomy解剖，剖析 paralyze使瘫痪(=incapacitate,immobilize) artery动脉(vein) gland腺体 pancreas胰 hormone荷尔蒙，激素 cholesterol胆固醇 efficacy功效v.s.efficiency,effectivenesamphibian两栖动物 mammal哺乳动物primate灵长目动物 evolution进化anthropoid类人猿猿anthropology,philanthropy v.s.ape,gorilla,chimpanzee gene基因genetics遗传学(genetical) helix螺旋，螺旋壮物analyzeeverysinglegenewithinthedoublehelixofhumanitysDNA identical同一的阅读分类词汇（三）文化homogeneous同质的homo+gene+ous(heterogeneous)homosexual,heterosexual mainstream主流主流的 dialect方言(v.s.accent) discrepancy差异 misconception误解(mis+concept+ion)=misunderstanding barrier障碍(物)bar,=barricade discrimination区别，歧视racial/sexualdiscrimination discriminate(+against) hierarchy等级制度heir+arch(govern)+y insularity岛国性质(insular,island)Britishindustryhasoftenbeencriticizedforitslinguisticinsularity. microcosm小天地micro+cosm(os) nostalgia=homesickness patriot爱国者patriotic,patriotism compatriot同胞同胞的com+patriot vernacular本地的，本国的本地话，本国话immigration移入immigrant,immigrate v.s.emigration(emigrant,emigrate) permeate渗透，弥漫Smokepermeatedthehouse. entrepreneur企业家(enterprise)entrepreneurship practitioner开业者，从业者proxy代理人 anecdote轶事(anecdotal)notoriety恶名(notorious) counterpart对应人，对等物peer同等的人凝视，窥视(peep) subordinate下级下级的superior tactics战术，技巧v.s.strategy(战略，策略)marketingstrategyv.s.sellingtactics benchmarking类比分析 punctual准时的，守时的(punctuality) absenteeism旷工flextime弹性工作时间flex(flexible)+time harass骚扰redundancy冗余，冗员networkredundancy downsize裁员(layoff) ballot投票(=vote) impartial不偏不倚的(partial) lobby大堂(n.)游说(v.) equilibrium平衡，均衡 questionnaire调查表，问卷 quantitative定量的(qualitative) contingency偶然性，偶然事件 incur招致incurdebts/hatred/danger v.s.occur,concur,recur ethical伦理的，符合伦理的ethics,dubious疑惑的，可疑manifestation显示，证明(manifest) dubbing配音录制 vogue时尚bizarre奇异的v.s.weird(怪异的) mediocre平庸的 dietitian饮食学家(diet) connoisseur行家，鉴赏家entre,alacarte BR阅读分类词汇（四）教育accommodation(膳宿)供应=roomandboard lodging寄宿(处) lease出租tenant房客，佃户 landlord房东landlady(f)Lord,tenant dormitory寝室(abbrev.dorm) reciprocal相互的，互惠的 realestate房地产 vicinity=neighborhood flat平的，瘪的flattire公寓(=apartment)condo,studio bond=deposit linen亚麻的亚麻织品，床单(=bedlinen) utensil器皿 stationery文具(v.s.stationary) laundry洗衣，洗衣店 cafeteria自助餐厅canteen cater满足(需要) aerobics有氧健身操“aero”:air badminton羽毛球(运动) baseball棒球baseballbat squash壁球(运动) amateur业余的professional gathering聚会v.s.meeting,reunion excursion远足(=outing,expedition) commonwealth共和国，联邦Commonwealth:英联邦 tertiary第三的illiterate文盲不识字的il(no)+literate(words)illiteracy(literacy) discipline学科，纪律v.s.subject terminology术语dean(大学)教务长 curriculum课程(=course)extracurricular课外的 syllabus课程大纲 calendar日历，日程(schedule,agenda,timetable) compulsory强制的，必修的elective(选修的) examinerexamineetake/sit,pass/getthrough,fail,retake/resit recruit招生，招募recruitment=enroll prestige声望，威信prestigious esteem尊敬(n.&v.)youresteemedschool/company aptitude智力SAT:SchoolAptitudeTest matriculation录取入学 vocation职业(=calling,occupation,career)vocationalvocationaleducation TAFETechnicalAndFurtherEducation(Australian) abbreviation缩略(词)abridge(缩短，删节) transferable(学分等)可转换的 scholarship奖学金=fellowship tutorial辅导(课)tutor(=lecturer,instructor) pedagogue;教员，学究pedagogy(教育学，教学法)demagogue(政治煽动家) lexicography词典编撰(lexicographer) assignment任务，(课外)作业 dissertation论文(=thesis) credential证明，文凭“cred”:creditlinguisticcredentials alumni校友(男)alumnae overestimate高估(underestimate) decipher解码阅读分类词汇（五）科技ubiquitous普遍存在的=omnipresent(omniscient,omnipotent) versatile(人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的alchemy炼金术 transmute变形，变质transmutesilverintogold(!) arduous艰巨的(=strenuous)anarduoustask pitfall陷阱，未预见之困难 metallurgy冶金 alloy合金 aluminum=aluminium(BE)calcium,uranium,radiumcopper,brass,bronze electrode电极 distill蒸馏distilledwater quartz石英 phosphorus磷，磷光物质 inflammable易燃的(flame) combustion燃烧ceramic陶瓷的瓷器(ceramics) insulate隔离，绝缘fiber纤维(BE:fibre)fiberoptics(纤维光学) optics光学(optical) retina视网膜 iris虹膜 opaque不透明的v.s.transparent,translucent microprocessor微处理器binary二进制的 buffer缓冲区bufferstorage browser浏览器(IE,Netscape) hypertext超文本 envisage想象，看作momentous(极为)重要的v.s.momentary reticular网状的 Ethernet以太网 domain域domainnames cyberlaw网络法律“cyber-“:Internetrelatedcyberlove,cybercafe, patent专利chronological按时间顺序的artificial人造的，做作的artificialsatellite/smile cone圆锥体，锥形物Jupiter木星Mercury,Venus,Mars,Saturn exorbitant过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out)+orbit+ant centripetal向心(力)的centrifugal high-rise高楼(skyscraper) cathedral大教堂 dome圆顶(ahemisphericalroof) infrastructure基础设施superstructure sewage污水，下水道 hydraulic水力的，水压的 landfill垃圾掩埋(地) ventilation通风 thermostat温控器thermo(hot)+stat(steady)thermos,thermometer,thermonuclear polytechnic各种工艺的理工学校HongKongPolytechnic geometric几何(学)的geometry,geo(land)+metry(measure) asymmetry不对称bilateral双边的，两方面的unilateral paradoxical“似非而是”的paradox(悖论) clockwise顺时针的(anticlockwise阅读分类词汇（六）心理theorem原理，定理v.s.theory methodology方法论(method) physiology生理学(physiological) psychiatry精神病学psychology,psycho,psychosis,psychoanalysis correlation相互关系correlationcoefficient sensation感觉，知觉(另)轰动sensational perception感知，认知 intuition知觉(intuitive) ESP第六感(ExtrasensoryPerception) motivate激励motivation(bonus,commission,) incentive激励因素 stimulus刺激stimulate,stimulation disorder紊乱，失调 dysfunction机能障碍dys(=dis)+function dissonance不和谐，不一致trauma创伤anxiety焦虑(=anxiousness) depression