被动语态doc.doc

被动语态讲解一、总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：1. He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）2. The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 动词的过去分词。二、被动语态的形式：1) 常用时态被动语态的构成： 一般现在时：am / is / are + given 一般过去时：was / were +given 一般将来时：shall / will +be+ given 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given现在完成时：have / has + been + given 含情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词be + given 2）被动语态的否定式：在第一个助动词后加not构成。如：1. Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我们学校不教俄语。2. A lot of tall buildings will not be built here soon. 这儿不会很快建许多高楼。3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。如：1. Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday?昨天山上种了许多树吗？ 2. Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall?一共被偷了多少钱？三、被动语态使用范围： 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。如：1. Some stamps were stolen last week. 上周一些邮票被偷了。（谁做的动作不知道）2. The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。（说出谁做的没必要）3. Football is played in most middle schools. 大多数中学踢足球。（动作承受者需强调）四、主动语态变被动语态的方法： 转换图示： 主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，谓语要把被动变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。1）主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： 1. 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom beat him. He was beaten by Tom. 汤姆打败了他。他被汤姆打败了。2. 将动词改为be+过去分词的被动形式。注意：被动语态谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持 一致。如：They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 3. 将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词及短语之后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 他唱了一首歌。2）含直接宾语和间接宾语（双宾语）的句子：“主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.）”可变两种被动语态。如：My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 我叔叔在我生日那天给了我一件礼物。 间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.） 1. I was given a present by my uncle on my birthday. 间接宾语（sb.）作主语 2. A present was given to me by my uncle on my birthday. 直接宾语（sth.）作主语注意：当直接宾语变被动语态的主语时，一般在下列动词后bring, give, hand, lend, pass, pay, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等，间接宾语前加介词to。如：1. I lent her my bike.My bike was lent to her by me. 我的自行车被我借给他了。2. The teacher showed the class the cup.The cup was showed to the class by the teacher.这个茶杯被老师拿给同学们看了。 一般在下列动词后build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, find, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等，间接宾语前加介词for, 如： 1. Mother made me a new skirt.A new skirt was made for me by Mother. 妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。2. Mother cooked us the meat.The meat was cooked for us by Mother. 妈妈为我们煮的肉。3. They played us some country music.Some country music was played for us by them. 他们为我们演奏了一些乡村音乐。3) 在look at, see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语。如：1. I often hear Lucy sing in her room.Lucy is often heard to sing by me in her room. 我经常听见露西在她房间里唱歌。 2. He saw Mr. John go into the library.Mr. John was seen to go into the library by him. 他看见约翰先生走进了图书馆。五、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1. 系动词无被动语态，以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： be动词 He is a student. 他是一个学生。（只有主动形式及意义） 起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel, sound, smell, taste e.g. 1、She looks/seems/appears happy. 她看起来/好像/看来很高兴。 2、It tastes terrible. 它尝起来糟糕。3、The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。4、The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。 (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. 1、His wish has come true. 他的愿望已经实现。 2、People often went hungry in the old days. 过去人们经常挨饿。 3、The tree is growing tall. 这棵树正在长高。 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 我们必须在阅览室保持安静。2. 不及物动词及短语sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear, happen, cost, take, take place, break out, belong to等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g. 1、An accident was happened yesterday.（） An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。 2、This book sells well. 这本书畅销。3、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。4、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 5、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。6、The door wont close/shut. 这门关不上。 7、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 8、This material wears well (wont wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）六、被动语态提高巩固练习：1. 变被动语态：1. People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ _ _ for cutting things by people.2. The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ _ _ by the students twice a month.3. I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the floor by me.4. I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ _ _ to return the book in time by me.5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ only two meals a day by his doctor.6. Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ _ _ _ to help them by people.7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by you at this time last time?8. Must we finish our work today?_ _ our work_ _ _ _ today?10. The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ _ _ to turn on the computer by the teacher.11. In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ _ _ by women in this factory.12. He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ _ _ _ in two days.13. You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ three times a day.14. The students study French in this school.French _ _ _ _ by the students in this school.15. Do they often talk about this question?_ _ this question often _ _ about _ _ _ _?2. 在横线上填写括号内所给动词的适当形式：1. Teenagers should _ _ (allow) to go out at night.2. The telephone _ _ (invent) by Bell many years ago.3. English _ _ (speak) in China.4. The car _ _(make) in China.5. The room must _ _(clean) every day.6. - Is the seat _ by anyone? (take) - No, you can sit here.7. The kind of ballpoint pen _ well, so it _ well, too. (write; sell)8. The thief _ by the police and _ to prison last month. ( catch; send)9. - When _ the swimming club _? (set up) - In 2006.10. - What are they doing with the wall now? - It _ _ by some workers at the moment. (paint)11. Students cant borrow books these days, because the library _ _. (repair)12. A lecture was _ _ when I entered the lecture hall. (give)13. - How long _ the concert _ _? (last) - For half an hour. 14. I _ _ that the meeting had to _ _ until next week. (tell; put off)15. Great changes _ _ in the area in the last ten years. (take place)3. 将下列各句改为被动语态：1. He plants trees in spring. 2. Tom will clean the room tomorrow. 3. They make shoes in that factory. 4. They bought ten computers last term. 5. Amy can take good care of Gina. 6. We are painting the rooms. 7. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. 8. They will send cars abroad by sea. 9. Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. 10. When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. 4. 用动词的正确语态填空Our desks and chairs _ (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers _ also _ (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth _ (make) from it. Many people _ (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood _ (be) important in our everyday life. Where _ wood _ (come) from? It _ (take) from trees which _(grow) in the mountains. _ you _ (know) how it _ (get) to us from the mountains? First of all, trees _(cut) down when they _(grow) big enough. Then their branches _ (cut) off, and logs _(make).These heavy logs _(put) together in different ways and _ (take) down to the foot of the mountains. Some of them _ (float使漂流) down the small rivers and others _ (carry) down on trains. Big trees _(cut) down in the mountains every year. Then young ones _ (must, plant) so that we _ always _ (can, have) enough wood. We have to take good care of mountains so that they _always _ (may, cover) with growing trees.4. 选择正确答案( ) 1. The Olympic Games _ every four years. A are held B were held C are holding D will hold( ) 2. We _ to close the windows before we left the lab. A tell B told C were told D are told( ) 3 The old building is part of Shenzhens history. It _ hundreds of years ago. A built B builds C is built D was built( ) 5 Some famous paintings _ in the hall next week. A will show B were shown C is shown D will be shown( ) 6 Its said in the newspaper that 215 more new schools _ in Shenzhen by 2015. A are building B were built C have built D will be built( ) 7 In the art show, a lot of enjoyment _ to foreign friends by the Chinese Painting. A is giving B is given C will give D has given( ) 8 Smoking _ in many countries, so dont smoke here. A allows B is allowed C doesnt allow D isnt allowed( ) 9 It is said that potato chips _by mistakes about a hundred years ago. A invent B invented C are invented D were invented( ) 11 - What a clean classroom! - It _ every day. A is sweeping B has swept C is swept D was swept ( ) 12 Children _ to keep away from the medicine for their safety. A are told B tell C are telling D told( ) 15 - They say theres a new restaurant nearby. - Yes, and it _ for no more than a week. A has been open B opens C is opening D is opened( ) 4. She was heard _ an English song.A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sang( ) 9. Nobody likes _.A. laughed at B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. being laughed( ) 12. Im going to Wuhan tomorrow. Do you have anything _ to your mother?A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking( ) 13. Take it easy. There is nothing _.A. to worry B. to be worried C. to be worried about D. to worry about( ) 1. It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A) designed B) has been designedC) will be designed D) will have been designed2)We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.A) will already have started B) would already have startedC) shall have already started D) has already been started3) She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken4) Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found5)“Have you moved into the new flat?” “Not yet. The room _.”A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted6) My pictures _until next Friday.A) wont develop B) arent developed C) dont develop D) won t be developed7) Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A) had been unemployed B) was unemployedC) has been unemployed D) has unemployed8) A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A) has been establish B) have been establishedC) have established D) had been established9) Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined10)“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”A) They have been given B) I have been given C) I am given D) They have given to me11) The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee.A) is announced B) have been announced C) are announced D) has been announced12) I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room.A) was B) had C) had been D) is13) The goods _when we arrived at the airport.A) were just unloading B) were just been unloadingC) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded14) If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.A) was not B) were not C) were not being D) had not been16) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling17) After the race_, the celebration began.A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won18) He was here for a little while, but I dont know where she _now.A) is B) was C) had been D) has been18) The young teacher has _ competent.A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been proved D) proved being19) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930.A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D) when discovered20) To get a better view of the stage, _.A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changedC) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us22) After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been created23) I think much attention _your pronunciation.A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid toC) must pay to D) should be paid to24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.A) have taken B) have been taken C) have been taking D) have been taking25) I dont remember _the chance to try this method.A) having been given B) to have been givenC)having given D) to have given26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known27) The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.A) must be completed B) must have been completedC) will be completing D) will have been completing28) They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port.A) was brought B) could have been broughtC) had been brought D) was to be brought29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging30) Negotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening C) is going to open D) opens31) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A) has not explained B) has not been explainedC) did not explained D) were not explained32) Experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.A) were conducting B)were conductedC) had been conducted D) had conducted33) When he turned the corner, he found himself _by a man in black.A) tailed B) been tailed C) was tailed D) had been tailed34) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination _at this moment.A) is interviewing B) being interviewed C) is being interviewed D) interviewing35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house.A) building B) build C) built D) to build36) As we know, all the regulations in school _.A) must keep to B) must be kept C) must keep D) must be kept up37) The composition _any more.A) need not to be corrected B) doesnt need to be correctedC) doesnt need be corrected D) need not correct38) The bank is reported in the local newspaper _in broad daylight yesterdayA) to be robbed B) to have keen robbed C) robbed D)having been robbed39) Hurry up, or the tickets _out by the time we get there.A) will have sold B) will sell C) have sold D) will have been sold6.-Dad, please open the door, it _.40) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it _.A) was damaged B) should be damaged C) damaged D) would be damaged1.The question _by us soon. A.is going to discuss B.will discussC.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he_.A.must look after B.must be taken careC.must be looked after D.must take care of3. All the new words _up in the dictionary yet.A.have looked B.havent looked C.have been looked D.havent been looked4.There was no room for you. All the seats _.A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken 5. A model ship _h