被动语态错用.doc

原文地址：【英语】被动语态错误20种作者：散花剑【散花剑原创英语稿件，未发表，欢迎选用，若转载，请注明。】 被动语态学生常犯错误20种 湖北省浠水县第一中学 李可【被动语态的重要性】被动语态有人称、数和时态的变化，是高中阶段一项重要的英语语法，同学们非掌握不可。本文只以2010年湖北高考英语完成句子题来说明其重要性：76.Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _(讨论)at the meeting.(discuss)78.Last nights TV news said that by then the death of the missing people _（未证实）yet.(prove) 80. _(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people “is our first policy.(stress)Keys:76,(should) be discussed ; 78, had not been proved; 80, As has been stressed/ As we have stressed.10道完成句子题，竟有3个题目考查到被动语态！另外，被动语态还被运用于短文写作当中，使表达更加流畅和恰当。例如2008年湖北高考书面表达：Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one.但是由于汉语里有时并不使用“被”字句表达，所以同学们一时难以想到使用被动语态，造成失误。本文特将同学们常犯的一些有关被动语态的错误进行综合整理，希望对大家有所帮助。 【被动语态错误20种】1，副词放错位置。【误】 Such a man has been hardly believed.【正】 Such a man has hardly been believed.【简析】 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词应置于助动词的后边，been，being的前面。2，不及物动词错用被动语态。【误】 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.【正】 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.【简析】并不是所有动词都有被动语态。appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last, come true, fall asleep, lose heart, keep silence 等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。又如：To our surprise, the news spread all over the city overnight. 令我们吃惊的是，这个消息一夜间传遍了全城。 3，错将动词短语分割或漏掉介词。【误】 The patients have been taken good care.【正】The patients have been taken good care of.【简析】短语动词在变被动语态时不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。又如：Every means should be made full use of to solve the problem.4, 短暂性动词与延续性时间连用错误。【误】 How long has this book been bought?【正】 How long ago was this book bought?【简析】一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。5,误将双宾语句中的两个宾语都作了改变。例如：I have given him the key.变被动句【误】Him the key has been given by me.【正】He has been given the key.【正】The key has been given (to) him.【简析】双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。6, 改被动语态时犯见宾语就进行改动的错误。例如：I have asked her to help you. 变被动句【误】 You are helped by her.【正】She has been asked to help you.带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动， 改称主语补足语。7,犯时态错误。【误】The silence of the library has been broken only by the sound of pages being turned over. 【正】 The silence of the library was broken only by the sound of pages being turned over.【简析】被动语态也有各种时态的变化，要根据需要使用不同的时态。又如：If l am given enough time, I will do it better.给我足够的时间，我会做得更好。该句条件句使用一般现在时，而主句要使用将来时。 8,犯受汉语影响而没使用被动语态的错误。【误】I have introduced to Mr. Smith【正】I have been introduced to Mr. Smith (by Mr. Wang).【简析】当人作主语时，有些同学不习惯使用被动语态。此句中introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者，表示“我被介绍给”。9，误将有时不用被动语态的动词使用了被动语态。【误】The door has been opened of itself.【正】The door has opened of itself【简析】有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。10，犯主谓一致性错误。【误】The prices of air conditioners has been brought down recently because of continuous rain.【正】The prices of air conditioners have been brought down recently because of continuous rain.【简析】有些同学只注意到要使用被动语态，却没有留意主谓一致性错误。由于缺乏主谓一致性知识，造成这种错误比较普遍。11，否定词not放错位置。【误】They want to have a good rest this weekend but they know that they will be not allowed to do that by their boss.【正】They want to have a good rest this weekend but they know that they will not be allowed to do that by their boss.【简析】在被动语态中，not要放在助动词的后边，be动词原形的前面。又如：A bridge is not being built in his hometown.12，be与been不分错误。【误】Has a new website be set up by the villagers to help the visitors learn more about the cultural relics?【正】Has a new website been set up by the villagers to help the visitors learn more about the cultural relics?【简析】特别是分隔开的疑问句中，有些同学只知道要使用被动语态，却不知要使用与时态对应的be动词形式。13，been与being不分错误。【误】Nowadays many phones are been used as cameras and radios.【正】Nowadays many phones are being used as cameras and radios.【简析】有些同学分不清been和being是怎么来的，由于读音相近，常常弄混淆。been是be的过去分词，being是其现在分词。14，主宾格不分错误。例如：He has made a decision.变为被动句：【误】A decision has been made by he.【正】A decision has been made by him.【简析】相当一部分同学基础知识有缺陷，变被动语态时只知道把宾语提前改作主语，却不知道主语也要换为宾格形式。15，主从句不分，错变从句。The university has suggested that they teach the course with the new science textbook.将此句变被动语态：【误】The university has suggested that the course with the new science textbook has been taught by them.【正】It has been suggested that they teach the course with the new science textbook.【简析】变被动语态的原则是变主句不变从句，以免引起句子结构混乱。16，误将某些使用主动形式表被动意义的词语和结构使用了被动形式。【误】The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to be answered.【正】The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to answer.【简析】在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，或者不定式的动作执行者是主语时，用主动式表示被动意义。在need, require, want, be worth , deserve等词的后面也用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。又如：I think the film is worth seeing a second time.我认为这部电影值得再看一遍。17，句子结构混乱错误。【误】The government has chosen the computer science department of the university to organize the training course.【正】The computer science department of the university has been chosen by the government to organize the training course.【简析】这是新教材课本上一道练习题。有些同学分不清句子的宾语到底是什么，造成变被动语态时结构紊乱。18，有些动词强调动作时可以用被动语态，但有时却可以用主动形式表示事物特征和状态，很多同学误将这样的动词使用了被动语态。【误】The house is burnt when he hurriedly got there.【正】The house is burning when he hurriedly got there.【简析】该句表示的是房子燃烧的状态，并不表示由谁点燃，不能使用被动形式。这样的动词还有: wash, write, look, sell, read, print, cook, fry, bake, burn, hang等。又如：A clock is hanging on the front wall of our classroom. 教室前墙上挂着一个钟。 Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔书写流畅。 19，不清楚介词短语和被动语态之间的相互转换。【误】Thousands of families