双语复习资料 数控.doc

Today,conventional machine tools have been largely replaced by CNC machine tools.The machines still perform essentially the same functions, but movements of the machine tool are controlled electronically rather by hand.今天，传统工具机已基本取代数控工具机。该机仍然基本上执行相同的功能，但运动的工具机的电子控制由手The decision to produce parts conventionally or by CNC is driven mainly by setup cost and volume.决定生产零件的常规或数控主要是设置成本和体积.The axial movements of CNC machine tools are guided by a computer. This computer reads the instructions and sends electrical signals to a motor, which then turns a screw to move the machining table. A sensor mounted on the table or on the motor sends positioning information back to the computer.轴向运动的数控机床是指导计算机。此计算机读取指令发送电子信号，电机，然后变成一个螺丝移动加工表。一个传感器安装在表或在电机发送定位信息到电脑.CNC machine tools are very similar in construction to conventional machine tools. Each machine has a rigid machine base to hold the moving parts, a spindle in which to mount the cutting tool, and a table that can move left to right and in and out. Attached to table are accurate lead screws used to position the table to the proper location.数控机床是非常相似的建筑传统工具机。每个机有一个刚性基地举行的移动部件，主轴在其上安装的切割工具，和一个表，可以从左向右移动和出。连接表是准确的丝杠用于定位表的正确位置The simplest type of electric motor used in CNC positioning systems is the stepper motor. This kind of system can operate without expensive and complicated positioning feedback.最简单的一种电动汽车使用的数控定位系统的步进电机。这种系统可以操作，无需昂贵和复杂的定位反馈It is more common to use servomotors in CNC systems today. This kind of motor can operate in a smooth, continuous motion, which leads to highly desirable machining characteristics.更常见的是用伺服数控系统的今天。这种运动可以运作顺利，连续运动，从而导致非常理想的加工特性。There are many kinds of methods to classify CNC unitIf determined by the architecture of printed circuit boards，two classes of CNC units can be distinguished，namely，All-in-one board architecture and multi-functional modules architecture；if determined by the number of microprocessors，CNC unit can be classified into two classes，namely，single microprocessor and multi-microprocessors；according to their opening degree，there are close architecture，PC-plug-in-NC architecture，NC-plug-in-PC architecture，and software based open architecture of CNC unit方法有很多种分类数控单元。如果确定的结构的印刷电路板，两班的数控加工单位可以区分，即，所有功能于一身的板结构和功能模块结构；如果由微处理器数目，数控单元可分为两类，即multi-microprocessors，单片机；根据其开放程度，有近pc-plug-in-nc建筑，建筑，nc-plug-in-pc建筑，和基于软件的开放式结构数控单元CNC machine tools only produce the movements that are described in a part program, which describes the machining operations and dimensions.数控工具机只能生产运动中所描述的计划的一部分，其中叙述了加工操作和尺寸A programmer must write a part program in a language that the control can understand. The most popular language for NC programming is G&M code programming.程序员必须写一个计划的一部分在语言理解的控制。最流行的语言进行数控编程是克米代码编程。CNC lathe is primarily used for rotating body work-pieces with turning, boring, drilling, reaming, tapping (写threading也行) and other machining processes.数控车床主要用于旋转体工件车削，钻孔，铰孔，钻孔，攻丝（写线程也行）等加工过程In CNC machining, the information required for machining workpiece is recorded by the program that is stored in some media, and then the program is input to the numerical control device在数控加工中，加工工件所需的信息记录的程序是存储在一些媒体，然后程序输入到数控装置.Processed by the CNC device, command and control signals are issued to servo system to drive machine, coordinate machine movement and make it produce a series of machine movement such as the main motion and feed motion, to complete workpieces machining.由数控装置发出信号，指挥和控制伺服系统驱动机床运动坐标机，使其产生一系列的机械运动等主运动和进给运动，完成工件的加工The CAM module is used to create the machining process model based upon the geometry supplied in the CAD model.凸轮模块是用来建立加工过程模型的基础上提供的几何模型。In CNC, the managing software connects each function subroutine to hardwareIt is also on duty of synchronizing various procedures在数控机床的管理软件，连接各功能子程序的硬件。它也在同步各种程序的责任.For CNC machine tools, there are two factors to be controlled: one is speed of the spindle and the worktable, the other is position of the worktable. 数控机床，有2个因素：一是速度控制的主轴和工作台，其他位置的工作台。Answer Briefly1、What are the normal steps toward planning and executing a CNC machining job?List steps of a machining job on CNC machine tool. (1. study the work-piece drawing; 2.plan the operations and setups; 3. determine the cutting tools; 4. write the part program; 5. test and revise the program)什么是正常的步骤的规划和执行一个数控加工的工作吗？名单的工作步骤加工数控机床。（1。研究工件图纸；2.plan操作和设置；3。确定切削工具；4。写计划的一部分；5。测试和修改程序）2、Illustrate the main architecture of a distributed multi-CPU system or the master-and-servant system. (书上图4-7, 4-8) 说明的主要结构的分布式多CPU系统或master-and-servant系统3、Draw the block diagram of algorithm of linear interpolation by the evaluation function method (in the X quadrant). 绘制框图的直线插补算法的评价函数法（在象限）。 (上图是以第一象限为例画的，若是其他象限，则需要改变图中涂色方框中的内容)4、What is the definition of the CNC machining center?(A CNC machining center is defined as a multifunctional CNC machine tool with automatic tool-changing capability and a tool magazine.)Which three kinds are machining centers divided into?(Machining centers are divided into vertical, horizontal and universal kinds)什么是定义的数控加工中心？（数控加工中心的定义是一个多功能数控机床自动换刀的能力和一个工具杂志。）三种加工中心分为？（加工中心分为垂直，水平和普遍的类型）5. 会计算主轴转速6What are the basic components of an NC machine tool? 什么是基本的组成部分，数控机床工具？(Illustrate the basic components of an NC machine tool)P4 图1.2（说明的基本组成部分的数控机床）Reading Material:Startup procedures are those commands or functions that are necessary at the beginning of the program. Every manufacturer of machine tools has its own protocol for startup. Not all machines are the same with startup procedure.A standard startup procedure usually involves cancellation of compensation, absolute or incremental programming, and the setting of work-plane axis.启动程序的命令或功能，有必要在开始程序。每一个制造商，机床工具都有自己的协议的启动。不是所有的机器都是相同的启动程序。一个标准的启动程序通常涉及取消补偿，绝对或增量编程，以及设定工作面轴The depth of cut is the first cutting condition that needs to be determined. It has the least effect on tool life, so to maximize production the depth of cut should be as great as possible. The depth of cut is the first cutting condition that needs to be determined. Rigidity of setup, rigidity of machine, and horsepower availability are the deciding factors when selecting the maximum depth of cut.切深度第一切削条件，需要确定。它有最影响刀具寿命，从而最大限度地提高生产的切割深度应尽可能大。切深度第一切削条件，需要确定。刚性安装，机床刚性，马力和可用性是决定因素选择时的最大切削深度。Benefits of climb milling are better surface finishes, less tool deflection, and extended tool life, and the chips are discarded away from the cutter. Feeding against the rotation of the cutter is known as conventional milling. The conventional milling chip has no thickness at the beginning, but builds in size toward the exit of the cutter. Conventional milling is recommended on materials with a hard outer scale, such as cast steels or forgings.惠顺铣是更好的表面光洁度，减少刀具变形，延长刀具寿命，和芯片丢弃远离刀具。喂养对旋转的刀被称为传统铣削。传统