2016职称英语备考说明及题型策略.docx

提炼更简易答题技巧轻松备考2016年职称英语考试 主讲 张占杰 一. 职称英语简单看: 相对稳定的考试形式: 1.题型 2.原题 3.词典 二. 新趋势: 1.出题规律的变化; 2.从押题为王能力为王，回归考试初衷:提升英文水平,拥有阅读外文资料能力 三.新教材浅析 1.与往年的差异: 理工类的补全短文变化三篇: 第二篇The Worlds Longest Bridge 替换为Baby Talk 第三篇Reinventing the Table 替换为common question about dream 第七篇Time in the Animal World 替换为Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job 综合类的补全短文变化三篇: 第七篇The Worlds Longest Bridge 替换为Baby Talk 第八篇Public Relations 替换为common question about dream 第十四篇The Sandwich Generation 替换为Primer on Smell 卫生类的补全短文变化三篇: 第三篇what makes me the weight I am? 替换为Baby Talk 第五篇chest compressions most important of CPR 替换为common question about dream 第七篇power napping is good for the I.Q 替换为Ice Apple Test 四.应考策略: “两轮马车”:“教材精研+得分技巧” 让零基础学员也能闲庭信步！ 五. 新契机 1. 原题稍有增强 2. 得分技巧 3. 课程体系的完满 谢谢大家观看！2016年职称英语备考说明及题型策略职称英语真题比对、分析:2015年综合类C级试题2015年综合类B级试题2015年综合类A级试题词汇选项综C = 理C # 卫C 综B = 理B # 卫B综A = 理A # 卫A 阅读判断Living history at Jamestown settlementLiving history at Jamestown settlementCities “worse to live in than 20 years ago”概括大意完成句子Interview with Allan GrayTeaching is “one of the least popular jobs in the UK”Teaching is “one of the least popular jobs in the UK”阅读理解1. Across the desert【新增】(原题) 【来自于教材阅读判断的第3篇】2. The value of tears【新增】(原题) 【来自于教材补全短文的第3篇】3. why buy shade-grown coffee?1 why buy shade-grown coffee?2 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England (原题) 【来自于理工or综合 教材阅读判断第7篇】3 Washoe Learned American Sign Language (原题) 【来自于理工or综合教材概括大意与完成句子第10篇】1 . Is There a Way to Keep the Britains Economy Growing (原题)【来自于教材 “概括大意与完成句子”第11篇】2 . The Sandwich Generation(原题) 【来自于教材 “补全短文”第14篇】3 .whats killing the bats?补全短文Explore JordanSaving a citys public artGorillas have a word for it完形填空Stage Fright(原题) 【来自于教材阅读判断第11篇】The internet houseThe Beginning of American Literature(原题)【来自综合教材阅读理解第49篇】2015年卫生类C级试题2015年卫生类B级试题2015年卫生类A级试题词汇选项综C = 理C # 卫C综B = 理B # 卫B综A = 理A # 卫A阅读判断Baseline exam is to eye health Baseline exam is to eye health1/3 of parents lack facts about child development 概括大意完成句子Understanding dyslexiaThe Ebola outbreakThe Ebola outbreak阅读理解1 Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart Disease 卫生教材阅读判断第2篇2 Dangers Await Babies with Altitude 阅读判断第5篇3 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found 完形填空第1篇1.New US Plan for Disease Prevention综合教材阅读理解A类第40篇2.dangers await babies with altitude 来自教材理工阅读判断第9篇, 卫生阅读判断第5篇3.more Americans getting high blood pressure1.young adults who exercise get higher IQ scores (原题) 【来自于教材完形填空第14篇】2. Social anxiety disorder【原文为阅读理解第15篇 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder 】3.ear breakthrogh补全短文Change for a batter futureLung Cancer卫生教材概括大意与完成句子第八篇Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke选自教材阅读理解第37篇完形填空Spoilt for choiceEating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost卫生教材阅读理解第17篇Stage fright卫生教材阅读判断第13篇2015年理工类C级试题2015年理工类B级试题2015年理工类A级试题词汇选项综C = 理C # 卫C综B = 理B # 卫B综A = 理A # 卫A阅读判断概括大意完成句子阅读理解1. Soot and Snow: A Hot Combination）.概括大意与完成句子第2篇 2. A Record-Breaking Rover【新增】补全短文第5篇1Dangers Await Babies with Altitude 来自教材阅读判断第九篇2 More Rural Research Is Needed 第二篇来自教材概括大意与完成句子第九篇1 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light 【2013年也考过】理工教材完形填空第13篇2 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu 概括大意完成句13篇补全短文完形填空Rescue Platform 阅读判断第5篇Ill Be Bach综理 教材中阅读理解第29篇Robotic Highway Cones 教材补全短文第14篇考前应对:一. 往年考试简单回顾: 试题分值结构、历年试题特点二. 需要学习的内容C级 掌握C级文章共计36篇;B级 看*号及*号以下文章共计57篇; 着重37篇A级 看所有文章共计110篇着重37篇三关于“阅读理解”与完形填空原题问题：1首句与译文（反复看几遍）； 2掌握小册子三. 考试前需要准备和注意的事项考试必须携带的物品：身份证， 准考证， 2B 铅笔（ 5 支）， 橡皮， 尺子， 手表四. 职称英语考试过程中如何安排做题步骤？六种题型要点综述1. 词汇选项确保答对 13+分以上2. 完形填空原题不可丢分3. 阅读理解的 1 篇原题要在短时间(10 分钟)内完成并得满分 15 分4. 阅读理解非原题要有 4 小题确保为正确答案5. 补全短文答对 1 个以上的空，其余选择根据选项特点选择一个相同的选项6. 概括大意与完成句子后 4 小题更容易7. 阅读判断可不看文章，只看选项答题，无剩余时间则全部选择 A/B五. 考场时间分配1. 词汇选项 25 分钟2. 完形填空原题 8 分钟3. 阅读理解的 1 篇原题 10 分钟4. 阅读理解非原题 50 分钟5. 补全短文 10 分钟6. 概括大意与完成句子 8 分钟7. 阅读判断 8 分钟六. 考试过程中会遇到什么特殊情况？遇到特殊情况怎么办？ 说说视频实际考试情境与应对方略2015年职称英语等级考试真题试题第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。词典的选择与运用 （单查法 多查法 ） 常考同义词对 其中有11个在职称英语教材从未出现过1. 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my classp656 A. controlB. acceptC. observeD. regulate2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. p468 A. messageB. .punishmentC. guiltD. obligation3. These products are inferior to those we bought last year. p337 A. poor thanB. narrower thanC. larger thanD. richer than4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. p72 A. pleasedB. braveC. powerfulD. sensible5. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. p176 A. improvedB. changedC. worsenedD. developed6. Most people find rejection hard to accept. p532 A. refusalB. excuseC. clientD. destiny7. Theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. p474 A. planningB. preparingC. lookingD. requesting8. He said some harsh words about his brother. p299 A. properB. normalC. unkind D. unclear9. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. p310 A. fearB. limitC. powerD. fool10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. p586 A. fairB. fullC. publicD. coexisting11. He tried to assemble his thoughts. p44 A. gatherB. clearC. shareD. spare12. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. p545 A. hideB. handleC. establishD. disclose13. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. p35 A. flexibleB. reasonableC. terribleD. serious14.We were attracted by the lure of quick money. p389 A. amountB. temptC. supplyD. sum15. Shes extremely competent and industrious.p335 A. hard workingB. honestC. objectiveD. independent第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.这是陷阱：往年有人花一个小时做它，却只得了2分！而且赔上了整个考试！打破陷阱：用10秒300秒的时间完成它！一定节省出更多时间给阅读理解！得分25分（5分是四年英文本科生达到的水平。为了5分，这是我们讲那么多课的原因之一）如果想要全部做答,需要注意下面的特点:1. 题目特点: 1) 题目分值最低 2) 题目本身有缺陷3) 答案选项的出现有规律, 即: 1). A,B,C3 个选项均会出现 2). A 与 B 出现 3 次的可能性最高2. 选择 A. Right 的情况:1) 题目是原文的同义改写2) 题目是原文的概括总结3) 题目的语气缓和、含糊时3. 选择 B. Wrong 的情况:1）题目与原文直接矛盾相反2）题目是故意曲解原文3）题目的语气过于绝对、不留余地时4. 选择 C. Not mentioned 的情况:1）题目中的主干词（主语、宾语、表语词）在原文中找不到2）题目的含义明显不合逻辑，甚至荒谬可笑5. 判断原则:根据语气判断：当题目的语气过于绝对、不留余地时选择 WRONG;题目的语气缓和、含糊时选择 RIGHT根据关键词判断： 题目中出现 only; solely; any; all; every; always; absolutely; definitely; certainly; for sure; surely; never; nolonger; notany more 等词时答案选择错误. 题目中出现 some; many; may； might； usually; often; partly； mostly； perhaps； probably； approximately；about; to some extent； in/to some degree; it seems/appears that 等单词或短语时选择正确.根据含义判断：题目含义合乎常理一般不会选择 WRONG; 题目的含义错误荒谬，或明显有悖于常识，逻辑的题目，答案为 NOTMENTIONED根据与文章大标题的关系判断： 与文章标题含义相一致, 贴近标题含义的, 或是其一步推理得出的结论的, 选择 A. Right 与文章标题含义不一致, 或矛盾相反的, 选择 B. Wrong6. 注意事项:标题是文章灵魂1）当某道题无从判断时，可以先跳过不作，等完成剩余题目后再作。2）阅读判断应留在最后答题，时间紧张，可根据语气判断出答案可能为 A,B 或C.Living History at Jamestown Settlement A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的) cameras. This is Jamestown Settlement today. Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first places in the world where people from Europe, American, and Africa came together in 1608. Today, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history. Ina living history museum, actors wear clothes from the past and demonstrate many of the activities of daily life back then. The actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do.At a living history museum, there are always many things to touch, hear, and smell. Visitors at Jamestown Settlement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonist to Virginia and even lie down in a colonists bed! The colonists stayed on the crowded dangerous ships for more than four months. When they got to Virginia, they built an area of houses with a high wall around it. In todays fort(堡垒)，you can see housed, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate. Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can help them with their sewing and cooking.There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown Settlement, and it looks very different from the fort. It shows how the Indians lived in long houses and grew corn and other crops in large fields. Actors there make pottery(陶器) and teach visitors how to play Indian games. You can even help them make an Indian boat from a tree!Today, the living history museum of Jamestown is very popular, especially with children and families. People come here to have fun, but also to learn. Many school classes visit to experience old ways of getting things done. A living history museum is the best way to understand how people lived in the past.一般规律（1）.往往按照文章行文的先后顺序排列七个问题、七个题干。第1小题的对应句一般在第一段甚至第一句可以找到；第2小题则应紧随其后找到；第3、4、5小题再其后出现（一般在文章当中）；第6、7小题一般在文章最后出现。偶有例外，但一般如此。（选自职称英语基础技能与考点要点）16. Tourists like to take pictures in Jamestown settlement today.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned关键词选取：数字、专有名词、有特色的片段。关键词不宜原则：文章标题中的单词一般不宜作为关键词；在文章中出现频率较高的词一般不宜作为关键词；动词一般不宜作为关键词。（选自职称英语基础技能与考点要点）17. In Jamestown, people from three different cultures came together in 1608. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Ata living history museum, visitors cannot touch any of the things on display. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. The first colonists to Jamestown were from England. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The actor working at the museum explain what they do to the visitors. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21.In Jamestown, visitors can walk through the real ships the colonies used. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22.Children and families enjoy playing Indian games. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentionedAABCABC第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。其实，只用三板斧：读段落第一句，完成“概括大意”； “关键词定位法” 或者 “语法语义做题法” 完成 “完成句子”！西方人直线思维，喜欢开门见山；中国人曲线思维，习惯迂回。西方人重视抽象思维，喜欢下定义；中国人重视形象思维，习惯比喻。西方人喜欢分析思维，万事一分为二；中国人侧重综合思维，讲究天人合一。所以：英文文丰意明，充满概括性、逻辑性、确定性、明确性言意如一汉语文约义丰，充满模糊性、随意性、不确定性、暗示性言内意外 比喻Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”1 The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged11-16), and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers, Since the1980s，the number of graduates who say they would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.2 The main drawback of secondary中等教育的 teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners,24, is a good example:“I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacherbut when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isnt a very lucrative (赚钱的) job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and soI decided not to become a teacher.”3 Its not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people dont want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Heres the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.” 4 “I love teaching; its my passion. Ive been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now, and although its a very demanding job, its very satisfying. When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud,” says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers? “My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.5 There port is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other profession. It also suggest that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspaper, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. “Hopefully,” the report concludes, “these solutions can improve the poor Image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future.解读该段的第一个句子。往往段落的第一句就是该段的主旨句，即便不是也基本能够暗示足够的信息表明该段大意会是什么，然后回头对照六个选项。当解读段落第一句并不能明确做题时，说明第一句可能不是该段主旨句，因而信息量还不够充分，则需再解读该段的最后一句（或者本段第二句）。基本上通过第一句和最后一句的阅读，得到的的信息量就足以正确选择答案了。 选自职称英语基础技能与考点要点A. students bad behavior and lack of disciplineB. improvement of children behavior C. heavy workload on teachersD. the problem of low salaryE. a report on teacher shortageF. a nationwide publicity campaign23. Paragraph1 _24. Paragraph2 _25. Paragraph3 _26. Paragraph4 _A. its benefitsB. their childhood memoriesC. their stressD. more trainingE. discipline problemsF. because of its low pay27. More and more young people are held back from teaching _28. Parents are encourage to back the teacher up when there are _29. The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease _30. The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising _EDAC FECA两套方法：关键词原文定位法； 语法与语义做题方法。数字、专有名词是最好的关键词，其次是有特色的词。“完成句子”四个小题是按照行文顺序排列的 选自职称英语基础技能与考点要点 注意事项:完成句子为独立完成的 4 句话，故出现在前半句和选项中的代词都必须明确有所指。 做题时应采取先易后难的步骤，不能确定答案的先跳过或选出可能的选项， 待完成剩余题目后再用排除法。应掌握的固定搭配: as - as ； such-as； regard-as； the same-as； so as to； so/such -that；as well as； the more/less - the more/less； more/ less -than；not only- but also ( but -as well)； not that -but that； neither -nor； either-or；whether-or第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。谁能抓住阅读理解，谁就能笑傲职称英语江湖！阅读理解解题方法(共9种): 紧扣主题做题法；常识情理做题法；关键词定位法；选项做题法；首尾句做题法；三一原则做题法；排除做题法；反义选项做题法；绝对词做题法。阅读理解的六种题型：细节题；主旨大意题；是非题；主观态度题；计算题；词汇题。阅读理解一般性规律：1.每个小题必能在原文中找到对应的句子。而5个小题习惯按照行文顺序排列。 2.关键词所在句子60%是答案所在句子，40%是后面的句子。只要耐心，必然可解。 3.标题是中心主旨所在，理解不足时，可酌情读读第一段第一句，从而把握全文内容 1. 阅读理解原题情况:1) 一般 1 篇原题， 2 篇非原题。最近2年一般 2篇原题， 1篇非原题。2）浏览试卷全部 3 篇阅读理解的标题, 找出所有原题, 一般 1 篇, 少数情况下 2 篇。若 3 篇文章的标题都未见过, 则说明原题的标题已改, 阅读文章第 1 句话, 确认原题。3) 原题的题目在实际考试中会有变化：文章大标题更换2. 阅读理解非原题两篇：3. 阅读理解非原题答题步骤：1) 仔细阅读文章大标题： 凡是标题中的生词， 必须查出。 某个选项包含了文章标题，则该选项为答案。 某个选项是标题的同义改写，则该选项为答案。 某个选项贴近文章标题/主题或是其一步推理得出的结论，则该项为答案。2) 阅读文章第一段话（ 可选） 若文章标题含义不明确，或根据第三步所选的题答案依据为第一段，则必须读. 否则可跳过此步。 若第一段话太短，则应进一步阅读第二段话。 若第一段太长，则仅需阅读该段的首句，次句与末句。 阅读第一段的目的是为进一步明确文章主旨或大标题的含义。 读完第一段有可能能找出第一题的答案。3) 容易做的题 看选项的长短, 选项越短, 题目 越容易 看选项中重复词的多少, 重复词越多, 题目 越容易 看问题的具体程度, 以及选项中的具体细节 (人名, 地名, 机构名, 年代, 数字, 百分比) 的多少 看提问方式; 例如数字题、词义/短语义题、 指代题、生平背景题、有无提到题、 态度题和某些主旨题较容易。 若利用前 4 种方法无法挑出容易的题，则答第 1 题和第 5 题， 此两题的答案一般来自文章首段和末段。4) 阅读题干 读问题时首先要确定该问题是让选出正确的表述还是错误的表述。 让选择错误表述时一般问题中有 NOT 或 EXCEPT; BUT 等标记词， 否则为选择正确的表述。 提问的问题越具体越详细，题目 越简单，例如问题有具体的人名、地名、 机构名、年代、数字、 百分比，以及某个段落（ according to/in paragraph）时更容易在原文中寻找答案依据。5) 阅读选项选项中的任何生词都必须查出。正确表述的特点： * 语气含蓄、含糊或者不表达绝对概念和含义， 客观中立的表述。 *表达客观、中立、矛盾有争议； 重要、 必要、不可或缺，意义重大等积极正面含义的选项。 *和文章标题、主旨含义接近，贴近文章主旨或基本论述方向的，或其主题一步推理得出的结论。 *选项中的词或短语在相应的原文中可以找到同义或近义的表达。 *All of the above 一般均为正确答案 错误表述的特点： *明显有悖于逻辑或社会常识。 *与文章主题或标题的含义相矛盾,或偏离文章基本论述方向的。 *语气绝对，不留余地的表述。 *流露出消极、 负面、 悲观的态度。比较选项 *四个答案选项中，若出现意义相反的两个选项，则其一为正确答案。 *四个答案选项中，意义相同或极为近似的两个均不可能是答案。 *某一个选项的内容涵盖了其他 2 个或 2 个以上选项的全部信息时，该选项为正确答案。 *某一个选项的内容涵盖了其他 2 个或 2 个以上选项的部分关键信息(句中的主干词)时，该选项为正确答案。回归原文确定答案阅读题目（ 或选项） 确定回归原文的关键词原则 出现频率低的词 名词形容词副词（ 尤其是作主语宾语的名词及做表语的形容词以及复合名词形容词） 大写的专有名词（ 人名、地名、 机构名、 首字母组合词） 数字年代 形容词比较级最高级 加引号的词、 斜体、 黑体 问句/选项中无词可用时，可拿 4 个选项中重复出现的词作为关键词关键词不宜原则 标题中的词及其派生词 出现频率高的词 动词、 介词或其他虚词阅读理解题式：1 （词/短语/句）词汇题：The word/phrase “” can be best replaced byThe word/phrase “” is closest in meaning toWhat does the word mean/refer to/stand for ?Which of the following can best replace the sentence “”The first/last sentence in paragraph means如果考的是简单常见词,则答案为该词的引申含义;如果考的是复杂少见词,则答案为该词的基本含义.句义题有时需要回归原文阅读上下文才能最终确定所考句子的含义。2 2. 计算题提问方式：无固定提问模式，但皆是针对某个具体细节提问。特点为有 3 个或以上的选项中有数字出现。解题方法：以题目或选项中的数字为关键词回归原文，选项中出现的数字或年代可以很容易直接找到的一般不是正确答案选项。正确答案通常有如下标志出现：1) 百分比与分数的转换 (例如： 25%=1/4）2) 英文与阿拉伯数字的替换 (例如： thirty=30)3) 需要进行简单的数学运算。 (例如： 40% 1/3=7%1/15)3 3. 主观态度题提问方式：The writer of this passage would prob