外文翻译--水平定向钻机孔底钻具的研究与应用

1 Horizontal Directional Drill Hole Drill end of the study and application of a drill hole end of a composition and function. Construction of drill hole orientation : drill pipe, a launcher tube and a guide to accommodate bit. Construction of drill hole orientation with drilling, to change, through magnetic and drilling fluid delivery functions. Coordinated by computer control, in strict accordance with the design of the track has been completed oriented hole. Drilling is drilling high pressure liquid jet cutting board and bit accomplished； Bits board and the installation of boards of drilling teeth. Rotary drilling bit at the time supporting Cutting role in promoting the drill pipe at changes to the role； transmitters placed to accommodate tube launcher, to accommodate the opening of a Magnetic planters, Non-metallic materials and sealed to prevent the entry of high pressure drilling fluid, launch vehicles by the electromagnetic field Magnetic tank fired. Internal drill pipe and drill should provide sufficient access to meet the drilling fluid flow needs. 2, the construction of bore hole : drill pipe, the first to expand, the rotary joint drill pipe and back to Rafah. When the guide hole drilling is completed, unloaded oriented bit, to accommodate tube launchers and connect with reverse bore bit and rotary joint, Then after the rotary joint drill pipe connected to Rafah, to Reamer drilling. The large diameter holes, a number of bore drilling, hole diameter gradually expanded to the size requirement. 3, back to Rafah Pipeline Construction hole : drill pipe to Rafah, to expand first, rotating joints and pipe-drawing tools. When the bore drilling is completed, the drill pipe to Rafah after expanding access to the first and rotary joint, After the rotary connector connected pipe-drawing tools and the laying of pipelines to be anti-expansion Pipeline. 2, the main drill a research and application, the drill pipe drilling pipe construction quality is the key to success. Construction of the pipe and caused damage to the drill pipe connecting the end of drill hole of the lost, whether to expand or expensive first mud motors, and pipelines. As the drill pipe construction of HDD technology to the success of a basic role, in recent years, drill pipe manufacturers have continued to adopt advanced technology to improve the structure of the pipe to improve its performance and quality. Currently, the main HDD drill pipe into the 2 overall style and welded two structural forms. Friction welding type of drill pipe drilling pipe achieve the best combination of structure, which means that in order to meet different needs. Performance of different materials can be used in different parts of the pipe. Friction welding drill pipe with high mechanical properties, wear resistance, light weight, good flexibility, a convenient way to different forms of threaded joints with different specifications of the pipe welding portfolio. Mount Sassafras drill pipe-welding technology is the key to the quality of welding, welding and heat treatment process control properly, Friction welding connection strength should reach even higher than the base material itself intensity. To ensure the quality of welding. foreign manufacturers for the manufacture of drill pipe friction welding equipment has been used advanced computer control and data recording technology. Through the monitoring system to ensure that every root of all drill pipe welding parameters in accordance with prior to the numerical implementation. In other words, a group of drill pipe in any one drill pipe, are strictly controlled in the context of tolerance, by the computer monitoring system to ensure that the welding performance consistency. And drill pipe through a single test, a number of drill pipe to provide each of the roots of the pipe complete, reliable performance data. After welding overall electromagnetic induction heat treatment, the whole process is an important stage. In recent years, considerable research through research and testing, now be able to make a welded seam mechanical properties to meet or surpass the performance of the base material itself, including durability, welding safety aspects. In order to improve the surface hardness thread, thread itself to prevent any possible occlusion, the post-processing on the surface of the nipple. Thread particular part should be carried out nitriding treatment. Drill pipe used in the manufacture of steel pipes used high-grade seamless steel tubes, and after quenching and tempering. Friction welding drill pipe Another advantage is being able to drill pipe internal drilling fluid channel design. Within which the nipple holes in the design of the Corridor full consideration to minimize the liquid through the hydraulic losses Special connecting thread is the first reduction of the loss, will greatly enhance the drilling fluid system efficiency. Threaded joints in the design using the top of the basket, the landscape of conical threaded design that can connect to increase strength, can in no additional washers with the help of the enclosed play a very good role. Practice shows that the use of more powerful drill holes and underground drilling equipment, maximum hole diameter and the smallest curvature radius, on the special needs of high-quality design 3 of the drill pipe to meet the construction requirements. 2, guided boring BHA (1) Universal : Universal Detection device for capacity, Variable bit to the plate-and cutting tools. It is normally used in soft soil and backfill soil construction, replacement of hard-bit teeth, hard formation for the construction, including the hard soil, rock, gravel and soft rock. (2) Rigid-formation comprising : Definitive detection devices installed capacity, belt-injection tube bending and (a) separate from the spray head, apply to soft soil controllable jet construction； (b) rock drill, as applied to drilling mixed layer, In hard rock section allows rotary drilling bits. (3) soft-rock composition : Definitive detection devices installed capacity, hammer, Hammerhead applicable to the hard ground and soft rock drilling high penetration and to (4) Rock : Definitive detection devices to accommodate devices, change the connector, mud motors, bits of rock to rock Drilling 3, used to expand drilling hole (1) with long shafts to extend the first features : 30 degrees cone shape, conducive to efficient cutting and squeezing soil； access to a variety of back end and threaded connection forms； forward and backward drilling fluid spray nozzle of the can for TC-rock teeth； Groove can be used to efficiently remove cuttings； Dimensions 8 (200mm) a 20 (500mm) applicable to the general condition of the project, in the density of clay, gravel and mud-rock clay soil (gravel, cobble, etc.) construction, both warm-cutting with a knife and squeezed Cone for the composite function with high efficiency of the construction. Installation TC rock cutting teeth, can improve cutting. Generally applied to medium hardness of the soil, and are particularly suited to the hard rock and soil layer construction. (2) mid-knife to expand on features : open drilling body 30 degrees conical cutting arm, In comparison with the extrusion is excellent BTA and mixed role. Is a unique way to expand is omnipotent, in the sand, soft soil, clay and concrete compound layer construction with excellent performance, to be effective so that the soil mixed with the mud flow into the mixture has the ideal BTA and powerful mixing. Dimensions 8 (200mm) a 20 (500mm). (3) spin-barrel-back expansion device features : suitable for medium and large drilling rig； open drilling body, three-arm design. with high efficiency and the cutting ability of BTA. Replacement rock cutting teeth can be replaced by the forward and 4 backward nozzle, the standard size of 12 (300mm). Welding with industry standard API 5C6. generally used, broken clay soil superior extrusion type, This trace was excellent cutting properties and BTA, often with a barrel-to expand the use of devices together. (4) barrel-type device to expand features : suitable for medium and large rigs. 30 degrees around the cone； Replacement rock cutting teeth； both before and after the end can be replaced with the nozzle； standard size 12 (300mm). Barrel - type device to expand in clay, gravel soil, aggregates and construction with the rock cutting and excellent extrusion properties, used mainly for extrusion soil (soft clay, peat), in soil squeezed out holes and maintain. 5 水平定向钻机孔底钻具的研究与应用 一、孔底钻具的组成与功能 、导向孔施工 钻具组成：钻杆、发射器容纳管和导向钻头。 导向孔施工钻具具有钻孔、变向、通磁和输送钻液的功能。通过人机协调控制，严格按已设计的轨迹完成导向孔施工。钻孔施工是以高压钻液射流和钻头板切 削共同完成的；钻头板以及安装板上的钻牙，在钻头旋转钻进时起辅助的切削作用，在钻杆推进时起变向作用；发射器容纳管用来放置发射器，在容纳管上开有通磁槽，并用非金属材料密封以防止高压钻液进入，发射器发射的电磁波经通磁槽向外发射。钻杆和钻头内部应提供足够大的通道以满足对钻液流量的需求。 、扩孔施工 钻具组成：钻杆、回扩头、旋转接头和回拉钻杆。 当导向孔钻进完成后，卸下导向钻头、发射器容纳管，接上反向扩孔钻头和旋转接头，然后在旋转接头后接上回拉钻杆，进行回拉扩孔钻进。对直径较大的孔，可进行多次扩孔钻 进，使钻孔直径逐渐扩大至尺寸要求。 、回拉铺管施工 钻具组成：回拉钻杆、回扩头、旋转接头和拉管头。 当扩孔钻进完成后，在回拉钻杆后接上回扩头和旋转接头，在旋转接头后接上拉管头和待铺设的管线进行反扩铺管。 二、主要钻具的研究与应用 、钻杆 钻杆的质量是施工成功的关键，施工中钻杆的损坏将导致与钻杆连接的孔底钻具的丢失，无论是回扩头还是价格昂贵的泥浆马达、管线等。由于钻杆对施工技术的成功起着基础性的作用，所以近年来，钻杆制造商们不断采用先 6 进技术致力于改进钻杆的结构，提高其性能和质量 。 目前，钻杆主要分为整体式和焊接式两种结构形式。 摩擦焊接式钻杆实现了钻杆最佳结构组合，这就意味着为满足不同需要的、不同性能的材料能够被用来做钻杆的不同部位。磨擦焊接钻杆具有很高的机械性能、耐磨性能，而且重量轻、柔韧性好，可方便地实现不同形式的螺纹接头与不同规格的钢管的焊接组合。 摩檫焊接式钻杆的技术关键是焊接质量，如果焊接及热处理过程控制得当，摩擦焊接的连接强度应达到甚至高于母材本身强度。 为了保证焊接质量，国外制造商用于制造摩擦焊接钻杆的设备均采用先进的计算机监控和数 据记录技术。通过监控系统确保每根钻杆所有焊接重要参数均按照预先给定的数值执行。也就是说，一批钻杆中的任何一根钻杆，均控制在严格的公差范围内，由计算机监控系统确保其焊接性能的一致性。而且通过单根钻杆试验测试，能够提供一批钻杆中的每根钻杆的完整的、可靠的性能数据。 焊后整体电磁感应热处理，是整个处理过程的重要阶段。近年来通过科研部门不断研究与试验，目前能够使得焊接后焊缝的机械性能达到甚至超过母材本身性能，包括耐久性能、焊接安全方面等。 为了提高螺纹表面硬度，防止螺纹本身产生任何可能的咬合，加工后的螺纹接 头的表面，特别是螺纹部分都要进行渗氮处理。 用于制造钻杆的钢管采用高等级无缝钢管，且经过淬火和回火处理。 摩擦式焊接钻杆另一好处是，可以对钻杆内部钻液通道进行设计。其中螺纹接头内孔通道的设计充分