强调句与倒装句.doc

强调句与倒装句第一节 强 调 句基本句型：It is (was)+被强调成分+that(who)+其余成分e.g. I am going to Beijing to attend a meeting tomorrow morning by air.It is I who (that) am going to Beijing to attend a meeting tomorrow morning by air. It is Beijing that I am going to attend a meeting tomorrow morning by air.It is a meeting that I am going to Beijing to attend tomorrow morning by air.It is tomorrow morning that I am going to Beijing to attend a meeting by air.It is by air that I am going to Beijing to attend a meeting tomorrow morning . 特别提醒a.强调句可以用来强调除谓语之外的任何成分。b.强调句中的 It 决不会因为被强调的成分是复数而改变。c.强调句中只用 It is 和It was 两种形式， 如果原句中谓语动词属过去时范畴（一般过去时， 过去完成时和过去进行时）， 就用It was ， 其余时态均用It isd. 强调句中的连接词一般只用 that（被强调部分是人时也可以用 who ）， 是不用when和 where的。e. 强调句中的 that ,who ,whom 是不能省略的。基本句型：It is (was)not until.被强调部分+that+其余成分e.g. She didnt give me a reply until one week later.It was not until one week later that she gave me a reply.Not until one week later did she give me a reply.I didnt know anything about it until she told me.Not until she told me did I know something about it.It was not until she told me that I knew anything about it. 特别提醒a.此强调句式中，谓语动词要用肯定式。 b.此强调句式中，只用 until，不可用till.判断是否强调句型的一个简易方法是还原法,即看其能否删除It is/was.(that/who/whom).部分后还原为一个单句。能者则是,不能者则不是。强调句的考点1一般疑问句式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?Was_his illness_he didnt go to see the film?A. necessary; whenB. that important of; whyC. even if; forD. it because of; that E. it although; then Was_that I saw last night at the corner?A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself2 特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+is/was it +that/who+句子的其余部分?It was this morning that the general manager left for Japan.When was _ that the general manager left for Japan?A. heB. it C. thatD. since “How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”A. it thatB. he thatC. it when D. he whichIt was totally by chance that they discovered the entranceWho was it _ saved the drowning girl?A. since B. as C. that D. heWhat is it _ his daughter needs most?A. what B. which C. thatD. if3 强调时间、地点、原因状语时,通常只使用that,而不能使用when,where,why。It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty.A. until B. that C. when D. soIt was in Qingdao _I saw the sea for the first time.A. what B. that C. when D. whichIt was because of bad weather_the football match had to be put off.A. so B. so that C. whyD. ThatIt was because his mother was ill that he didnt go to school.Since, as 引导的原因状语从句不能用于强调句。4 强调主语时,谓语动词应与之保持一致。 【误】 It is I who/ that is going to be sent there to help them.【正】 It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them.5 强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时,应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。【误】It was her that told me about it.【正】It was she that told me about it.【误】It is I who the teacher has punished.【正】It is me whom the teacher has punished.6 考查强调句型与相关句型的辨析强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆,故高考也常考查这方面的内容。例如:A. 与定语从句的辨析Was it during the Second World War_he died?A. thatB. while C. in which D. then B.与名词性从句的辨析It was_he said_ disappointed me.A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; whatWhat he said disappointed me.It was what he said that disappointed me.C. 与状语从句的辨析It was about 600 years ago_ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. that B. untilC. before D. whenIt was ten oclock _ he came back.A. that B. when C. so D. which比较：It was at ten oclock that he came back. It was after ten oclock that he came back. It was before ten oclock that he came back.再比较：It is autumn when leaves fall. 当树叶落的时候就是秋天了。It is in autumn that leaves fall. 树在秋天落叶。It was 1995 _ _ he joined the army.It was in 1995 _ _ he joined the army.另外，下面的句子也不是强调句型：1. Its a long time _ I met you last.A. that B. since C. when D. which2. It was more than a year now _ he had seen her.A. that B. since C. when D. which3. “Was it here _ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone.”A. that B. while C. which D. whereD. 与there be句型的辨析_is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; thatC. There; whether D. It; whether A7. 有时,be前可使用表示推测的情态动词构成复合结构。例如:It must be Peter who has let this secret out.It might be last night that they did their homework. It might have been John _ bought a present for Mary yesterday.A. that B. when C. what D. which8. 强调句与从句的连用A 定语从句It was just in the room _ he was born _ he died.A. where, which B. that, thatC. where, that D. which, thatHe died just in the room where he was born.It was just in the room where he was born that he diedB 主语从句 It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me.A. which B. as C. what D. thatC 同位语从句It was with great joy _ he received the news _ his lost daughter had been found.A. because, when B. which, thatC. since, how D. that, thatD 宾语从句I dont know _makes her afraid of having her business discussed.A. what it is about Mary that B. that is it abut Mary whatC. what is it about Mary that D. that is about Mary what9 受插入语的影响将强调句型误判为非强调句型。如：It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan.A. whichB. as C. that D. whatIt was because of English girlfriend, believe it or not, _ his English improved so greatly.A. which B. as C. that D. what10受省略结构的影响将强调句型误判为非强调句型。如：“Who are making so much noise in the garden?” “_ the children.”A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There areIt is the children who/ that are making so much noise in the garden.倒装句自然语序： 主语在前，谓语在后。倒装语序：谓语在主语前面。分为全部倒装和部分倒装两类。全部倒装：句子中谓语的全部提到主语前面。部分倒装：句子中只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词、或系动词等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。 在以下情况中， 一般用倒装语序：A完全倒装1用于there be 句型 There is nothing in the room .Is there anybody in ?2由there或now引起、谓语为 come (go )的句子 There comes the bus!There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.注：如果主语过短（主语是代词）仍用自然语序：There he comes.3由then引起、谓语为come ( follow ) 的句子。 Then came a new difficulty. Then came wind, hail and frost. Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4由here引起、谓语为be的句子： Here is your book. Here are some picture-books.注：如果主语过短仍用自然语序：Here we are. This is the new station.“Give me some paper.” “ Here you are.”5由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人（或东西）的句子（肯定句） He is a student. So is she. He has finished his homework. So have I. He studies very hard. So does she.If you go , so will/shall I .如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管是用so 开头，语序也不颠倒：“ It was cold yesterday.” “ So it was!”“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “ So it will.”6 neither, nor 引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人（或东西）的句子 （ 否定句） Mary wont go out today. Neither /Nor will Rose. I have never been to Beijing . Neither / Nor has my sister.如果前述情况不止一种， 就不能用倒装句了， 而要用 So it is/was with 句型。 I am a college student. I am nineteen. I have never been to Beijing. So it is with my friend Li Yang.7在以out ,in ,up ,down, away等副词开头的句子中：Up went the arrow into the air.Out rushed a tiger from the bushes.In came a group of children.注：如果主语是人称代词时，不用倒装。 e.g. Away he went .8直接引语中间或后面表示“某人说”这类意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）“ They must be in the fields now,” thought Mary.“ I dont want him to go with me, said Tom.“ Kill that man!” they shouted.9当一个句子没有宾语而主语又比较长，常可将状语提前，同时把谓语也放到主语前面，开始这类句子的主要是介词短语：Along the river banks stood stacks of hay.On every side stretched fields of green wheat.有时是副词:Ahead sat an old man.10. 也可把表语和系动词提到主语前面,表语可以是:1) 介词短语:On the other side is a tall building.Around the lake are 21 farms with 2,0000 workers.2) 形容词：Very important in the farmers life is the radio weather report.3）副词 Below is a restaurant.4）过去分词 Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing erhu.5）现在分词 Lying in the floor was a boy aged 10.B部分倒装1在各种疑问句中：疑问词+助动词+主语+动词？ What did you do last night ? Are you leaving tomorrow?2在省略if的虚拟语气条件句中：Were I you, I would never do it. Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something .3在以as 引导的让步状语从句中： Young as he is , he knows a lot . =Although he is young , he knows a lot . Hard as he worked , he failed the exam.=Though he worked hard ,he failed the exam. Girl as she is , she is as strong as a boy .=Though she is a girl , she is as strong as a boy.4用于no soonerthan, hardly when , scarcelywhen , not until 的句型中 Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.He didnt finish his homework until the teacher came.It was not until the teacher came that he finished his homework.5. 用于never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little , by no means （ 决不） , not only.but also., , nowhere, not once, at no time , under no circumstances( 在任何情况下都不)， 等放在句首时：Never have I heard of such a thing.Not only is she our head teacher, but also she is our friend.注：Not only .but also , 如果强调的是主语就不用倒装。Not only I but also my parents are interested in pop music.6 Only + 副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句放在句首时： Only till then did he realize he was wrong. Only in this way can you solve the problem.Only when she got home did she find her necklace was missing.注：如果 only 强调主语， 就不用倒装。 Only I know the fact.7 So 修饰形容词和副词放句首时 So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment.8频度副词always, often, once, many a time等放在句首时： Always will the spirit of the hero encourage us.Many a student =many students9表示某些祝愿的句子：Long live Chairman Mao!May your country become strong!May you be happy!EXERCISE:1.Was it in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded_ landing on the moon?a. when; on b. that; on c. when ; in d. that; in 2. Was_ that I saw last night at the party? a. not you b. it you c. were d. how3. It_ Mike and Mary who helped the old man. a. are b. was c. that d. how4. It was through Tom _ Rose got to know Bill. a. whom b. who c. that d. how5. It was _ I went there _ I began to know something about the matter.a. untilthat b. not until that c. untilwhen d. not untilwhen6. Is it _ who _wrong? a. I am b. I is c. me is d. me am7. It was _late in the evening that her husband arrived home. a. after b. till c. not until d. when 8._ he made up his mind to take a trip to Europe?a. When was it that b. That was it when c. That it was when d. When it was that9. Are you going home this weekend? No, and_.a. neither Wang Xin is b. Wang Xin isnt too c. so isnt Wang Xin d. neither is Wang Xin10. Since then I have never seen him , nor _ from him . 11. Was it during the World War _ he died? a. in which b. which c. that d .when12. It was the way he asked _really upset me. a. that b. it c. so that d. what 13. It was_ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous movie star.a. not until, that b. until, that c. not until ,when d. until, when14._, he never spends a penny on charity. a. Rich as he is b. Rich as is he c. Though rich he is d. He is as rich15.Only on Sunday _ watch TV. a. can she b. she can c. would she d. she would16. _ engaged in my present job, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. a. Was I not b. Would I not be c. Were I not d. Had I not been 17. Not only _ polluted but _ crowded.a.was the city, were the streets b. was the city, the streets werec. the city was ,were the streets d. the city was , the streets were18. So_ that no one likes to swim in it. a. the pool is shallow b. shallow the pool is c. shallow is the pool d. is the pool shallow19. Little _for his own safety , though he was in great danger himself. a. he cares b. did he care c. he cared d. does he care20. _for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the movie so often. a. If they are not b. Were it not c. Had it not been d. If they were not21.Tom has made great progress recently. - _, and_.a. So he has, so you have b. So he has , so have you c. So has he , so you have d. So has he , so have you 22. Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is . a. man did know b. did man knew c. didnt man know d. did man know23. I dont eat fish. _. a. and she dont ,either b. and so does she c. Mary couldnt too d. neither does Mary24.Well_know him and _well know me . a. I did, he did b. I did , did he c. did I , did he d. did I , he did25.No sooner_ they rushed out into the street. a. had they heard the news than b. did they hear the news than c. had they heard the news when d. did they hear the news when26. Hardly had the little girl seen her parents_ she ran up to them. a. than b. that c. as d. when27. Not only _some advice, but he also helped me. a. had he given me b. he had given me c. did he give me d. he gave 28. _ does she go for a picnic. a