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定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩英国人。(作主语)Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用that的情况: 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用w which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。1. sing along with the music _ 2. take CDs to the party _3. play different kinds of music _ 4. think of _5. in different ways _ 6. pop/popular music _7. write music _ 8. dance music _9. 近几年来 _ 10. 务必 11. 找乐 _ 12. 展览,陈列 _13. 提醒,使记起 _ 14 追赶,赶上 _15. 据说 16. 使某人高兴 I like music that I can dance _.A. withB. toC. alongD. on2. Some of her best loved photos are _ display in this exhibition.A. onB. inC. atD. about3. There are many tall buildings on _ sides of the street.A. eachB. everyC. bothD. either4. That is a watch of _.A. hisB. himC. myD. me5. “Help _ to some fish.” Mrs. Smith said to the children.A. youB. yourselfC. yourselvesD. yours6. I _ singing to dancing.A. likeB. enjoyC. loveD. prefer7. He has a friend who _ the piano very well.A. playB. playingC. playsD. played8. We _ here two hours ago. We _ here for two hours.A. have arrived, have been B. have come, have beenC. came, have come D. arrived, have been9. Though it was late, _ he went on with his work.A. but B. and C. so D. 10. We will have a _ holiday after the exam.A. two month B. two - monthC. two-months D. two months 、跟着跳 2、随着唱3、使想起 4、多年来5、优点 6、在当今世界7、使某人感兴趣 8、一定要做某事9、顾名思义 10、在热天11、合的意,适合 12、老实说13、炒焦的食物 14、增加癌症的发病率15、远离 16、一个叫的CD17、油炸食品 18、致癌19、比起更喜欢 20、展览,陈列选择填空:( )1、I _ singing to dancing. A. like B. enjoy C. love D. prefer ( )2. Some of her best loved photos are _ display in this exhibition.A. on B. in C. at D. about ( )3.My friend Jack is from _ European country. We all think he is _ honest boy. A. a; a B. a; an C. an; an D. an; a( )4.Smoking and drunkenness(酗酒) are both bad for peoples health. Yes. So we should _ cigarettes and alcohol(酒精). A. shut down B. get on with C. stay away from D.put away( )5.He is expecting me _tomorrow. A. to coming B. come C. coming D. to come( ) 6. He has a friend who _ the piano very well. A. play B. playing C. plays D. played( ) 7. Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whose( ) 8. My grandfather often tells me I do in the future, I should try my best to do it well.A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever( )9. Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need.A. who B. which C. what D. whom( )10-How about going hiking this weekend? -Sorry, I prefer _rather than _.A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home.( )11.The story reminded me _ an experience I once had.A. of B. to C. at D. on( )12.I like the music that I can sing _.A. along and B. along with C. withD. along( )13I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. who B. what C. which D. whose( )14.I prefer watching TV to _ music every day.A. listen to B. listen C. listening to D. listening( )15.I like this kind of music that I can dance _.A. to B. in C. with D. along( )16.They met each other _a cold winter day fifteen years ago.A. on B. in C. at D. for( )17.Young children are given _ food by their parents and grandparents. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too( )18.This kind of food is cooked by a cook _ Jack. A. call b. calls C. called D. calling汉语提示完成单词 1.The man with a camera is a _ (摄影师)of a newspap 2.He is good at taking_(照片).He is very good at_(摄影).3.He _ (让想起)me of his father, because he looks like his father very much.4.We prefer music that has great_. (抒情词曲)5. _(不论什么) you do, dont miss this exhibition.6. Some of Amy Kims best loved photos are _(展览) in this exhibition.7. I _ (喜欢) dance music _(而不喜欢) jazz music.8. That woman _(使记起) me of my aunt. They wear the same dress.9. Mary _(不能忍受) the CDs that his brother plays, theyre too noisy.10. As the name _(暗示), the band has lots of energy.11. I _(预计) that I shall be back on Sunday.12. Go on in front, Ill soon _(赶上) with you. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. I like _(music) who can write their own lyrics.2. Farmers plant seeds _ (main) in the spring.3. After the long walk, we felt very _(tiring).4. If you dont sleep enough at night, you will feel _(happy) in different ways.5. _ (actual), that student needs to study more to pass the exams.|6.Tomorrow is my birthday. Be sure _(come) to my birthday party.7.That story is _(interest), all the children like to read it.8. Arm Kim is one of the best know Chinese _(photograph) in the world today.9. Theres lots of _(difference) kinds food in that restaurant.10. I prefer _(walk) to riding a bike.11. I listened to the music _(call) Heart String last night.12. These _(music) who make us happy.13. Shanghai is a great place_(visit).14. We must keep _(quiet) in the library.15. Wheres the woman _(who) watch was stolen yesterday.16. Some of the singers dont sing words _(clear).汉译英1、这幢建筑使我想起了我的母校。This building _.2. 你对这部新影片有什么看法?What do you _ of the new film?3. 这件大衣非常适合您,女士!This coat _, madam!4.Someofherbestlovedphotosare_ _inthisexhibition.在这次摄影展中,展出了她的一些最中意的作品5.Idliketo_,butIonlyeatfoodthattastes_.我想保持健康,但是我只吃口味好的食品。6.我很幸运得到一份工作。 I was very lucky _.7.无论我提什么建议,他总是不同意。 _, he always disagrees.8.我每天看到相似的东西而且它们没有引起我的关注。I see the same things every day and they dont _ _ as much.9.我喜欢天气总是温暖的地方。 I like places_ the weather_.1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father?-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B whose C. that of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sisterA. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。 1The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now?定语从句专项练习题 . 2 Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. That B. where C. in which D. the one 3. 3 Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. That B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 10. That tree_ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that againstC. who is against D. who are against 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 33. He is not _ a fool _. A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal? 【建议】 A. which B. what C. why D. for that 39. - Do you know the town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 41. The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 44. There is only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which 47. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 49. The great day we looked forward to _ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 50. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 用适当的关系词填空:1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best seas
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