MBA英语语法：虚拟语气.doc

MBA英语语法：虚拟语气【mba加油站】语气是动词形式，用来表示讲话人对某种言行或某件事的看法或态度。英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，析使语气和虚拟语气。1.陈述语气:用来叙述事实或可能发生的事情。Knowledge is power.Did you hear the news?I dont care what he thinks.2. 祈使语气:用来表示命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议等。Be careful.Speak more slowly, please.Never shut that door!3. 虚拟语气:用来表示动作或状态不是客观存在的，而是想象、假设、愿望或推测等。If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.I wish I had your brains.It is time that I went to pick up my daughter .一、虚拟语气在状语从旬中的用法1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟语气最基本的形式是由if引导的非真实条件状语从句，它由非真实条件从句和与之相关的假设结果(主句)两部分组成，表示某种不存在或假设可能会发生的事。注意表示可能性时， should 仅用于第一人称， would 可以代替should 用于所有人称。could 表示能力， might 表示可能。但当should 表示义务，意为应该时，可以用于所有人称。If everything were ready, we should/would start.If he had known it, he would/could/might have told me.If she had received a gift, she should have thanked him.(1)表示与过去事实相反的情况If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the bus.If you had taken his advice, you wouldnt have made such a mistake.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If she hadn been ill, she might have come.(2) 表示与现在事实相反或现在实际上并不存在的情现If she had time, she would go with you.If I could help anyone, I would do it.If I were you/in your position, I should not give up.If the boss were here, he might make a decision.(3)表示将来实现可能性不大的情况If it should rain, what should we do?If you were to come next week, you would see him.If it snowed tomorrow, I should stay at home.If be should write to her，send her my love.(4) 特殊虚拟条件句1)错综虚拟条件句当从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，从句和主句的动词按各自的时间变化。If the doctor had come last night, Alice would be alive today.If he had taken my advice, he wouldnt be in trouble now.If he didnt arrive he would have overslept.If I gave a party this week, I should have let you know a week ago.If he had started five days ago, he would arrive in three days.If you didnt make up your mind now, you might suffer in future.2) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时，非真实条件不是通过从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语、连接词或上下文表示出来。介词短语常见的可以用来引导虚拟条件的介词有with， without, under, but for,for fear of 等，介词短语表示的虚拟条件相当于一个非真实条件从句。With your help( =If you could help me， I would succeed in the competition.Without electricity (=If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.But for the storm(= If it had not been for the storm), we should have arrived earlier.连接词常见的可以用来引导虚拟条件的连接词有or， but, but that, otherwise 等。He must be crazy, otherwise (=if he had not been crazy) he wouldnt have divorced her.Be honest,or(=ifyou were not honest) nobody would trust you.But that I caught her( =If I hadnt caught her). she would have fallen into the river.上下文You might stay here forever (if you wanted to).We would have succeeded (if we had kept trying).Heaven and earth would cry at the sad news (if they were able to hear it).3) 省略的非真实条件句条件从句中有were， had 或should 时，书面语中可将if 省略，将were， had, should置于主语之前，构成倒装。Were she my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to marry a foreigner.Were it not for the fact that you helped me. I would be homeless.Had I known your address, I should have written to you.Should anybody call, say I shall not be home till evening.Were I to meet her tomorrow, I should ask her about it.4)不和主句连用的非真实条件句不和主句连用的非真实条件句由if only 引导，表示遗憾或没有多大希望实现的将来愿望，常译为要是该多好或但愿. .。If only I were as rich as you！If only it would stop raining！If only he had taken my advice！2，虚拟语气在方式状语从句的用法They treat me as though I were a stranger.He acts if he knew all about it.They talked/are talking as if they had been friends for years.She looks as if she would cry.【注意 as if 也可用于陈述语气。He walks as if he is drunk.It seems as if it is going to rain.3. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法在lest， for fear that, in case 引导的目的状语从句中可以使用虚拟语气。lest， for fear that 引导的从句中，谓语动词形式为(should/might+ )动词原形；in case 引导的从句中，既可以用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。He ran away lest he (should/might) be seen.She reminded him twice for fear that he (should/might)forget.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains/(should/might)rain.二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.虚拟语气用于表示要求、建议或愿望的动词后接的宾语从句一些表示命令和要求(command， demand, order, require, request，ask， urge) 、建议(advice, insist, move, propose, recommend, suggest) 或愿望(decide, desire, determine,intend, prefer) 的动词后接的宾语从句中，要求使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形。We suggested that the committee (should) not give up the plan.He ordered that he letter (should) be mailed at once.I intended that he (should) do it right now.【注意】当suggest 意为暗示，表明， insist 意为“的宾语从句要用陈述语气。坚持说，固执的声称”时，后接的宾语从句要用陈述语气。He still insists that he wasnt there at that time.Axe you suggesting that I m not telling the truth? 相关文章：2015年MBA英语语法汇总2. 虚拟语气用于wish 后接的宾语从句动词wish 后接的宾语从句中必须使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式如下:2. 虚拟语气用于would rather/sooner/prefer/just as soon (that)后接的宾语从句We would rather (that ) it were winter now.I would prefer (that) you did it now.I would sooner (that) you had gone to the party last night.Jim wouldjust as soon (that) you calledhim tomorrow.4. 虚拟语气用于表示强烈感情变化的动词后接的宾语从句动词marvel， rejoice, wonder, regret 等以及I am surprised/sorry 等后接的宾语从句中，要使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式为should+动词原形或should have+过去分词表示惊奇、不满、怀疑等感情色彩。I marvel that he should be able to do so much in such a short time.I regret that you should consider a burden to do it.We rejoice that our dream should have come true.I am surprised that he should have been so rude to you.三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用主要体现在由形式主语it 构成的三种句型中。1.虚拟语气用于It画+形容词+ that.句型在该句型中，常见的形容词有important， vital, necessary，essential， imperative,advisable, desirable, natural, better，urgent 等，谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形。It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is important that we (should) have a meeting tomorrow.It is advisable that you (should) ask for his permission before taking action.【注意】strange， amazing, odd, surprising 等用于该句型时，谓语动词形式为should+动词原形或should have+过去分词表示说话人惊异、懊悔、失望等感情色彩。It is strange that she should feel so angry.It is amazing that he should have learnt so much in such a short time.2. 虚拟语气用于It is +名词+ that.句型在该句型中，常见的名词有pity， shame, wonder 等，谓语动词形式为should+动词原形或should have+过去分词表示说话人惊异、懊悔、失望等感情色彩。It is a pity that the he should be so selfish.It is a shame that she should have done such a thing.It is a wonder that you should recognize me after all these years.3. 虚拟语气用于It is +过去分词+that.句型在该句型中，常见的动词过去分词有desired， suggested，proposed， requested, decided,advised 等，谓语动词形式为(should+)动词原形。It is decided that the meeting (should) be postponed tm next week.It is advised that everyone (should) master at least one skill.It was requested that every question (should) be answered.It is desired that we (should) get everything ready before Friday.四、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法表示命令、要求、建议的名词，如order， requirement, advice, plan, idea,recommendation, suggestion, proposal, decision 等后接的表语从句或同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词形式为(should +)动词原形。Their decision was that the plan (should) be carried out next year.My suggestion is that the problem (should) be settled as soon as possible.Your advice that she (should) come next week is reasonable.The teacher made a re