句子成分回顾.doc

个性化教学设计方案教师姓名上课日期学生姓名年级8学科英语课 题句子成分理解及应用教学重难点 句子成分的应用Learning aims : 1.To learn about the members of the sentences and the structures of the sentences . 2.To distinguish the different parts of a sentence and master them . Members of Sentence理解句子成分、句子结构是理解句子的基础，但是在将句子成分之前，我想先了解一下大家对几大常用的词性的了解：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、数词、连词、感叹词。主要大致说明一下：名词-表示人或事物的名称，常用作主语或宾语：book、pen、water、milk等代词-用来代替名词：故也常用作主语或宾语：he、we、this、something等动词-表示动作或状态，常做谓语：work sleep advice read be feel等形容词-表示人或事物的特征：常做表语或定语：bad、beautiful、hard等副词-主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子：very、hardly、quickly等介词-表示词与词之间关系的虚词，不能单独做句子成分，但介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语：in at of about 等词性跟汉语中的没有什么区别，那么看看句子成分呢？ 句子是由各个部分组成的，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。总的来说，句子都由两大部分组成：主语部分和谓语部分，例如，小学时候老师有教过：”没有主谓不成句“不知大家还记不记得。句子的成分要比句子的两大部分更加明确和具体，可分为 主语(Subject)、谓语动词(Predicate Verb)、表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)、定语( Attributive)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和独立成分(Independent Component Part)等。 主语：行为主体You beat him. 谓语：主语发出的动作-You beat him.英语句子成分分为 宾语：动作的承受者-You beat him. 表语：表示主语“是什么”“怎么样”-He is a boy./ He is bad. 状语：表动作发生的时间、地点等-You beat him at home. 定语：用来修饰名词、代词-You beat the bad boy.【知识点一】其中，主语（subject）表示动作的执行者或谓语的描述对象，一般有名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式做主语，但是要注意主谓一致的变化：e.g: The car is running fast. We are students. One of my classmates is from Shang Hai. Its bad manners to spit in public. Eating too much is bad for your health.【经典习题】1. Our living_（条件）are getting better and better now.2.Doing sports every day (help) us keep fit .3.people there a sports meeting. A, will be B, is going to have C will have D, are going to be 【知识点二】 谓语（Predicate）主要是修饰主语,说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征或状态包括动词、宾语或动词所支配的短语。动词分为实义动词（vi. vt.） 、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。要注意时态、语态、主谓一致的变化。e.g: He works in a factory. I felt cold. How can I get to the station? Do you speak English?They are working in a field.【习题精讲】1. Two more bridges will be _(建造) across the Changjiang River soon. 【解析】解这类题时，首先，分析句子所缺失的成分，该题的谓语动词不完整； 其次，分析句子的时态、语态、主谓一致的情况，根据题意可知，该句子是将来时态&被动语态will be+ved； 最后，检查是否是正确形式。该空格应填写built。2. Jack liked the two beautiful dictionaries very much, but he _(买) neither. They were both too expensive for him. 【解析】同上题做题方法，该题考察的是时态，根据liked/were，可知应该用被动语态bought。【经典习题】1. Shes_（意识到）she is wrong at this matter, so she feels very sorry.2. I_ a gift from my penfriend Peter, but I didnt_ it. A. received; accept B. received; receive C. accepted; accept D. accepted; receive3.-How much did you _ all those things? -About 300 yuan.A give B. cost C. spend D. pay for【知识点三】宾语（object）是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。e.g: They speak English. please try them on ! Lily forgets to do her homework . He practices running every morning【注意】1.有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有： 动词后加to的：give 给pass 递给show 给看send 寄lend借给bring 带take 拿走hand 交给tell 告诉return 归还write 写给throw 扔promise 答应refuse 拒绝teach 教 动词后加for的：bring 带来buy 买build 建造save 救pick 拣cook 烹饪make 制，做leave 落下 留下find 发现get 得到order 预定sing 给唱歌pay 付钱给e.g：He bought me a book.=He bought a book for me .【注意】直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。e.g：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai. Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.2.有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。（三想三同意一选一担心）e.g: I hope to see you again. 定短语和句式：be able to do sth. /be ready to do sth./ try ones best to do sth. /be willing to do sth./ have to do sth./ Its time to do sth. / would like to do sth 3.有的动词常用不带to的不定式作宾语。【四看/三使役/两听/一感觉/半帮助】 四看： see /watch / notice /kook at 三使役：make/ let/have（使役动词） 两听：hear/listen to + sb. + do sth. 听见某人干某事 +doing sth.) 听见某人正在干某事（感官动词） 一感觉： feel 半帮助： help sb. do /to do sth.帮助某人干某事固定短语和句式：why not / why dont sb do sth should /had better / ought to /can (等情态动词)+do sth please /would you please+do sth would rather do sth E.g: Would you give me a cup of tea? 4. 有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish， mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。（想享受练习完成，建议继续丢失）e.g: Do you mind me opening the window? 5有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同e.g: forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)类似的还有：stop to do sth/doing sth; remind to do sth/doing sth; go on to do sth/doing sth; Awear to do sth/doing sth;【经典习题】1. He put one of his_（手指）into his mouth to show that he needed food.2.You can hardly imagine a man _friends with a volleyball. A. make B. making C.to make D. made3. We all agreed_ (go) on a school trip this weekend.4. Did you notice anyone_ (take) away my bag?5.Can you help us_ (finish) the work?【知识点四】表语（Predicative）用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be+感官动词（look， sound，feel，smell， taste）+变化（become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run）+持续（keep，remain，stay，lie，stand）等。e.g: They are workers. The story is very interesting.She is at home. I feel terrible. 【经典习题】1.When I unhappy , my friend felt sad, too.2.The day is (become) longer and longer .3.Everything is _(安静) and still at night.【知识点五】定语（attribute）多为形容词或名词词组，在句法上从属于它所修饰的词或短语。一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。e.g: My sisters brown dog This is a red car . There is something wrong with my computer. something to drink. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.He is reading an article about how to learn english.【习题精讲】1.The dress is made of silk. It_ smooth.A. is felt special B. is felt specially C. feels special D. feels especially【解析】这类题型主要需要分析形容词与副词的用法。形容词主要是用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受；副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。该题主要是修饰形容词smooth，所以应用副词，答案为D。2.-Did you enjoy yourself at the party? -Yes. Ive never been to _ one before. A. a more exciting B. the most excited C. a more excited D. the most exciting 【解析】根据题意，该题主要修饰的是代词one，应用形容词修饰，而该代词是指物，应用exciting，所以答案选A。【经典习题】1. 患难见真情。 2. People use _(现代的) machines to do much work. 3. It will be _(多云的) tomorrow, wont it? 【知识点六】 状语（adverbial）用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。e.g: Thank you very much.(程度状语，修饰副词） I get up at five in the morning.（时间状语，修饰动词） He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. (目的状语） They often draw in the park.(地点状语) Recently , the song is becoming more and more popular.(修饰整个句子） You are so kind to help me with my homework.（修饰形容词）【经典习题】1.The price of almost everything has gone up quickly_（最近）2.The poor _ woman lived _ in a small house. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely3. The horse cant run_ it did years ago.A. as faster as B. so fast than C. as fast as D. as fastest as【知识点七】补语（complement）跟在一个动词后的一个或几个单词共同组成的谓语结构 (多为不定式或介词短语)，用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。（宾语与宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）e.g: 1.名词（代词）+不定式 John asks me to help him. let him go home. 2.名词（代词）+ 分词(Ving 表主动，Ved 表被动）I found him standing at the gate. Lily give me a book written by Mo yan.3. 名词（代词）+名词 We elect him our chairman. they made him captain the ship.4. 名词（代词）+形容词 I found her busy. I think the story interesting .【经典习题】1.We are all _ in the game _Travel in Space. A. interested; is called B. interesting; called C. interesting; calling D. interested; called2. -Have you discussed this problem with your parents _? -Yes, I have _ discussed it with them. A. already, yet B yet; yet C. yet; never D. yet; already 同位语（appositive）重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。由名词、名词性词语、从句等充当，放在被修饰词后。2、 The sentences structures 句子基本结构(5种) 主语+谓语（vi.） I work./ I sleep. 主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语 I study english. 主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语+宾语补足语 I study english at home. 主语+谓语（vt.）+间接宾语+直接宾语 Lily lend me a book. 主语+系动词（be）+表语 Lily is a girl.【课后练习】A单词拼写1. We_（提供） lots of food and clothes for the children every year. 2. Every year, a lot of t_ travel to Beijing. 3. I like English w_ my sister likes Russian. 4. Can you understand the i_ of protecting the wetlands?5. Please d_ how the accident happened. 1. He practices every day in order_ (.win) the game. 2. The story made me_ (feel) sad. 3. We all agreed_ (go) on a school trip this weekend. 4. Can you help us_ (finish) the work? 5. I often listen to him_ (play) the guitar. 6. _ (sell) all his goods, he walked a long way. 7. Let me_ (read) it for you if you cannot see it clearly. 8. My father wants me_ (wait) for him here. 9. Did you notice anyone_ (take) away my bag? 10._ (get) a good job, he has to study hard day and night.B. 单项选择。 ( )1. - Why is Zhalong Nature Reserve important? - Because it can provide food and cover _wildlife. A. to Bin Con Dfor ( )2. _animals are in danger because there is_ space for them. A. More and more; less and less B. More and more; more and more C. Less and less; more and more D. Less and less; less and less ( )3. She invited her English friends_ her wedding. A. to attending B. to