定语从句关系代词讲解课件.ppt

定语从句 TheAttributiveClause 先来看几个相关术语1 定语2 定语从句3 先行词4 关系词 1 定语 定语用来限定 修饰名词或代词的 是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语或句子 汉语中常用 的 表示 acleverboyTheboilingwaterFallenleavesThemanwhoyouarelookingfor 2 定语从句 修饰某一名词或代词的从句 DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning Whatisthefunctionoftheunderlinedpart Tomisahandsomeboy Thelittleboyneedsabluepen Theboyintheclassroomneedsapen ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina Themanstandingthereismyteacher Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前 作前置定语 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后 作后置定语 定语从句 一个句子充当定语 3 先行词 4 关系词 关系代词that which who whom whose as关系副词where when why等 关系词常有3个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepen 先行词 关系词 定语从句 先行词 被修饰限定的词 关系词 引导定语从句的词 定语从句 一个句子充当定语 Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves Hewholaughslastlaughsbest Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit 自助者天助 谁笑到最后 谁笑得最好 世上无难事 只怕有心人 Guessthemeaningofthefollowingproverbs Allthatglitters 闪光 isnotgold HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman 闪闪发光的不一定是金子 不到长城非好汉 Somesentenceswithattributiveclauseinthetext 1 Then laterthatafternoon anotherbigquake shookTangshan 2 Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose andtoburythedead whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstone whoweretrapped Butthepeopleinthecity wenttosleepasusualthatnight ItwasheardinBeijing whothoughtlittleoftheseevents whichismorethan200kilometersaway Ahugecrack cutacrosshouses roadsandcanals Thenumberofpeople reachedmorethan400 000 thatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide whowerekilledorinjured Description HeisaChinese HeplaysanimportantpartinNBA HewasborninShanghai Shanghaiisaninternationalcity Heisagoodman Peoplealllikehim Peopleareproudofhim Heisafamousbasketballplayer HiswifeisYeLi Helovesbasketball Heplaysbasketballverywell HeisaChinese HeplaysanimportantpartinNBA HeisaChinesewho thatplaysanimportantpartinNBA 变为定语从句 HewasborninShanghai Shanghaiisaninternationalcity HewasborninShanghaiwhich thatisaninternationalcity summary 主语 人 物 who that which that Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands Themanwhoisnexttoussellsvegetable Tomisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致 were was Heisagoodman Peoplealllikehim Peopleareproudofhim Heisagoodmanwhom thatpeopleareproudof Heisagoodmanwhom thatpeoplealllike Heisagoodmanofwhompeopleareproud Or Helovesbasketball Heplaysbasketballverywell Helovesbasketballwhich thatheplaysverywell summary 宾语 人 物 whom that who 省略 which that 省略 Heisafamousbasketballplayer HiswifeisYeLi HeisafamousbasketballplayerwhosewifeisYeLi Hehasawife HernameisYeLi HehasawifewhosenameisYeLi Theroomismine Theroom swindowfacessouth Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine summary 定语 人 物 whose whose 关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以 whom who which that whose 何时可以省略 做宾语时可以省略 从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子 1 Theseason followsspringissummer that who 不填 2 ThisisthemuseumwevisitedlastSaturday that whom 不填 3 TheboyJohnisspeakingwithismybrother which whom 不填 4 Thebuilding wallsarewhiteismyuncle shouse which whose 不填 练习巩固 that that 不填 whom 不填 whose 5 Willyoupleaselendmethebook youboughtyesterday which that whose 6 Thegirl legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital who whom whose 7 Thestudent theteacherpraiseattheclassmeetingisourmonitor which whom whose 8 Ifoundsomephotosoftouristsites werenotfarawayfromourcity which that 不填 which that whose whom which that 看图填句 Theman isLiuxiang whoranfastest Liuxiangistheman whoranfastest aboy hasascar forehead HarryPorterisaboy who thathasascaronhisforehead xinjiisacity Xinji acity developfast which thatdevelopsfast 基础练习 1 Isthatthehouse youboughtlastyear A whereB which2 Isthatthepicture youarelaughingat A whichB where3 Itisthemostinterestingbook I lleverread A whichB that B B A 4 Thestreet istotheparkisverynarrow A whereB which5 Theperson findsmywatchwillgetareward A whoB when6 Thisistheroom welistenedtothelecture A whichB where B A B 7 Theboy motherisillcannotcometotheparty A whoB whose8 Tellmethereason youarelate A whichB why B B 翻译1 他指给我看他丢钱包的地方 2 我不认识那个和你说话的女孩 3 她是一个叫玛丽的女孩 Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet Idon tknowthegirlwhom thatyouspeakto SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary 4 那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友 Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends 关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换 但哪些情况只能用that 考点一 只用that 不用which 1 all little much few none everything nothing something anything等不定代词作先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时 Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone 2 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina 3 先行词前有theonly thevery thesame theright等修饰时 4 先行词既有人也有物5 主句以which who what开头的疑问句 Whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter 有哪些情况关系代词不用that 而用which who whom 考点二 只用which 不用that 有机器的房间是车间 Theroom thereisamachineisaworkshop Theroom thereisamachineinisaworkshop inwhich which that 一 非限制性定语从句 二 用在介词后 Ihavelostthepen Ilikeverymuch which 1 在非限制性定语从句中 指事物用which 指人用who或whom Hemadethesamemistakesagain madehisparentsveryangry YesterdayIboughtadictionary costmemorethan100yuan MrSmith gaveatalkseveralmonthsago willcomeagain Myunclehascomebackfromabroad Ihaven tmetforalongtime which which who whom Fillintheblanks 1 Herbag inwhichsheputallhermoney hasbeenstolen 2 Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars 3 XiaoWang withwhomIwenttotheconcert enjoyedhimselfverymuch 2 在介词后面 指事物用which 指人用whom 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语 如 Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich 或 ofwhich the 名词 如 Thenovelwhosetitle thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle isRedandBlackisveryinteresting whose引导的定语从句 其先行词既可以指人也可以指物 whose的先行词指人时 可用ofwhom代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhom 或 ofwhom the 名词 如 Theboywhosemother themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother isadoctorismyfriend Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhomintheworld that 2 Thedressisnew Sheiswearingit Thedresswhichsheiswearingisnew that 1 Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld Wemetheryesterday 巩固练习 1 用定语从句合并句子 3 Heisthekindperson Ihaveeverworkedwithhim 4 Thisisthebestfilm Ihaveeverseenthisfilm HeisthekindpersonwhoIhaveeverworkedwith whomthat ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen 四 介词 which whom引导的定语从句 1 介词的选用原则 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定 ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars 2 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定 IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere 2 当介词放在关系代词前面时 关系代词只能用whom 指人 或which 指物 且关系代词不能省略 Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor Ican tfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting 3 当介词位于定语从句末尾时 可用which that 指物 who whom that 指人 作从句中介词的宾语 而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略 whom who that which that Dadisaperson Icaneasilytalkto Isthistheplay youweretalkingaboutjustnow 4 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中 由于动词和介词不可分割 因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前 如 Thisisthewatch that which Iamlookingfor Thebabies who whom that thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy 5 先行词是theway 意为 方式 方法 时 引导定语从句的关系词用that inwhich或省略 Ididn