名词性从句讲义.docx

名词性从句一、 主语从句1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. _句It is in the morning that the murder took place. _句二者的区别是：_真题（09年天津卷）7. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that（08年全国卷2）20. It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词从句It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) it is 形容词从句It is natural that 很自然It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) it is 不及物动词从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4) it 过去分词从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实真题：（05年上海卷）38. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week._ (判断对错)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. _(3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：That he failed in the examination occurred to him._It occurred to him that he failed in the examination._(4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not._Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter._(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is that will rain in the evening likely?_Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? _4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.真题（10年北京卷）33._ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How(08年上海) 36. It has been proved _eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. A. if B. because C. when D. that二、 宾语从句1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如： I heard that he joined the army.=_(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： 1) She did not know _ had happened. 2) I wonder_ you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 真题（10年天津卷）14. As a new graduate, he doesnt know_ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which（04年北京）31. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. thatB. as C. whyD. when2. 作介词的宾语 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 4. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.真题：14. The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.(10年全国卷2)A. this B. that C. one D. it 5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句”结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 翻译为_真题（2002全国）24. The mother didn t know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what(04年广东)23.1 have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom三、表语从句1、 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后2、 一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。3、 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。4、 引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is_ we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is_we cant get the support of the people. 3) The reason he is late for school is_ he missed the early bus.真题（10年北京）32. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was_ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether（10年江苏）35.-I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. -Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what四、同位语从句 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导 The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 真题（09年江西）33. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）真题（06年安徽）29A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthdayAif Bwhen Cthat Dwhich（05年浙江）15. Danby left word with my secretary _he would call again in the afternoon. Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich(10年全国2) 16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what名词性从句习题1.（10福建35） We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether2.（10湖南35） Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 3.（10天津14）As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which 4.（10北京） _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How5（10浙江1）How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, you want. Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever 6（10浙江9）It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 7.（10上海36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why 8. （10湖北74） The news _（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall) 9. （10山东26） Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which10.（10上海37）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _ .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering11（10四川14）How much one enjoys hims