定语从句 II.doc

定语从句（II）关系副词： when, where, why引导的定语从句（一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。例：China is the only country Wild pandas can be found in China.This is the house _ I lived two years ago. 注意：1. 关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。例： The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The house where LuXun once lived is being repaired now. =The house _ LuXun once lived is being repaired now.2. 若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。 例： The library where I studied in the morning is very beautiful.The library that/ which you visited yesterday was built in 1990. 3. 如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。 例： Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 【典型例题】1. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 2. Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where3. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 4. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.A. where B. there C. which D. when （二）关系副词when引导的定语从句when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例：The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.注意：1. 关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。例：I still remember the time when (during which ) I lived in the countryside. 2. 若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。例：Ill never forget the time that / which I spent on campus. 【典型例题】1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since2. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which 3. Ill never forget the time_ was spent with you.（三）关系副词why 引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：reason，excuse ，explanation等。例：The reason why he didnt come to the party is that he didnt want to see Jane.We cant accept the excuse why you were absent. This is the explanation why they put off the meeting.注意：1. 关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for +which ”引导的定语从句。例：This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.2. 若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。例：The reason that/ which she gave was not true.【典型例题】1. The reason _ he didnt come was that he was ill.2. The reason _ he explained is not true.（四）判断关系代词与关系副词。 方法：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one2. This is the mountain village _ I visited last year.3. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.4. This is the mountain village _ I stayed in last year.归纳：关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、宾语时，选择关系代词 ；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。（五）以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句，如果先行词way在定语从句中做状语，通常以inwhich或that或不填引导，例如;1)Idontliketheway_that/ in which/ _youlaughather.即学即用：1) Yesterday my physics teacher set such a difficult exam problem _ none of us worked out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which2) Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends.A. which B. that C. whom D. them3).Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.4).Thisisthefactory_wework.5).Ishallneverforgetthedays_wespenttogetherinthatbeautifulvillage6).Ishallneverforgetthedays_we were little children.7). I dont believe the reason_ he was late.8). I dont believe the reason_ he gave his teacher.9). I dont like the way_ you speak with your mother.A. why B. that C. which D. what定语从句（III）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。Our English teacher is her sister who studied in America.Our English teacher is her sister, who studied in America.区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。区别四：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句: 先行词只能是名词或代词非限定性定语从句: 先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子如：He has a good teacher who is from America. (which指代 a good teacher)He has a good teacher, who is from America. (which指代 a good teacher)Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)区别六：关系词不同关系词that，不用于非限制性定语从句；why在非限制性定语从句中用for which 代替。另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。1. She heard a terrible noise,_ frightened her.A. that B. which C. what D. who2. She heard a terrible noise_ frightened her.A. that B. / C. what D. who3. I had told them the reason, _ I didnt attend the meeting.A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why4. I had told them the reason _ I didnt attend the meeting. A. when B. which C. why D. for that定语从句（IV） as引导定语从句的用法1、as引导限制性定语从句时，常与such或the same连用，构成the sameas; suchas, as/so.as结构，as用于代替指人或物的先行词。例如：I have never eaten such tasty foods as she cooked me.I have got into the same trouble as he (has).You can stay here as long as you like.Things do not go on as smoothly as we hoped.试比较 the sameas和 the samethat：This is the same book as I read last week.（这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。）This is the same book that I read last year. （这就是我上周读的那本书。）2、引导非限制性定语从句与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1) 关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句时，用于代替整个主句，意思是“正如”， which没有“正如之意”2) as从句位置较之which引导的非限制性定语从句更加灵活，因而as从句可以放在主句_,_还可以放在_，which一般在主句后。例如： As you have hoped, the test is cancelled.The test, as you have hoped, is cancelled.The test is cancelled, as you have hoped.He studies hard, which led him to success.He failed to pass the exam again, as is predicted.He failed to pass the exam again, which annoyed his mother greatly.记住以下的as结构：as is known to all (众所周知)，as is often the case (情况常常如此)，as is reported (正如所报道的)， as often happens (这种情况常常发生)，as has been said before (如前所述)，as is mentioned (正如已经指出的)，as will be shown in ( 将在中指出)，as is hoped ( 正如所希望的)即学即用：判断下列句子的正误1. As is often the case, he is absent.2. Which is often the case, he is absent.3. He saw the girl, as he had hoped.4. He saw the girl, Which he had hoped.Homework：一单项选择【2012全国卷II】 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when【2012安徽】29. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this【2012重庆】29. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what【2012陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what【2012山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.A. them B. that C. which D. what【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which【2012江西】28. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. that【2012四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【2012浙江】9. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 二阅读理解AHOW TO BOOK By phone:Call Ticketmaster 24 hr Booking Line on 0844 847 2484Online:www.PalaceandOperaH.ukor www.ticketmaster.co.ukIn Person:The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre,Oxford Street. Manchester,Ml 6FT(Mon Sat 10am-8pm)By Post:Stating the performance and choice of seats ,enclosing（附寄）a cheque , postal order ,or your credit card details to The Palace Theatre Ticket Centre , Oxford Street , Manchester , Ml 6FT . Please enclose a stamped addressed envelope. Save pounds on tickets NOW!Join Live Nations Card for just 30 a year and enjoy a whole range of discounts and benefits .Youll save money from the first time you use your Live Cardnot just on tickets ,but on programmes and reduced booking fees . Live Card members often join the audience on opening nights or enjoy generous discounts throughout the run of a show.Call 0844 499 6699 to join Live Card today. By getting together as a group of 10 or more you can save money on tickets for your favourite shows.Group bookers benefit from a direct free telephone booking line, and dont pay booking fees .Invitations to parties and book-now-pay-later progammes are all part of our great service to group bookers.Join the hundreds of people already taking advantage of our group booking.Call 0800 587 5007 to talk to one of our group booking assistants about your group visit to the Palace Theatre or Opera House.For further information please call 0161 245 6609.46If you want to join Live Card to save money on tickets, you can call A0844 847 2484 B0800 587 5007C0844 499 6699 D0161 245 660947How can you pay for a ticket when you book by post?ABy visiting the website of a post officeBBy going to your local bank in personCBy enclosing your Live Card in an envelopeDBy providing your credit card information48What benefit can group bookers enjoy according to the text? 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