定语从句教案.doc

个性化教案定语从句适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域江苏译林牛津版教材课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟 知识点定语从句的分类定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系副词 教学目标知识：1、 掌握定语从句的类型及特点。2、 掌握定语从句常见关系代词和关系副词。3、掌握定语从句的用法要点。方法：要牢记各种定语从句的构成特点与作用，并能灵活运用。能力：1、 根据各种定语从句的特点辨别句子类型。2、 能通过句子成分和语境判断定语从句的关系词。教学重点1、 定语从句的作用与判断方法。 2、 定语从句的关系代词、关系副词。3、 不同类型定语从句的特点和特殊用法。教学难点1、 定语从句的句子分析方法和关系词的正确使用。2、 定语从句的常见考点及易错点。教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学内容，主要包括五种简单句的类型和基本句子成分的分析方法（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对形容词具体用法的分析扩展和定语的作用导入本节课所要学习的定语从句。检查本节课预习作业。二、知识讲解知识点1： 定语从句的定义及相关术语。1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 那个同我父亲握手的人是个警察。该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。知识点2：关系代词的用法。1. 【考查点】关系代词的作用。1）who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。如：That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2）whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。如：The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。【注意】关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。如：The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 你刚见到的那个人是我的老朋友。3）which 指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，做宾语时常可省略。如：He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。4）that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如：The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。5）whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。如：He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。【注意】指物时，常用下列结构来代替。如：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.门坏的那个教室会很快被修理。6）as指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如：As has been discovered, parents should care about their children more when they are young. 人们发现，父母应在孩子年幼之时给他们更多的关爱。3. 【考查点】“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。如：The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。【注意】1）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。2）若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。如：The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. 刚才和你聊天的人是我的邻居。3）“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。知识点3：关系副词的用法。1. 【考查点】关系副词的作用。1）when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。2）where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。3）why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如：I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。【注意】关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示：when=表示时间的介词+which，where=表示地点的介词+which，why=表原因的介词+which。如：From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。知识点4：比较限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1） 限制性定语从句不需用逗号“，”与主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译成先行词的定语：“的”如：China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。2）非限制性定语从句需用逗号“，”与主句隔开。只是对先行词的补充说明，如果删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思，通常译成主句的并列句。如：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。【注意】区分下列几组句子的不同含义：All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）4. 【易错点】限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况。1）当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。【注意】当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2）当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。4）当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。【注意】当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？6）当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。5. 【易错点】which和as的比较。1）相同点：两者都可替代整个主句的内容，而不只是主句中的一个词。2）不同点：which引导非限制性定语从句时只能放在主句之后，as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、主句中或主句后。如：As is known to all, the earth travels round the sun.The earth travels round the sun, as/which is known to all.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。从句在主句之后只能用which的情况：当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which。如：He didnt turn up, which was unexpected (not expected). 他没有到场，这是大家意料之外的。从句在主句之后只能用as的情况：当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。【注意】当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。as多用于一些习惯表达中：as is well known=as is known to all众所周知；as has been discussed正如之前讨论的；as often happens正如经常发生的那样；as was reported正如报道的那样；as we have expected正如我们所预料的那样如：Jason has won the first prize, as is often the case.像经常发生的那样，杰森又得了一等奖。8. 【易错点】定语从句中的主谓一致。1）which, as引导修饰主句内容的非限制性定语从句时，若which, as做从句的主语，从句谓语动词用单数形式。如：He can speak five foreign languages, which was unexpected to all the people present.他会五门外语，这是在场所有人意想不到的。As has been discovered by scientific experiments, music plays an important role in the development of childrens intelligence.科学实验表明，音乐对于儿童智力发展有着重要影响。2）one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式，the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式，not the only one of=one of。如：James is one of the world-famous basketball players that draw lots of fans.詹姆斯是吸引大批球迷的世界著名篮球运动员之一。He is the only one of those excellent scientists that has won the special prize. 在那些杰出的科学家中，他是唯一一个获得特殊奖项的科学家。三、例题精析【例题1】The house _the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.A. that B. where C. what D. when 【答案】：A【解析】： 本题考查定语从句。那个资本家以前住的房子现在是个育幼院。先行词是house，从句中live in后面缺宾语，所以要用关系代词that，故选A。【例题2】This is the last time _I shall come here to help you.A. that B. which C. when D. what 【答案】：C【解析】： 本题考查定语从句。这是最后一次我来帮你了。先行词是time，从句中缺少时间状语，故选C。【例题3】My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _was very kind of them.A. who B. that C. which D. whom 【答案】：C【解析】： 本题考查定语从句。我的邻居过去经常在我需要时帮忙，他们非常善良。非限制性定语从句中可用which来指代前面一整句话，故选C。【例题4】I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way_he does.A. which B. what C. D. now 【答案】：C【解析】： 本题考查定语从句。我现在知道毛给所有见过他的人留下深刻印象的方式了。主句中way做先行词时，可用in which, that或/引导，故选C。【例题5】This is the baby _tomorrow.A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look afterC. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after 【答案】：B【解析】： 本题考查定语从句。这就是明天我将要照看的孩子。主句中先行词是baby，从句中look after缺少宾语，要用关系代词whom，look after是固定短语，不能分开，故选B。四、课堂运用【基础】1. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and ways of doing things, _is often the case in other countries.A. that B. so C. what D. as 2. -When is your husbands birthday? -The same day of my birthday, _ I cant forget.A. that B. when C. which D. it 3. The hours _ the children spend in their one way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people.A. that B. when C. in which D. on which4. Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm _few citizens had ever experienced before.A. and it was B. asC. that D. which【巩固】5. -Why am I so slow at doing the close test? -I guess you didnt realize the use _ the contexts.A. you should have made of B. you must have made fromC. of which you could have from D. out of which you need make 6. She was no longer the woman _she was.A. that B. which C. what D. who 7. Thats the hotel _last year.A. which we stayed B. at that we stayed C. Where we stayed at D. where we stayed 【拔高】8. The doctor did all _to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do 9. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A .that againsts B. that against C. who is againstD. who are against 10. The place _ you are standing used to be an old church.A. which B. where C. that D. when 答案及解析：1. D本题考查非限制性定语从句。英国人对不同的文化和做事方法不熟悉，就像在其他国家经常发生的情形。非限制性定语从句可用as引导，译为“正如.”。2. C本题考查非限制性定语从句。你丈夫生日是哪天？跟我一天，我不会忘记的。从句中forget缺少宾语，需用关系代词，且这是非限制性定语从句，故选C。3. A本题考查定语从句。孩子们看电视时所形成的与电视间单向关系花费的时间无疑会影响他们与现实生活中人们之间的关系。先行词是hours，从句中spend后面却少宾语，要用关系代词that。4. B本题考查定语从句。北京遭受了一场很少有人经历过的严重沙尘暴。主句中先行词用such修饰，such as为固定短语，故选关系代词as，答案为B。5. A考查定语从句。主句中先行词是use，这里考查短语make use of，意为利用，不能分开，从句中make缺少宾语，应用关系代词，且可以省略，故选A。6. A考查定语从句。她不再是过去那个女人了。主句中先行词woman做表语，从句中she was后面同样缺少表语，需用关系代词that，故选A。7. D本题考查定语从句。那就是我们去年住的宾馆。主句中先行词是hotel，从句中we stayed缺地点状语，需用关系副词where，故选D。8. B本题考查定语从句。主句中先行词是all，从句中he could缺宾语，可用关系代词并省略，故选B。9. A考查定语从句。任何反对这一观点的人可以讲出来。主句中先行词是不定代词anyone，要用关系代词that，故选A。10. B考查定语从句。你站的那个地方过去是一座老教堂。先行词是place，从句中缺少地点状语，故选B。课程小结本节课主要围绕定语从句的基本要点进行讲解，即：定于从句的概念、分类，定语从句的连接词和特殊句式中定语从句的用法。需要重点掌握的是定于从句的判断及如何根据语境选择正确的关系词。此外，与定语从句相关的知识点可能涉及主谓一致、与其他从句的区分等语法要点，尤其是在单选和任务型阅读等题型中，因此这一考点需要重要掌握。近年高考对语法点的考查往往是结合在语境中的，因此，学生在做题过程中需要分析句子结构，结合语境判断题目，灵活地运用语法知识。课后作业【基础】1.Sheshowedhernewwatchtomywife,_waskeptinabox. A.who B.which C.that D.it 2.Itsoneofthemostimportantmeetings_theseyears. A.thathasbeenheldB.whichhasbeenheld C.thathavebeenheldD.whichhaveheld3. She hasnt got enough money _ to buy the rings. A. for which B. with which C. that D. which 4. Carol said that the work would be well done by the end of October, _personally I wondered completely.A. which B. at which C. in which D. about which【巩固】5. Another unmanned spacecraft Shenzhou”, _china greets the 21st century, marks new progress in the centurys space program.A. for which B. from which C. in which D. with which6. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 7. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black. A. which B. which of C. its D. whose 【拔高】8. In the past, Germany was divided into several states, _ Prussia was the most important and powerful.A. of which B. about which C. in which