宾语从句常见考点分析.doc

宾语从句常见考点分析宾语从句是一种名词性从句。在复合句中作及物动词、介词或者形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。中考题经常从宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态以及直接引语变间接引语等方面进行考查。一 宾语从句的引导词（一）语法链接1.当宾语从句是由陈述句变来时，引导词要用that，that无意义，在非正式文体中常省略。如：He says (that) he will go skating tomorrow.2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时，引导词要用if/whether“是否”。如： Linda asked me if/whether I had a great time yesterday.3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变来时，要用原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作引导词。常见的特殊疑问词有：连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how 如：I dont know when well leave. 4. 宾语从句在介词之后，或者与or not 连用时，通常用whether不用if。如：Theyre talking about whether they will join the club. He asked the teacher whether she should do to the museum by bike or not.（二）中考题例析He asked me _ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.（2008陕西）A. that B. if C. how D. what二 宾语从句的语序（一）语法链接宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其它或者是引导词（作宾语从句的主语）+谓语+其它。如： I wonder when he will come back? 我想知道他什么时候回来？ Do you know who invented the computer? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？（二）中考题例析Do you know _? Sorry, I dont know. （2008湖北武汉） A. where does Jimmy work B. where Jimmy works C. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do三 宾语从句的时态（一）相关语法链接1.当主句是一般现在时时，后面的宾语从句应根据实际使用任何合适的时态。如：I know they had a great time last Sunday. I hope they will have a great time next week.2.当主句是一般过去时时，后面的宾语从句要用过去的某一时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）如： He said he had left his backpack at home. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3.当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.The teacher told his children the moon travels around the earth.（二）中考题例析Do you know _ for Shanghai last night? At 9:00. （2008北京）A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leave C. what time he left D. what time did he leave四 宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语（一）相关语法链接直接引语变间接引语总体上属于宾语从句的范畴，直接引语是引用别人的原话，间接引语是转述别人的话，直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的变化规则基本一致，除了应该注意宾语从句的引导词、时态、语序三大方面外，还要特别注意人称、时间、地点等的变化。如：1. “What subject do you like best?” Mr. Wang asked Bill. (改为间接引语)Mr. Wang asked Bill what subject he liked best. 2. He said to me, “Im going to play tennis tomorrow.” (改为间接引语) He told me that he was going to play tennis the next day. （二）中考题例析A: He said, “Are you interested in English?”（改为同义句）B: He asked me _ I _ interested in English. (2008湖北孝感)五 中考题闯关1. I think its going to be a problem.Yes, it could be. I wonder_ we can do about it. (2008湖北十堰 ) A. what B. howC. if D. that 2. Can you tell me_ ? （2008天津） Yesterday. A. when did he buy the carB. where did he buy the car C. when he bought the car D. where he bought the car3.“Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday?”Father asked me. (改为复合句)Father asked me _ _ _going to watch the football match the next Sunday.中考题集： 1. Could you tell me _? I have something interesting to tell him. A. where is Li Hong B. where Li Hong is C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to 2. I want to know _. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3. He asked me _. A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me 4. Do you still remember _ at the meeting? A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said 5. Do you know _ over there? A. what happens B. what was happened C. what is happening D. what did happen 6. - Do you know _ we will arrive at your hometown? - This afternoon. A. when B. why C. if D. where 7. Could you tell me _? A. which room he lives B. which room he lived C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in 8. - Do you know _ he is? - He says “1.75 metres”, but Im not sure. A. how many B. how old C. how far D. how tall 9. She said she _ me five letters in one month. A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote 10. I dont know _ he still lives here. A. where B. what C. when D. whether 11. She wanted to know _ her mother liked the present. A. which B. that C. if D. what 12. Do you know if _ back next week? If he _ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come （宾语从句系列）直接引语改为间接引语知识讲解间接引语的实质就是宾语从句: 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语时应注意以下“四要素”。一. 连词的选择1. 直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that连接（that可以省略）。He says, “I will have a try.” He says（that）he will have a try.2. 直接引语为一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语用if/whether连接。He asked me, “Have you finished you work？” He asked me if/whether I had finished my work.3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语由原句中的特殊疑问词连接。注意：此时的间接引语已变成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，故从句应用陈述语序。Sue asked me, “Where do you live？” Sue asked me where I lived.4. 直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语则变成一个不定式短语（否定式则在其前加not），同时根据语气选用适当的谓语动词，如：ask，tell，order等。He said to me, “Pass me the ruler, please.” He asked me （not）to pass him the ruler.5. 直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语由原句中的what/how连接，语序不变。John said, “What a beautiful day it is！” John said what a beautiful day it was.二. 时态的变化当引述动词（即引起间接引语的动词）为过去时态时，间接引语的时态一般往前推一步。时态变化和举例如下：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时过去完成时Li Lei said, “Im sure about it.” Li Lei said that he was sure about it .Helen said, “Ive finished writing the report.” Helen said that she had finished writing the report.注意： 1、表示不变的真理和事实或引语中有时间状语时，间接引语中的动词时态不变。Mr. Brown said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.” Mr. brown told us that the earth goes around the sun.The Smiths said, “We came in 1998.” The Smiths said that they came in 1998.2、如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask tell, order sb to do sth这一结构进行转换。3、如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask tell, order sb not to do sth这一结构进行转换。4、如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must，变为间接引语时用had to5、直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；6、直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。7、当直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时said应改为asked ，用if或whether作引导词8、如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时用疑问词引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序三. 指示代词、时间/地点状语和方向动词的变化直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语nowthenlast weekthe week beforetodaythat daynext weekthe next weekyesterdaythe day beforeheretheretomorrowthe next daythisthatagobeforethesethosethis weekthat weekcomegoSam said to me, “Come to my house tomorrow.” Sam asked me to go to his house the next day.Read said to me, “We visited the Great Wall last week.” Read told me that they had visited the Great Wall the week before.四. 语态的变化直接引语改为间接引语，时态须作相应变化，但语态不变。The shopkeeper said, “This book has been sold out.” The shopkeeper said（that）that book had been sold out.直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（1）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.