河北省秦皇岛高考英语阅读理解暑假训练（12）.doc

河北省秦皇岛2016高考英语阅读理解暑假训练（12）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。feeling blue about the world? “cheer up,” says science writer matt ridley.” the world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational, because hes carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. and this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, the rational optimist. he views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. he backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research. heres how he explains his views. 1) shopping fuels invention it is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in london alone. even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. this will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. the more we specialize and exchange, the better off well be. 2) brilliant advancesone reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood, clothing, fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper. take one example. in 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work. in the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for. in 1950 it was eight seconds. today its half second. 3) lets not kill ourselves for climate changemitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. a child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel(化石燃烧) electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. if climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks. 1. what is the theme of ridleys most recent book? a. weakness of human nature. b. concern about climate change.c. importance of practical thinking. d. optimism about human progress.2. how does ridley look at shopping? a. it encourages the creation of things. b. it results in shortage of goods.c. it demands more fossil fuels. d. it causes a poverty problem.3. the candle and lamp example is used to show that.a. oil lamps give off more light than candlesb. shortening working time brings about a happier lifec. advanced technology helps to produce better candlesd. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods4. what does the last sentence of the passage imply? a. cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.b. overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.c. peoples health is closely related to climate change. d. careless medical treatment may cause great pain.【参考答案】1-4 dadb【2013界广东省深圳市高三上期末考试】阅读理解dear kind-trustee-who-sends-orphans-to-college,here i am! i traveled yesterday for four hours in a train. its a funny feeling, isnt it? i never rode in one before.college is the biggest, most puzzling place i get lost whenever i leave my room. i will write you a description later when im feeling less confused; also i will tell you about my lessons. classes dont begin until monday morning, and this is saturday night. but i wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted.it seems strange to be writing letters to somebody you dont know. it seems strange for me to be writing letters at all ive never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind. before leaving yesterday morning, mrs. lippett and i had a very serious talk. she told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. i must take care to be very respectful.but how can one be very respectful to a person who wishes to be called john smith? why couldnt you have picked out a name with a little personality? i might as well write letters to dear flagpole or dear clothes-line.i have been thinking about you a great deal this summer; having somebody take an interest in me after all these years makes me feel as though i had found a sort of family. it seems as though i belonged to somebody now, and its a very comfortable feeling. i must say, however, that when i think about you, my imagination has very little to work upon. there are just three things that i know: i, you are tall. . you are rich. . you hate girls.i suppose i might call you dear mr. girl-hater. only thats rather rude to me. or dear mr. rich-man, but thats rude to you, as though money were the only important thing about you. besides, being rich is such a very external quality. maybe you wont stay rich all your life; lots of very clever men get broke in wall street. but at least you will stay tall all your life! so ive decided to call you dear daddy-long-legs. i hope you wont mind. its just a private pet name we wont tell mrs. lippett.the ten oclock bell is going to ring in two minutes. our day is divided into sections by bells. we eat and sleep and study by bells. its very lifeful. there it goes! lights out. good night.observe how precisely i obey rules due to my training in the john grier home.yours most respectfully,jerusha abbottto mr. daddy-long-legs smith本文是一个受赞助上大学的女孩子给自己的赞助者写的一封信。告诉对方自己刚到学校，但对学校还不熟悉。写信人的主旨是想表达自己对赞助人的感谢，但由于根本不知道对方到底是个什么样的人，在信里作者做了几个猜测，最后决定称呼对方daddy-long-legs smith，以此拉近彼此的距离。并表达了自己对现在有规律的生活感觉很好。36. jerusha felt “confused” because _.a. she had never written to the trustee beforeb. she was not familiar with the college yetc. she could never find the way to her homed. she had never traveled on a train before【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。作者在第二段第二句说到等她less confused的时候，就会写一个详细的description，结合上一句的主题，这里的description是指对大学的描述。问中还提到作者一出门就迷路，可见，是因为初到学校，对学校不熟悉，使作者感到confused，因此本题选b。37. jerusha thought that she couldnt be very respectful to “john smith” because _.a. he was a total stranger to herb. she was sure it was a false identityc. the name was too commond. nobody would like to be called that time【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。第五段第二句中的pick out 表明jerushar认为john smith这个名字是收信人自己随便挑的，也就是说，她认为这个名字是假的，因此本题应选b。第五段中，关键词是pick out。38. according to jerusha, being rich may be _.a. tentativeb. unimaginablec. traditional d. rude【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。a.实验性的，暂停的，踌躇的；b.不可思议的，难以想象的；c.传统的，惯例的；d.粗鲁的，狂暴的。jerusha讲了即使在华尔街的很多聪明人都会遇到破产（get broke）,所以在她看来，富有不一定会是一辈子的事情，可能会遇到变故而变得不富有，因此本题选a。其它三个选项都不是jerusha的想法。39. the fact that her day is “divided into sections by bells” makes jerusha feel _.a. busyb. restricted by rulesc. pressed for timed. full of energy【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。倒数第二段中的“its very lifeful.”表明jerusha认为听着铃声来安排生活使她觉得“充满活力”，由此可见，本题选d。40. jerusha decided to call the trustee dear daddy-long-legs _. a. in order to show her respect for himb. because it was one of his inner qualityc. in order to make them feel closer to each other d. because she had always wanted a father【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。倒数第三段中的“its just a private pet name”表明jerusha认为dear daddy-long-legs这个名字表示一种“爱”，“爱称”只有关系亲密的人之间使用，由此可见，jerusha使用这个称呼是为了拉近距离，因此，本题选c。【2014高考英语湖北省八校联考】阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。many years ago in a small german town, a jewish businessman had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to the moneylender. the moneylender, who was old and ugly, fancied the businessmans beautiful daughter. so he proposed a bargain.the moneylender told them that he would put a black pebble and a white pebble into an empty bag. the girl would then have to pick one pebble from the bag. if she picked the black pebble, she would become the moneylenders wife and he would forgo her fathers debt. if she picked the white pebble, she need not marry him and her fathers debt would still be forgiven. but if she refused to pick a pebble, her father would be thrown into jail.they were standing on a pebble-strewn path. as they talked, the moneylender bent over to pick up two pebbles. the sharp-eyed girl noticed that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag. he then asked the girl to pick a pebble from the bag. no doubt she was caught in a dilemma.what would you have done if you were the girl? careful analysis would produce three possibilities: 1. the girl should refuse to take a pebble.2. the girl should know that there were two black pebbles in the bag and expose the money-lender as a cheat.3. the girl should pick a black pebble and sacrifice herself in order to save her father from his debt and imprisonment.the above story is used with the hope that it will make us appreciate the difference between lateral (横向的)and logical thinking. read onthe girl put her hand into the moneybag and drew out a pebble. without looking at it, she fumbled and let it fall onto the pebble-strewn pathwhere it immediately became lost among all the other pebbles. “oh, how clumsy of me!” she said. “but never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble i picked.” since the remaining pebble is black, it must be assumed that she had picked the white one. and since the moneylender dared not admit his dishonesty, the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into an extremely advantageous one.55. the underlined word “forgo” in paragraph 2 may mean _.a. pay offb. run outc. take over d. give up56. which of the following indicates lateral thinking?a. the girl refused to take a pebble and fled at once.b. the girl exposed the cheat and found another way.c. the girl picked one pebbles and made it disappear.d. the girl picked a black pebble and accepted the result.57. it can be inferred from the passage that _. a. the girl dropped the pebble onto the path on purposeb. the girl dropped the pebble onto the path by accidentc. the girl didnt know there were two black pebbles in the bagd. the girl replaced a black pebble in the bag58. what lesson can we learn from the story? a. keeping calm when facing a difficult situation.b. thinking about a complicated problem in another way.c. thinking twice before making a final choice.d. coming up with a clever answer is easy.【参考答案】55-58dcab 2014高考英语湖北省八校联考】阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。public caught up in argument over safety of genetically modified or simply gm products, report zhang lei and zhong nan inbeijing.more than 300 people gathered to enjoy a bowl of porridge made from genetically modified food on saturday, an attempt to quell public fears about the safety of the product.the first china golden rice tasting event was held at huazhong agricultural university in wuhan, hubei province, sparking another round in the nationwide debate about the safety of gm crops, often called frankenfood by opponents.similar events have been held in more than 28 cities since may, the university said.both the pro and anti camps have posted conflicting comments on the internet, with each providing evidence to back up their beliefs, but the exchanges are becoming increasingly bitter.jiang tao, a senior engineer at the center for agricultural resources research at the chinese academy of sciences, who is in favor of gm foods, was annoyed about what he called amateurs spreading rumors.just look at the people who are opposed to gm foods; can you find anyone from a related field in the scientific community? he asked. jiang also accused the anti-gm lobby of repeatedly using outdated or inaccurate data to support an incorrect stance.chen yunfa, an independent researcher into the yangtze river delta economy, recently wrote a commentary on the internet news portal eastday in which he criticized the actions of the 61 scientists, saying they had gone beyond their proper duty. he suggested that large multinational corporations might be behind the letter and similar incidents, prompted by a desire to freeze chinas patent hybrid rice technology out of the market.to support his contentions, chen said that gm rice, first produced by scientists in the us, still hasnt gained official approval from the us government. however, the us authorities have actually granted licenses to six varieties of gm rice. the commercial planting of two varieties - anti-herbicide (bar) transgenic rice ll rice 06 and ll rice 62 - produced by the french pharmaceutical company sanofi-aventis, was approved in 1999 and a license for cultivation for edible use was granted in 2000.the public outcry for gm labeling and boycotting has hindered the advancement of the technology. concern about gm foods has been fueled by studies like the one published by french professor gilles-eric sralini in september 2012. sralini claimed that his research involving rats proved that the gm corn fed to them caused tumor growth. furthermore, there is growing concern that the pesticides(杀虫剂) used on gmos（转基因作物）are contributing to the decline of the worlds honey bee population, leading to honey bee deaths by infecting the brains of the insects with toxins. therefore, some experts recommend the labeling of non-gm foods so that consumers can make