河北省石家庄裕华区高考英语 阅读类一轮练习（3） (2).doc

石家庄裕华区2016高考英语 阅读类一轮练习（3）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。it was the first snow of winteran exciting day for every child but not for most teachers. up until now, i had been able to dress myself for recess(课间休息), but today i would need some help. miss finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at princess elizabeth school near hamilton, ontario, had been through first snow days many times in her long career, but i think she may still remember this one. i managed to get into my wool snow pants. but i struggled with my jacket because it didnt fit well. it was a hand-me-down from my brother, and it made me wonder why i had to wear his ugly clothes. at least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. finally it was time to have miss finlayson help me with my boots. in her calm, motherly voice she said, “by the end of winter, you will be able to put on your own boots.” i didnt realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence. i handed her my boots and stuck out my foot. like most children, i expected the adult to do all the work. after much wiggling and pushing, she managed to get the first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too. i announced, “theyre on the wrong feet.” with the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again. then i said, “these arent my boots, you know.” as she pulled the offending boots from my feet, she still managed to look both helpful and interested. once they were off, i said, “they are my brothers boots. my mother makes me wear them, and i hate them!” somehow, from long years of practice, she managed to act as though i wasnt an annoying little girl. she pushed and shoved, less gently this time, and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet. with a great sigh of relief, seeing the end of her struggle with me, she asked, “now, where are your gloves?”i looked into her eyes and said, “i didnt want to lose them, so i put them into the toes of my boots.” 1. according to the passage, the little girl gotfrom her brother.a. the wool snow pants and the jacket b. the jacket and the bootsc. the jacket and the hat d. the boots and the gloves2. what made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on? a. the gloves in the toes of the boots. b. the slowness of the teacher.c. the wrong size of the boots. d. the unwillingness of the girl.3. it can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to enjoy the first snow of winter, the teacher had to help her put on her boots. a. onceb. twicec. three timesd. four times4. which of the following sentences from the text best indicates that the teacher is very considerate? a. in her calm, motherly voice she said, “by the end of winter, . . .” (paragraph 2)b. with the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to. . . (paragraph 4)c. . . . , she still managed to look both helpful and interested. (paragraph 4)d. . . . , she managed to act as though i wasnt an annoying little girl. (paragraph 4)【参考答案】1-4 、badd文学赏析类(2013江西，d)mark twain has been called the inventor of the american novel.and he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.i say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the civil war.h.b.stowes uncle toms cabin is only the most famous example.these early stories dealt directly with slavery.with minor exceptions，twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.he drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.again and again，in the postwar years，twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.consider the most controversial，at least today，of twains novels，adventures of huckleberry finn.only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as huckleberry finn，twains most widely read tale.once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”more recently the book has been attacked because of the character jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(the term nigger jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)but the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.the novel is strongly antislavery.jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.as jchadwick has pointed out，the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：jim，the father and the man.”there is much more.twains mystery novel puddnhead wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.written at a time when the accepted wisdom held negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.a slave gave birth to her masters baby and，for fear that the child should be sold south，switched him for the masters baby by his wife.the slaves lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.the masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.the point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.the features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere，to twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.twains racial tone was not perfect.one is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youthmostly with white men performing in blackfaceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.yet there is no reason to think twain saw the shows as representing reality.his frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.was twain a racist？asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of lincoln.if we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.and twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.【语篇解读】 通过研究马克吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。18how do twains novels on slavery differ from stowes?atwain was more willng to deal with racism.btwains attack on racism was much less open.ctwains themes seemed to agree with plots.dtwain was openly concerned with racism.解析推理判断题。由第二段with minor exceptions，twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。答案b19recent criticism of adventures of huckleberry finn arose partly from its_.atarget readers at the bottombantislavery attitudecrather impolite languagedfrequent use of “nigger”解析细节理解题。由第三段more recently the book has been attacked because of the character jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(the term nigger jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。答案d20what best proves twains antislavery stand according to the author?ajims search for his family was described in detail.bthe slaves voice was first heard in american novels.cjim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.dtwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.解析推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。答案c21the story of two babies switched mainly indicates that_.aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersbslaves babies could pick up slaveholders way of speakingcblacks social position was shaped by how they were brought updblacks were born with certain features of prejudice解析推理判断题。由第六段第一句the point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。答案c22what does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 7 refer to?athe attacks. bslavery and prejudice.cwhite men. dthe shows.解析词义辨析题。由第七段yet there is no reason to think twain saw the shows as representing reality.his frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。答案d23what does the author mainly argue for?atwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.btwain was an admirable figure comparable to abraham lincoln.ctwains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.dtwains works should be read from a historical point of view.解析主旨大意题。该篇从马克吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。答案a阅读理解 chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. the amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world-wide. around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped（倾倒的）harmful waste. in 1989, a school in new jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）. it was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. they are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. they can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. many scientists think that waste production can be cut. the waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.1. what is mainly discussed in the text?a. the effect of every chemical.b. problems of harmful waste.c. chemicals used for industrial processes.d. events related to waste chemicals.答案解析：答案为b。本题为主旨大意题。文章先陈述工业生产过程中使用化学物产生的有害垃圾所导致的问题，并举例证明，最后探讨解决这一问题的方案。在第一段的首句 “chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句 “often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.”都是在指出有害垃圾这一严峻的问题。故答案为b。2. from the text we know that .a. chromium can poison people when there is a wind b. chromium pollution makes the local government close the school c. some governments dont realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste d. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。从第二段的第三句话 “in 1989, a school in new jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）.”可知，学校不得不被迫关闭是由于学生暴露在倾倒的垃圾铬之中，生命受到了威胁，故答案为c “ 直到人们饱受有害废弃垃圾的危害，政府才意识到问题的严重性。b选项只是文章的细节，属于表面现象；c选项真正概括了问题的本质，是通过细节推理出的总结性答案。故选c。从第二段的最后一句话 “it was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.”可知，铬威胁着人的生命是由于 “dumped nearby and blown over” 即 “倾倒而被风吹拂”, 而不仅仅由于风，故a选项错误。d选项与文章最后一句话 “the waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。3. which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?a. chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.b. people can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste.c. policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.d. people choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.答案解析：答案为a。本题考查作者的观点态度。解答此题需看清题意 “哪个选项与作者提到的解决方案最不匹配?” 从文章的最后一段最后一句话 “the waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.” 可知，b选项正确；从最后一段 “they can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.” 可知，作者的态度是号召政府与公众不买生产有害垃圾的产品；政策制定者可以生产较少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工业生产过程中使用化学物品。故c、d是正确的，a选项与作者的态度最不匹配。4. the writer of the text thinks that .a. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals b. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people c. industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much d. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals 答案解析：答案为d。本题考查作者的观点态度。结合上题分析，作者认为应该限制和减少有害化学物的生产，而不是a选项的禁止，也不是c选项的不允许生产，故a、c不正确；b选项在文章中未提及， always 一词也使得该选项太绝对，故不选。只有d选项才是作者的观点：人人都可以帮助解决有害化学物的问题。故答案为d。完形填空i was doing some lastminute christmas shopping in a toy store.a nicely dressed little girl was_1_the teddy bears beside her father_2_she saw a little boy walk in and stop in front of the pokemon toys.his jacket was obviously too small.he had money in his hand._3_，it looked no more than five dollars at most.he was with his father as well，and_4_picking up the pokemon video games.each time he showed one to his father，his father_5_his head，“no”rather_6_，the boy gave up the video games and chose a book of stickers_7_.after they walked away，the little girl ran over to the pokemon video games.she_8_picked up one lying on top of the others，and raced down toward the checkout.i picked up my purchases and_9_the girl and her father.then，much to the little girls_10_，the little boy and his father got in line_11_her and me.after the video game was paid for and bagged，the little girl_12_it back to the cashier(收银员)and_13_something to her.the cashier smiled and put the_14_under the counter(柜台)i was putting things in my bag when the little boy came up to the cashier.ther cashier said，“_15_，youre my hundredth customer today，and you win a prize！”and she handed the boy the pokemon game.the boy could only_16_in disbelief.it was，he said，_17_what he had wanted！the little girl and her father had been standing at the doorway，and i saw the biggest and_18_smile on that little girl i have ever seen in my life.i suddenly understood that the world is not_19_into the strong who care and the_20_who are cared for.we must each in turn care and be cared.【语篇解读】 圣诞节前夕，我在一家玩具店里进行圣诞购物，目睹了一个善良的小女孩帮助一个小男孩的过程。从那个小女孩的身上我明白了人们需要相互关心，互相照顾。1a.looking through bgetting throughcdressing up dtidying up解析根据文章首句“圣诞节前夕，我在一家玩具店里进行最后时刻的圣诞购物”可知，小女孩在挑选自己的玩具。look through浏览，检查；get through到达，通过；dress up盛装，乔装打扮；tidy up整理，收拾。答案a2a.while bwhen cafter donce解析正当小女孩在挑选泰迪熊时，她看见一个小男孩走进来。be doing sth when.“正在做某事时突然”。答案b3a.but btherefore chowever dot