定语从句=.ppt

Grammar AttributiveClauses定语从句 一 定义及理解 定语从句 AttributiveClauses 在复合句中做定语 修饰一个名词或代词 它的作用相当与一个形容词 因此也叫形容词性从句 被修饰的名词或代词即先行词 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后 由关系词 关系代词或关系副词 引出 分为限定性和非限定性定语从句补充 明确简单句及句子成分 Forexample Thisisabook whichtellsaboutspacetravel 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 译 这是一本有关太空旅行的书 难点 要求学生体会先行词与关系代词的关系 先行词和关系词先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 先行词 关系词 引导词 对等 代替Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme 先行词 关系词 bike 关系词的作用 既引导定语从句 又替代先行词在定语从句中充当某种成分 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 关系副词有 when where why 心得 强化九词概念 二 限定性定语从句 一 关系代词引导的限定性定语从句 关系代词which that作主语 1 Itsoundedlikeatrain 2 Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich thatwasgoingundermyhouse 关系代词which that作宾语 1 Theearthisabigball 2 Weliveontheearth Theearth which that weliveonisabigball 但要注意在以下7种情况下 指物时用that不用which 注意 1 先行词是all any everything anything nothing something much little few none theone等时 例 Thereismuchthatshouldbeused 考题 Finallythethiefhandedeverything hehadstolentothepolice A whichB whatC whateverD that D 2 当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时 考例 Wetalkedofthethingsandpersons werememberedinthecity A whoB whichC thatD they C 3 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时 无论先行词是人还是物 考例 Chinaisnolongerthecountry shewas 区分表语从句 Chinaisnolonger shewas that what 4 先行词被all any no little much every some few none theonly thevery 正是 等修饰时 1 Ihavereadallthebooks yougaveme 2 Everydictionary ourlibraryboughtisgood 3 Thisistheverybook Iamlookingfor that that that 5 当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时 考例 Thisisthemostinterestingbook Ihave read A that everB which neverC that neverD which ever A 6 先行词前有序数词修饰时 包括thelast Thefirstlesson Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten TheGreatWallisthelastplace Mr SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing that that 7 在以which who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中 Whoistheman isreadingabookthere Whichisthemagazine youborrowedfromthereadingroom that that 1 Youmaytakeanythinguseful youwant 2 Thisistheverybook I mlookingfor 3 Thisistheonlything wecando 4 Weshoulddoall isusefultothepeople 练一练 that that that that 关系代词who that作主语 1 Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday 2 YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity Yourfriendwho thatstudiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday 关系代词whom who that作宾语 1 Heistheman 2 Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman Heistheman whom that who youhavebeenwaitingfor 关系代词whose作定语 1 Doyouknowtheman 2 Theman swatchismissing Doyouknowthemanwhosewatchismissing whose n 还可以同 ofwhich 互换 即 whose n the n ofwhich ofwhich the n Pleasepassmethebook Thebook scoverisgreen Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen Pleasepassmethebookofwhichthecoverisgreen Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen 辨析 Haveyoufoundthewoman pursewaslost Haveyoufoundthewoman thepursewaslost A herB ofwhomC thatD whose D B 关系代词as作主语和宾语 在搭配上 由thesame或such所修饰的名词后通常用as作关系代词引出限定性定语从句 例如 I veneverheardofsuchamovingstory heistelling Yournewcameraisjustthesamecamera Iboughtamonthago as as 辨析 Sheissuchalovelygirlasislikedbyeverybody Sheissuchalovelygirlthatsheislikedbyeverybody 考题 Heissuchalazyman nobodywantstoworkwith A as himB that C as D whom him C 1 Thisisthehero whom who that weareproudof Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud 2 Haveyoueverreadthebook that which manyofusareinterestedin Haveyoueverreadthebookinwhichmanyofusareinterested 注意 固定动介词组不可分割 介词不能提前 例如 lookafter lookat 关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时 介词宾语只能用which代物 和whom代人 介词在末尾时 关系词可以省略 考例 1 Thisisthedictionary that which Ipaid5dollarsfor ThisisthedictionaryforwhichIpaid5dollars 2 Isthistheknife which that youarelookingfor 结论 不能拆开lookfor 易错题摘记 1 Canyoutellmetheway youworkedouttheproblem 2 辨析 Isthismuseum someforeigntouristsvisitedlastweek Isthisthemuseum someforeigntouristsvisitedlastweek A whichB thatC whereD theone Inwhich that D A B 3 辨析 Oneofthestudents beentotheUSA Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho beentotheUSA Heisoneofthestudentswho beentotheUSA has has have 结论 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时 从句的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 4 I who yourfriend willhelpyouout A isB amC are B 5 定语从句也可由 介词 whose n 结构引导 例如 Theboss companymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson A inwhoseB inwhichC whoseD that A 二 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 它和关系代词一样 具有数种作用 1 引导定语从句并在从句中代替先行词 2 在句中作状语 关系副词的用法 1 where引导的定语从句 Thehotelwasn tclean Istayedatthehotel ThehotelwhereIstayedwasn tclean ThehotelatwhichIstayedwasn tclean Thehotel that which Istayedatwasn tclean 1 where引导的定语从句 其先行词为表地点的名词 2但有时先行词不是具体的地方 而是表范围的名词 例如 Canyouthinkoutasituation thisidiomcanbeused A whichB thatC whereD withwhich 注意 C 辨析 Haveyoueverbeentotheplace wevisitedlastyear Haveyoueverbeentotheplace weworkedlastyear that which where inwhich 3 先行词是表地点的名词 其后的定语从句不一定就用where引导定语从句 关键看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分 如果作主 宾 用that或which 如果作地点状语 用where 可用 介词 which 来替换 2 when的用法 先行词应是表示时间的名词 I llneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday I llneverforgettheday that which IjoinedtheLeagueon I llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague 注意 1 when引导的定语从句 其先行词为表时间的名词 2先行词是表时间的名词 其后的定语从句不一定就用when引导 关键看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分 如果作主 宾 用that或which 如果作时间状语 用when 可用 介词 which 来替换 辨析 Doyoustillremembertheday wespenttogether Doyoustillremembertheday westayedtogether which that when onwhich 3 why引导的定语从句 1 why表原因 其先行词必为reason 例如 Thisisthereasonwhy forwhichIdidit 2 先行词是thereason 其后的定语从句不一定就用why引导 关键看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分 如果作主 宾 用that或which 如果作原因状语 用why 可用 forwhich 来替换 辨析 Isthatthereason hewaslateyesterday Isthatthereason heexplainedtousyesterday why forwhich that which 三 非限定性定语从句 例如 Sheisthenursewholooksafterthechildren 她就是照顾这些孩子的阿姨 Thisletterisfrommysister whoisworkinginafactory 这封信是我姐姐寄来的 她在工厂工作 1 限定性定语从句为先行词不可缺少的定语 省去了则主句的意思就不完整 不可用逗号与主句隔开 非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开 不可用that引导非限定性定语从句 2 as和which引导的非限定性定语从句 都可以替代整个主句 区别 1 as引导的非限定性定语从句位置比较灵活 可位于主句之前 也可位于主句之中或之后 which引导的从句只能位于主句之后 2 as常译为 正如 如同 那样 which引导的从句常表结果 Eg Heisverycareful ashisworkshows Asisknowntoall theearthisround Einstein asweknow isafamousscientist Hewaslateagain whichmadehisteacherangry 3 as在从句中作主语时 谓语动词须为系动词 如 Asisknowntoall Asisoftenthecase等 which在从句中既可作be的主语 也可作行为动词的主语 Eg Hemarriedher which aswasnatural Hesawthegirl whichdelightedhim 4 as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖 which引导的从句在意义上不受主句限制Eg mymothertreatsmelikeababy whichIcan tbear 5 which引导的非限制性定语从句 which既可以指代整个主句 也可以替代主句中的一个词 即先行词 Eg Last