河北省邯郸市高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（7） (2).docVIP

河北省邯郸市2016高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（7）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?what do you think caused this change in colour?it is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.components of soilsoil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. the upper layer is know as the litter. it acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. the topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. this layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. this layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.soil forms from the bottom up. over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. it is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. most of the soil in eastern canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.water beneath the soilsurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater. gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.as water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. this causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.soil phsoil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. the ph of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.the acidity of rain and snow can lower the ph of the groundwater that enters the soil. by burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. when fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. as nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.1. the layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called.a. litterb. topsoilc. humusd. subsoil 2. according to the text,which of the following isnot true?a. soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.b. the deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.c. air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.d. groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.3. we can infer from the passage that the water table lies.a. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerb. in the subsoil layer above bedrockc. between the subsoil layer and bedrockd. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil4. the underlined word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are.a. rushed away into the river b. cleaned and purified by waterc. destroyed and carried away by water d. mixed with water and become part of it【参考答案】1-4、bbcd社会生活类阅读理解。sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers. an attraction of sport programs for the major u.s. media companies is that events are often held on saturday and sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. this means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming. media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. the people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. they also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance. golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. these sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. however, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. it is made up of people from the highest income groups in the united states, including many lawyers and business managers. this is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high- priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. this is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high- income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. with such viewers, these programs dont need high ratings to stay on the air. 1. television sport programs on weekend afternoons_.a. result in more sport eventsb. get more viewers to play sportsc. make more people interested in televisiond. bring more money to the television networks2. why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs? a. because there would be few viewers. b. because the advertisers would be off work. c. because television programs would go slowly. d. because viewers would pay less for watching television. 3. in many families, men make decisions on.a. holiday tripsb. sports viewing c. television shoppingd. expensive purchases4. the ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because _.a. their advertisers are carmakersb. their viewers are attracted by sportsc. their advertisers target at rich peopled. their viewers can afford expensive cars5. what is the passage mainly about? a. television ratings are determined by male viewers. b. rich viewers contribute most to television companies. c. sports are gaining importance in advertising on television. d. commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events. 【参考答案】44.dadcc 阅读理解 awareness weeks （认知宣传周）have become a regular part of britains cultural landscape over the past few years . they started back in 1957, when one charity （慈善机构）, christian aid, decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year. it was thought that by doing this they would get more publicity for their cause.they were right, and soon other charities and campaign （活动）groups followed them. these days , most donations（捐款）to charity are not collected on the streets. so instead of just asking for money, charities prefer to spend their time “raising awareness” spreading knowledge of the work they do or the cause they support . they also compete with businesses and trade groups who use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns for their products.there are now 500 awareness weeks held every year in the uk. no week goes by without one group or another trying to make the british public aware of something, with most held in may or october.the danger with all these awareness weeks is that people start to become cynical(不信任). take national smile week; it seems like a great idea. lets all make each others life a little bit happier with a friendly smile. but really its just a group of dentists and cosmetics companies trying to sell us toothpaste. its enough to make you want to start national forget about it week.“people feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises,” says ms ormiston , who edits the awareness campaign register, a news letter which encourages people who run awareness weeks to become more aware of each other . “but 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditional charities or not for groups to make money.”“theres still no official group for awareness campaigns,” says ms ormiston. “people can do what they like, whatever the size of their budgets（经费）or their public relations machines allows .”this situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns. this could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation(模仿) charity campaigns.but there is another way. maybe its time for national weak awareness week, especially for people whose awareness of awareness weeks is weak.1. whats the main purpose of awareness weeks run by charities in britain?a. to raise money for charities.b. to spread knowledge of charities.c. to take up marketing campaigns.d. to advertise their goods for sale. 答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。从第一段第二句话 “decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year.”可知，答案为a。2. why do people start to become cynical about awareness weeks?a. too many awareness weeks make people feel bored.b. people feel many awareness weeks are just for marketing exercises.c. people have a weak awareness of awareness weeks.d. awareness weeks are held too often and too much money is raised. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。第四段中提到了人们开始对认知宣传周不满意，第五段中首句 “people feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises”可知，答案为b。3. what does ms ormiston think about awareness weeks?a. most of the awareness weeks should not be for making money.b. official groups should take the place of charities in awareness campaigns.c. people can do what they like in awareness weeks.d. people can get larger budgets through awareness campaigns.答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。从第五段的最后一句话 “but 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditional charities or not for groups to make money.”可知，答案为a。在第六段中ms ormiston提到认知宣传活动没有正式的群体（no official group for awareness campaigns），因而人们可以做他们想做的，不考虑到活动经费或者公共关系机器所允许的范围。故b，c，d都与文意不符。4. which of the following is the right measure to be taken to solve the problems in awareness campaigns?a. laws should stop awareness weeks run by real charities.b. there should be large public relations departments in awareness campaigns.c. business and awareness campaigns should not be held at the same place.d. marketing campaigns should not be in the name of charity ones.答案解析：答案为d。本题为推理题。从倒数第二段首句 “this situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns.”可知，要解决前面提到的问题就要制定法律来阻止真正的慈善活动被市场营销活动所过度遮蔽，言外之意就是市场营销活动不应在慈善活动的名义下进行。故答案为d。a选项与文意不符；b选项未提及。倒数第二段的第二句话 “this could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation charity campaigns.”可知，文中提到了 “different times”，而非c 选项的 “not be held at the same place”, 故c选项不正确。5. whats the writers view on awareness weeks?a. national forget about it week should be held to stop awareness weeks.b. national smile week is a great idea to improve peoples life.c. national weak awareness week can help people better understand awareness weeks.d. awareness weeks should be stopped because of marketing campaigns.答案解析：答案为c。本题考查作者的观点态度。最后一段中，作者提到 “maybe its time for national weak awareness week, especially for people whose awareness of awareness weeks is weak.”，由此可知，作者认为对那些认知宣传周意识薄弱的人要进行宣传，言外之意就是national weak awareness week可以帮助人们更好的理解认知宣传周。故答案为c。 a，b, d 都与文意不符。【2015高考复习】完形填空growing up，i always dreamed of being a professional skater.after years of hard work，i am living proof that dreams can come true.when i was born，my parents immediately noticed something_16_and the doctor said i couldnt skate.i，however，_17_trying skating in an ice rink(溜冰场)，where local skaters_18_perform ice shows.i started taking group skating lessons，and performing on ice came naturally，but i have always been_19_to speak in group settings.one thing ive never been afraid of is_20_，though.i get nervous，but never_21_.for me，skating has been about being my personal best_22_beating others on the ice.i progressed through various_23_rapidly and gave my first ice performance at seven.soon i started winning local and regional competitions.thats_24_being on the ice has always been the one place where i can_25_express my own emotions.the ice is like home.when i was nine years old i began training_26_.i would wake up at four oclock in the morning six days a week and skate for five hours.then id go to school.since_27_has always been important in my family，i had no_28_but to find creative ways to fit in school studies throughout my_29_career.after graduating from high school，i moved to canada and set out to train fulltime to give my dreams a chance at reality.in 1992 i went to compete in the olympic games._30_，not my coach or even my family，ever talked to me about winning a gold medal.in fact，i wouldnt even_31_myself to think about it.i thought that would disturb me._32_，i went with the attitude that i wanted to enjoy the olympic spirit._33_the expectation of all the people，i won the gold medal and words couldnt describe the overwhelming mixture of emotions i felt.then i truly understood what_34_most in achieving a dream is not to_35_it when you face difficulties，but strive to make it come true.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，描述一位奥运会滑冰金牌获得者的成长历程。作者经过坚持不懈的努力，克服了身体的缺陷，终于走上了奥运会的领奖台，这说明：只要坚持和努力，梦想就能变为现实。16a.unique bwrongcunbelievable dunacceptable答案b根据下文医生说我不能滑冰可判断我生下来身体就有缺陷，选wrong“(身体)有毛病的”。17a.decided to bled tocinsisted on dfixed on答案c根据下文我参加了滑冰课程和训练可知我坚持要练习滑冰。ins