翻转句型.doc

句型的转换把一种句子结构转换为另一种结构来表达同一意思的做法,称为句型的转换。下面我们重点介绍简单句句型的转换、复合句和并列句句型的转换以及简单句和复合句的互换。掌握和了解这些转换对提高同学们的语言运用能力有着重要的意义。一、简单句句型的转换通过把一个句子的主语、谓语、宾语、状语或定语等成分转换为另一种形式的方法可实现简单句句型的转换。1. 主语的转换 主语结构转换时分两种情况:1)主语结构的转换有时对别的部分没有影响:There is nothing inconsistent in what she said. (1)There is no inconsistency in what she said. (2)她的话并无前后矛盾之处。分析:(1)中there be结构的主语由不定代词nothing加上其后置定语inconsistent构成；而在(2)中主语转换成了由名词inconsistency加其定语no构成,其他部分没有变化。2) 有时其他部分也需作相应的改动:Mastery of a language requires painstaking efforts. (1)It requires painstaking efforts to master a language. (2)学语言要下苦功。分析:(1)中的主语由名词短语Mastery of a language来充当,当其转换成(2)中的主语不定式to master a language之后,(1)中的主谓宾结构相应地转换成了(2)中形式主语谓语宾语真正主语结构。2. 谓语的转换1)谓语有时可转换为带表语的结构:These books can be obtained at any library.(1)These books are obtainable at any library.(2)这些书哪个图书馆都有。分析:(1)中的谓语由情态动词can加动词obtain的被动结构be obtained构成,而在(2)中其被转换成了系动词are加上表语obtainable。2)有时又可转换成动词+名词这类结构:Why didnt you inquire further about it? (1)Why didnt you make further inquiry about it? (2)你为什么没对此作进一步的探究？分析:(1)中的谓语动词+补语结构inquire further转换成了(2)中的动词+名词结构make further inquiry。3. 宾语的转换1)有时宾语的全部可以进行转换:The expansion of the city required extension of the communication lines.(1)The expansion of the city required extended communication lines.(2)城市要扩大就要延长交通线。分析:(1)中的宾语由名词extension加作后置定语的介词短语of the communication lines构成,在(2)中被转换成作定语的形容词extended加上名词短语communication lines构成。2)有时一部分宾语可以进行转换:He advised us to be vigilant.(1)He advised us to maintain vigilance.(2) 他告诫我们要保持警惕。分析:在(1)中,复合宾语是由宾语us加上其补语to be vigilant构成的,在(2)中宾语的补语被转换成了to maintain vigilance。也就是说,宾语的补语由原来的系表结构转换成了动宾结构。二、复合句和并列句句型的转换1. 复合句型的转换 在改变复合句的句型时,可以分为三种情况:1)我们可以只改变从句的一部分:She felt uneasy when people looked at her suspiciously.She felt uneasy when people looked at her with suspicion.当人们用怀疑的目光看她时,她感到很不自在。2)也可以只改变主句的一部分:The sparkle in her eyes showed how excited she was.Her sparkling eyes showed how ex-cited she was.她闪光的眼睛表明她多么兴奋。3)有时整个句子结构都可以改变:Nothing indicates that the weather is changing. (1)There is no indication that the weather is changing. (2)没有迹象表明天气要发生变化。分析:(1)中复合句的整体结构为主谓宾结构,that从句作主句谓语动词indicates的宾语,而在(2)中句子转换成了There be结构,且完全相同的that从句作主语indication的同位语。2. 并列句句型的转换并列句的结构也可以转换,通常是改变一个分句的结构。She said nothing but her eyes reproached us.(1)She said nothing but her eyes were reproachful.(2)她虽然没说什么,但眼睛里却有责备的神情。分析:并列句(1)由but连接的两个存在转折关系的并列分句she said nothing和her eyes reproached us构成；而在(2)中第一个分句保持不变,第二个分句被转换成了her eyes were reproachful,也就是说,第二个分句由主谓宾结构转换成了主系表结构。三、简单句和复合句的互换 简单句和复合句的互换,实际上是短语和从句的互换。许多句子通过把从句变为短语,即可以由复合句变为简单句,反之亦然。1. 主语从句和短语的互换主语从句有时可与不定式短语或动名词短语互换。例如:Its regrettable that one should be so extravagant.(1)Its regrettable to be so extravagant.(2)这样奢侈浪费是令人遗憾的。分析:(1)是复合句,通过把其中的主语从句that one should be so ex-travagant转换为(2)中作主语的不定式to be so extravagant,(1)由复合句变成了简单句(2)。 2. 表语从句与短语的互换表语从句有时可与不定式短语、动名词短语或名词短语互换。例如:Our major problem was that we lacked raw materials.(1)Our major problem was lack of raw materials.(2)我们的主要问题是缺乏原料。分析:(1)是复合句,通过把其中的表语从句that we lacked raw materials转换为(2)中作表语的名词短语lack of raw materials,(1)由复合句变成了简单句(2)。3. 宾语从句与短语的互换宾语从句常常可以与动名词短语、名词短语或带不定式的复合宾语互换。例如:Do you expect she will stay after that? (1)Do you expect her to stay after that? (2)出了这事难道还指望她待下去?分析:通过把复合句(1)中的宾语从句she will stay after that转换为(2)中带不定式的复合宾语her to stay after that,(1)由复合句变成了简单句(2)。 此外,通过定语从句和状语从句与短语的互换也可以实现简单句句型与复合句句型的互换。真题演练按要求进行句式转换:1. Varied methods help to liven up a lesson.(把主语转换成另一种形式)2. She knew he could be trusted. (把从句的一部分转换成另一种形式)3. It worries her that Tom should mix with such people.(把复合句转换为简单句)4. Our chief worry was that she lacked enthusiasm. (把复合句转换为简单句)5. He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him.(把复合句转换为简单句) 答案及解析 1. Variety of methods helps to liven up a lesson. 句意:(教学)方法多样化可使课堂生动。分析:原句中的主语是由名词methods加上作定语的形容词varied构成的名词短语,其可转换成为名词variety后面加作后置定语的介词短语of methods构成的名词短语,整个句子意思不变。2. She knew he was trustworthy. 句意:她知道他是可以信赖的。 分析:原句中宾语从句的谓语部分could be trusted(可以被信赖)可转换成was trustworthy(是值得信赖的),其意思基本相同。3. Toms mixing with such people worries her. 句意:汤姆和这样的人来往令她担心。分析:原句中的主语从句that Tom should mix with such people可转换成动名词短语Toms mixing with such people,原句的句子结构形式主语it+谓语+宾语不必再使用。通过这一变化,原句即由复合句转换成简单句。4. Our chief worry was her lacking in enthusiasm. 句意:我们主要的担心是她缺乏热情。分析:原句中的表语从句that she lacked enthusia