考研英语长难句每日一练(1).doc

考研英语长难句每日一练(1) 大家都知道，考研英语长难句在考研英语真题中分布在每一个题型中，作文中，合理正确使用一些经典长句，为让我们的文章增色不少，翻译中，长难句总是我们取得高分的拦路虎，阅读和完型中，长难句更是不得不攻克的大难题，另外，记忆一些英语长难句对提高我们的语感和记忆词汇都有所帮助，因此，考生需要花部分精力在英语长难句上，但是面对如此紧张的备考时间，我们该如何备考呢，下面凯程老师为大家整理了一些长难句，包括分析及翻译，供大家每日练习使用，希望能够帮助大家克服长难句这个大难题，预祝大家能够取得好成绩!1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in waysthat weaken the courts reputation for beingindependent and impartial.【分析】复合句。主句主干为 justices acted。in severalinstances 和 in ways作状语， that 引导定语从句修饰ways。【译文】然而，在一些情况下，法官的行为方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名声。2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be accepted asimpartial judgements.【分析】复合句，主句为 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that 引导的名词性从句。【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。【词法拓展】it 作形式宾语放在动词与宾语补足语之间，指代不定式、动名词、从句等，此时，it 无实际意义。这种情况只能用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine,suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。3. At the very least, the court should make itselfsubject to the code of conduct that applies to therest of the federal judiciary.【分析】复合句。At the very least在句首作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰 the code of conduct。【译文】至少，法院应当服从适用于联邦司法系统其余部门的行为准则。4. They gave justices permanent positions so theywould be free to upset those in power and have noneed to cultivate political support.【分析】复合句。主句为 They gave justices permanent positions, so 引导目的状语从句，从句主干为they would be free.and have no need.。【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期，以便法官们能自由地推翻当权者，且无需拉拢政治支持。5. Constitutional law is political because it resultsfrom choices rooted in fundamental social conceptslike liberty and property.【分析】复合句。主句为 Constitutional law ispolitical。because 引导原因状语从句;其中分词短语rooted in. 作定语修饰 choices, 介词短语 like libertyand property 修饰 concepts。【译文】宪法是由植根于自由和所有权等基本社会观念的选择造成的，因此它是政治性的。6.When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.【分析】多重复合句。主句为 the law.is inescapably political。when 引导时间状语从句;it shapes 为省略引导词的定语从句，修饰 the law, it 指代 the court; which 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰主句，其中包含 why 引导的表语从句。【译文】当法院处理社会决策时，它适用的法律不可避免地具有政治性-这也就是为什么不同意识形态的决策容易被认为是不公正的而不予考虑。7. The justices must address doubts about thecourts legitimacy by making themselvesaccountable to the code of conduct.【分析】简单句。句子主干为 The justices mustaddress doubts，介词短语 about the courtslegitimacy 修饰 doubts， by making.作方式状语。【译文】法官必须通过对行为准则负责来解除人们对于法院公正性的怀疑。【点拨】1)address 在本句中作及物动词，意为处理，对付，如：to address an issue 处理问题。2)accountable to 意为对.负责。3) the code of conduct 意为行为准则，行为规范。8. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart snd its bloodvessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.【分析】简单句。句子主干为 Laughter does produce short-term changes。 介词短语 in thefunction of.作 changes 的后置定语，句末的现在分词短语 boosting.作伴随状语。【译文】笑确实能给心血管带来短期的变化，提高心率以及对氧气的吸收。9. But because hard laughter is diffficult to suatain, agood laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefitsthe way, say, walking or jogging does.【分析】复合句。句首为 because 引导的原因状语从句。主句的主干为 a good laugh is unlikely to havemeasurable benefits，主句包含 the way 引导的方式状语从句，say 作插入语。【译文】但是，由于大笑很难持续，一场酣畅淋漓的大笑给心血管带来的好处，不可能会像散步和慢跑给心血管带来的好处那样明显可见。10. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sadbut they become sad when the tears begin to flow.【分析】复合句。句首 It 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的从句。从句由 but 连接的并列复合句构成，第一个分句包含 because 引导的原因状语从句，第二个分句包含 when 引导的时间状语从句。【译文】19世纪末曾有人提到：人类不是因为悲伤而哭泣，而是因为流泪而悲伤。11. In an experiment pubished in 1988, socialpsychologist Fritz Strack of the University ofWurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold apen either with their teeth-thereby creating anartificial smile-or with their lips, which wouldproduce a disappointed expression.【分析】复合句。句子主干为 social psychologistFritzStrack .asked volunteers to hold a pen.。句首的介词短语作整句话的状语;either with .or with. 作动词 hold 的方式状语，第一个状语后的现在分词短语作目的状语，第二个状语后 which 引导非限定性定语从句。【译文】1988年发表过一项实验，德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨斯特拉克和他的同事们招募了一批志愿者。他们让一部分人用牙齿咬住一支笔，从而在脸上制造出人工笑脸;或是用嘴唇叼着笔，从而产生沮丧表情。12. Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funnycartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggeating thatexpressions may inflence emotions rather than just the other way around.【分析】复合句。主句为 Those. reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，过去分词短语forced to.作后置定语修饰 those。than 引导比较状语从句，该从句中的主语 those 由定语从句修饰，因其较长，谓语又因与主句重复而省略为 did，所以用倒装语序