英语专业《综合教程》一、二册比较整理.doc

综合英语第一、二册词汇分类整理第一册：重点单词+一词多义1 Hand in hand:1. 手拉手 2. 紧密相连： Theory and practice must go hand in hand.2 Manner: （注意manner的作单复数时不同的意思） mannered 矫揉造作的；矫饰的；不自然的1singular: 方法；方式： in a/the manner 2. （言行的）方式： aggressive manner; 3. 种类：all manner of sth 各种各样的人（或物）；(as) to the manner born 自然而然地；in the manner of= in the style of 以风格3. plural: 1.礼貌；规矩：good/bad manners; have no manners= behave badly 没有礼貌2(某个人群的)风俗；习惯；Middle-class manners 3Appreciation/appreciate1.感激；感谢U in appreciation of : The award is given in appreciation of her huge contribution to the film business. 2.理解；体会；明白 There is a growing appreciation of the need for environmental reform 3.欣赏；赏识 4. 涨价；增值4. Cherish 1.怀念: cherish the memory of those happy times; 2. 关爱；爱护 3. 珍爱；珍视： a cherished dream/hope/memory5. Infectious 1.传染性的 2. (心情、行动)有感染力的；有影响力的：His enthusiasm was infectious.6Jolt 1.震动；颠簸：The bus jolted to a stop. 2.使震惊；使惊醒：The alarm jolted me out of a deep sleep.7. Bolt n 1.（门或窗的）金属插销 2.螺栓 a bolt from/out of the blue:大出意外的事；晴天霹雳 v（用螺栓）把钉在一起：bolt sth to sth8. Scramble：1. i +over/up/down/out of etc 爬；攀登 scramble to your feet 匆匆站起身2i 争抢；争夺 +for/ scramble to do sth 3.炒蛋：Scrambled eggs9. confidence/confident/confidential1.confidence: 1.信心+in 2.信任；信赖+in 3.信心；把握 4.秘密：gain/get sbs confidence 赢得某人的信任； in confidence 秘密地；私下里2. confident in the knowledge that ：确保 You can go out, confident in the knowledge that your house is safe.10. skim :v1.撇去（液体面上的浮物）+off : Skim the fat off the soup. 2.(使) 在表面上方快速移动 In the distance, water skiers skimmed across/over the bay；The children are skimming stone on the lake. 3.浏览；略读 +through11. steer :steer sth away from/towards/into/through etc sth 1. 掌舵；驾驶 2.引领；引导 3.影响；引导 He steered the country through a transitional period to elections；steer sb to victory=help someone win 帮助某人取得成功； steer a course:1.遵循：They tried to steer a middle course between overconfidence and undue pessimism. 2.朝着前进 steer a course for12Smash: 1.用力打破；打碎 2.粉碎，捣毁（组织等）；击败；击溃：The government would take whatever necessary action to smash the rebellion by separatist guerillas.13Bond 1.联系；关系+between: The trade agreement strengthened the bond between the two countries. 2.公债；债券 a government/Treasury bond; 3.契约；合同 4.（郑重的）许诺；保证：my word is my bond 我的话像契约一样可靠；我一定会履行诺言 5.bonds: 枷锁=shackle；束缚物：She longs to escape from the bonds of children and housework.14.affect 1.影响；身体上的伤害；感情上的打动 affecting；震动 2. 假装；佯装 She affected a look of disinterest as she glanced at his newspaper.15.plagueepidemic/pandemic/:1.瘟疫；传染病 2. singular普遍的祸害: the plague of violence in America today 3. (动物或昆虫)无限制的大量滋长；泛滥：A plague of journalists surrounded around the superstar. vt:给造成长期的灾祸；长期困扰：The children plagued him with questions.16.conformist 1.adj 墨守成规的；因循守旧的 2.n墨守成规的人，因循守旧的人17. distinction 1.差别；不同 make/draw a distinction between 2.优秀；卓越；杰出：of (great) distinction; He is a writer of high distinction. 3.声誉；特征；特点;Have/hold/gain the distinction of : She holds the distinction of being the first woman editor of the Harvard Law Review.18.distinct 1.不同的；单独的：They were classified into two distinct groups; as distinct from: The Company, as distinct from its shareholders, should be liable for any debts.2.清晰的；清楚的；明显的：As dawn broke, the outline of a building became distinct against the sky. 3.usually before noun确实的；显著的： I had the distinct impression that he did not like me.19.stature 1.身高 He will be taller than his father when he reaches his full stature. 2. 名望；威望: Gain/grow/rise in stature20. fragment 1.n碎片:fragments of glass 2.v（使）破碎；（使）分裂 Fragmentation（含抽象意味）;n破碎；破裂；分裂 of the Soviet Union21Polar 1.极地的 2.截然不同的：The novel deals with the polar opposites of the love and egrate1.使融入；使打成一片：integrate sb into sth 2.使结合；使成为一体:integrate sth into/with sth 3.使取消种族隔离 Integrated:融合的；整体的；综合的；互相协调的team 2.无种族隔离的 Integration 1. 融合；融入：+into 2.种族融合：the of school 3.结合；融合；整合：+of/with/into Integrity 1.正直；诚实：maintain/preserve your integrity; question/doubt sbs integrity; professional/artistic/political integrity 2.完整；完全：defend the new states territorial integrity23.spectrum 1.系列；范围；幅度 wide/broad spectrum=a large range: The course covers a wide spectrum of musical activity from opera to rock 2. 光谱 3. 频率24.capacity 1.能力;：capacity to do/for sth；2.身份in a professional/personal/advisory etc capacity；in your capacity as :I attended in my capacity as chairman of the safety committee.3.容量；容积；容纳力1.The seating capacity of the theater is 5,000. 2.The hall was filled/full to capacity.25.discipline n1.纪律；惩罚：Impose discipline/maintain discipline 2.自控能力；自制力：Their attention wandered and they lacked the discipline to learn. 3.训练方法：Studying a foreign language is a good discipline for mind. 4.（尤指大学的）学科；科目 v1.惩罚；处罚：The strikers were disciplined by management. 2.discipline yourself:约束自己26.conscious:1.意识到；注意到 of doing sth/that 2.神志清醒的；有知觉的 3.慎重的；有意的；刻意的decision/effort 4.特别感兴趣的；关注的：Environmentally-conscious27.refine: 1. 精炼；提纯：refined sugar 2. 改善；改进；使精炼：refine ones manners28.reflection；1. 映像：He admired his reflection in the mirror. 2. （声、光、热等的）反射 3. 反映；显示；表达：The increase in crime is a sad reflection on（=shows sth bad about）our society. 4.沉思；深思；审慎的思考：She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.29. induce : 1. 劝说；诱使 induce sb to do sth 2.引起；导致=cause or produce, result in, bring about, entail : Drugs which induce sleep 30. Persist 1. 顽强地坚持；执着地做 in sth/in doing sth/with sth ; 2.维持；保持；持续；存在：If the pain persists, consult a doctor.31Vision 1.视力；视野： good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal vision; 2.想象；幻想 3. 想象力；眼力；远见卓识=foresight: a leader of foresightVisionary 1.有眼力的；远见卓识的 2. 梦幻的；（尤指）宗教异象的；神示的32Vain futile1. 徒劳的；枉然的；in the vain hope/in a vain attempt to do/in vain; 2.自负的；自视过高的: She is too vain to wear glasses.33. Given : 1.adj已经安排好的；规定的：They were to meet at a given time and place. Be given to sth/to doing sth: 经常做；习惯于；2.prep考虑到；鉴于 Given his age, he is remarkably active. Given that: It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.34. moral adj1. 道德的：a moral issue/dilemma/question 2.道义上的；道德上的：moral responsibility/duty 3.品行端正的；有道德的 4.能辨别是非的：Children are not naturally moral beings. Take/claim/seize the moral high ground 声称自己的论点在道义上占优势n1.品行；道德 2. 寓言：The moral of the fable is that honesty is always the best policy.35. scarcely adv1.几乎不：I can believe whats happened. 2.才；仅仅:We had driven a mile when the car broke down. 3.决不；一定不:I can scarcely refuse to help after all hes done for me.36.conviction 1.定罪；判罪：previous conviction; 2.坚定的信仰；信念；3.深信；确信：lack conviction（缺乏信心）；not carry conviction（没有说服力）37. nest 1.鸟巢 2.+of 一套；一组: a nest of table38. off 1.离开；走开：be off/be off to; off/on course 偏离/在正确航线；航向2.从（顶部或表面）离开：keep/stay off the grass 3.不上课；不工作；休息：be off 4.off and on/on and off 有时；间或；断断续续39Distant 1. 在远处的：in the not too distant future:在不久的将来；Distant memory 遥远的记忆；the dim and distant past:很久以前；遥远的过去；Keep a respectful distance 敬而远之；2疏远的；不友好的；冷淡的； 3. 恍惚的；心不在焉的；4.远亲的；远房的 a distant relative40.somehow:1.以某种方法：somehow or other:不管怎么样；2.由于某种未知的原因41Lean 1.清瘦而健康的；2.倚靠：lean against/on sth 3.有（选择或支持某事物的）倾向:lean in the direction of sth; lean on sb 依靠某人；leaning towards 对的倾向；爱好；偏爱42Extend 1.提供；给予；（向某人）表示（欢迎、感谢、同情）extend sth to sth 2.涉及（范围；延伸（距离）延续（时间）；Rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country. The desert extends for miles.Extension/extent: 1.This kidnapping shows an _extension_ of terrorist activity to innocent children. 2. This kidnapping shows the _extent_ of terrorist activity which has got innocent children involved.43. Identify: 1.indentify sb as sth:1.辨认；确认;2.是的标志；显示出； 2.identify with sb 体会（某人）的思想感情；理解并同情（某人）的感受：He didnt seem to be able to identify with ordinary people and their aspirations. 3.be identified with sb/sth 把某人或某物联系在一起 4.identify sth with sth 认为和一致；将等同于44.ground v1.使飞机停飞；船只搁浅；2. 罚呆在家里His parents grounded him for two weeks for smoking.3.使决定、想法建立在之上，基于：be grounded in/on sth n4.理由；原因：on the grounds of: She is suing the company on the ground of unfair dismissal. 45.sway v1.摇动；摇摆 2.影响某人；使改变看法：Sway sb into doing sth 3.nhold sway :1.（对人们的观点或行为）有巨大的影响力；2.控制某个区域 under sbs sway:在某人的控制或统治下46Smear：1.（胡乱地）涂，抹：be smeared with sth 2.玷污；诽谤：slur/smash/malign47Facility 1.通常用复数（房间、设备等）设施；2.（工具、制度等的）特点：Have the facility to do sth : The software has the facility to produce high-quality graphics displays. 3.（用作某种用途的）区，大楼；4.单数/U天赋;技能；技巧：He has a facility for languages.注：facility作单数时指场所；作复数时指设施。48.hover 1.（鸟、昆虫或飞机）翱翔；2.守候；犹豫：The waiter was hovering over their table. 3.（在之间）摇摆不定；不确定+between：His girlfriend is hovering between life and death.4.（在上下）徘徊：+around/near: hover on the brink/edge/verge of sth 接近于某事边缘，濒于某事边缘（尤指令人不快的事）49.mock adj仅用于名词前1.假的；仿真的mock guns and knives 2.假装的；虚假的affected 3.（考试、面试等）模拟的4.v讥笑；嘲笑50.confer 1.授予（权力、权利或荣誉）:confer sth on sb; 2.讨论；商谈；商议；协商：Confer with 51Involved :1.牵涉在内的；卷入的+in;2.参与的；3.复杂难懂的第二册1. resonate；1.（使）产生情感共鸣+with: Her experiences resonate powerfully with me, as I do live in a small family. 2.回响；回荡：The building resonates with historic significance.2. due:1.adj仅用于名词前，适当的；恰当的：He was found to have been driving without due/necessary care and attention. / in due course:在适当的时候：We will announce the results of our investigation in due course./with all due respect:恕我直言 2.预定的；预期的；预计应出生的：When is the next bus due?/Their baby is due in June. 3.UN应有的权利；应得到的东西：He failed again, but to give him his due, he did try hard. 说句公道话；4.ndues复数：应缴款；会费3. spell:n1.一段时间；一会儿：a brief spell;2.（特定天气情况的)持续时间：a hot/cold/wet/dry spell；3.（疾病突然的）一次发作：a dizzy/fainting spell;4.魔咒；魅力： cast a spell on sb 5.v意味着（通常是不好的事）spell a disaster/doom for sb；6.vt暂时代替某人4. lumber :1.木材2.给某人增加麻烦；拖累:Lumber sb with doing sth. 3.缓慢吃力地移动；笨拙地行进：In this distance, we could see a herd of elephants lumbering across the plain. 5. stifle v1.压制；抑制:an attempt to stifle innovation/debate/democracy 2.使窒息strangle/suffocate/smother/choke/asphysixate ：strangle；又指抑制；扼杀经济发展the economy; suffocate:扼杀抑制好的发展;smother又指溺爱；宠爱：smother sb with kisses6. groom v1.刷洗（马，狗等）；2.训练；培养:My boss is grooming me to take over his job next year. 3.n马夫 7. declarev1.宣布；宣告；声明:declare sb/sth (to be) sth; 2.申报（收入、财产）Are your going to declare all that wine at customs? Declare for/against:表态支持/反对 8. claim v1.声称；主张；断言claim to do sth;2.（尤指作为权利）声称拥有;认领:claim credit/responsibility/victory；3.要求；索取：claim refund; +on:（向保险公司）索赔：Can you claim on your insurance for damage to furniture? 3.夺去的生命mainly journalism:The severe flooding has claimed over 500 lives.4.赢得；获得：claim a title9. Assert 1.断言；宣称：ones innocence; assert yourself:(坚定而自信地)说出自己的观点；坚持自己的主张 2.维护；坚持:rights;3.（事实、观点或趋势等）显示威力，发挥作用：Assert itself: After a while her old bad habits began to assert themselves.10. stroke: 1.中风；2.（意外但重要的）事件，行动，举动:a stroke of luck/genius/inspiration/brilliance 3.打，击；4.游泳姿势；5.（钢笔或毛笔的）一笔，一画；6.（某些钟表整点报时的）一敲，一响：at the stroke of nine;7.抚摸；轻抚；at one/a stroke 一下子；not do a stroke of work 什么事也不做 11. bust n1.半身像；2.（尤指警方对毒品的）搜查；搜捕；adj3.破产的：go bust;4.破坏了的；坏了的；v5.打破；打碎；6.逮捕；7.使终止；破坏：bust up 12. scalp n1.头皮；2.失败者；v剥下带发头皮；倒卖；炒卖13. endorse v/n1.（尤指公开地）赞同，支持：I fully everything you said.;2.（名人在广告中）吹嘘endorse products.;3.在支票或正式文件的背面签名；4.（在驾驶执照上）注明违章:his license was endorsed/suspended/revoked14. transient：1.adj转瞬即逝的；短暂的:population:流动人口2.n流动人员；流浪者15. fierce :1.感情强烈的；残暴的：debate/criticism 2.（天气）狂暴的；猛烈的storm;3.激烈的：competition/opposition16. patron/patronage:1.资助人；赞助者/资助；赞助；2.主顾，顾客/惠顾；光顾17. patronize ：1.表现出高人一等的姿态；2.vt光顾；惠顾 patronizing 显得高人一等的18. sap :n 1.（植物的）汁；液；2.傻瓜；3.v使削弱；使虚弱 sap sbs energy / sap sbs will19. lash:v1.（尤指作为惩罚）用鞭子或棍子抽打；鞭打；风或雨猛烈击打：The sound of the rain lashing against the windows was deafening. 2.严厉批评；责骂：The speaker lashed out against the new regulations. 3.用绳系紧；捆扎 n4.鞭打；5.睫毛20. scoff :1.vi嘲笑；2.vt狼吞虎咽地吃=devour 21. devastating：1.造成严重破坏的；毁灭性的：a fire/storm/flood;2.令人大为震惊的；令人心烦意乱的： blow 令人震惊的打击；3.非常漂亮的；非常吸引人的：ly beautiful/gorgeous 22. rumble:1.发出隆隆声rumble across；2.肚子因饥饿而咕咕叫；3.察觉；发现（非法行为）:Im afraid our tax dodge has been rumbled.4.打群架23. rumbling :1.复数：抱怨；不满的言论；2.隆隆声=rumble24. ultimate：1.最后的；最终的：goal/aim/objective; 2.首要的；决定性的 responsibility/decision ;3.极限的；绝顶的；最好的： luxury retreat25. incline :1.有意（做）；倾向（于）2.倾斜；3.曲身；弯腰（尤指）点头26. inclination：1.意图；意向to do 2.倾向；爱好27. hobble :1.vi跛行+across/along/down；2.vt妨碍；阻碍:A long list of amendments has hobbled the new legislation. 3.（为防止跑掉而）捆缚（动物或人的腿）28. slash :v1.大幅度削减；2.猛削；猛减；3.猛力移动；袭击:Tornadoes slashed through the area. n1.砍口；切口；2.砍；劈；3.斜线号29. jerk :1.急推；急扭；使猝然一动jerk to a halt 猛地一下停了；2.（从睡梦或沉思中）猛然一动而惊醒wake up from a jerk；3.急拉；猛拉 jerky:颠簸的30. slack:adj1.松弛的；不紧的；2.松懈的；懈怠的；疏忽的；3.（生意）清淡的；萧条的；不景气的: slack demand for its products 4v偷懒；逃避工作:Stop slacking and get back to work.ns 宽松裤31. penetrate：1.刺入；戳入；2.（声音等）穿透；3.i/t被洞察；被了解：What she said didnt penetrate until just now.;4.打入（团体）： a market； penetrating voice有穿透力的；尖锐的；penetrating mind 敏锐的头脑32. dedicate :1.把（时间和力量）用在上:dedicate yourself to doing sth ;2.（在书或歌曲的开头）题词把献给（某人）：This book is dedicated to all unknown heroes of the war.33. bomb:n1.炸弹；2.很多钱；3.a bomb彻底的失败；v4.轰炸；5.（尤指车辆）疾驶；6.考试惨败；7.（戏剧、演出等）打败；票房极差；不卖座位34. drift:v1.漂流；飘；2.随意走动；游荡；3.随意做；偶然出现：The conversation drifted towards the subject of money. n4.吹积的雪堆；吹积的沙堆；5.渐变：the away from socialism；6.流动：the population drift；7.意义；含义：get/catch sbs drift 35. grim:1.严肃的；坚定的a grim determination；2.令人不快的；令人沮丧的：grim prospect of still higher unemployment;3.（地方）简陋的；4.生病；不舒服feel grim36. dub:1.给起绰号；把称为:dub sb sth ;2.为配音 dub sth into sth 37. assume:1.想当然地认为；假定:assume sb to be2.装出；摆出：assume an air of innocence;3.就职；就任；夺去；篡夺：assume the presidency/assume throne/control of sth38. shift:v1.转变；2.挪动身体；3.摆脱；消除shift this cold;4.出售；n5.轮班工作时间；6.改变+in/toward: shift in consumer demands;6.直筒连衣裙 39. apt:1.恰当的；适当的：apt comparison；2.易于；有倾向be apt to do sth；3.天资聪颖的 40. humor:n1.幽默；滑稽；2.心情；心境；情绪；vt3.迁就；迎合；Hes in rather a bad mood today, so youd better humor him a bit.41. govern: 1.治理；统治；执政；2.控制；影响；支配：Prices of goods are governed by the cost of raw materials, as well as by the cost of production and distribution.;3.管理；制约42. consume:1.吃；喝；2.花费（时间、能源或燃料等）；3.毁灭；（尤指）烧毁；4.使着迷；使全神贯注：be consumed with/by sth 43. breed:v1.（动物）生育；繁殖；2.培育；育种；3.酝酿，招致：=invite/produce/lead to : Favoritism（偏袒） breeds (produces, leads to) resentment. n4.品种+of; 【派】：breeding：礼貌的行为；教养44. fertile:1.（土地）肥沃的；2.富有想象力的；富有成果的45. speculate:vi1.思索；沉思；猜测+on/about/that;2. 投机；做投机生意(+in/on): in property 【派】speculative deals/activities46. latitude：1.纬度；2.某个纬度地区用复数：The plant grows best in cooler latitudes.;3.u自主行事的自由；选择的余地We give them enough latitude to express their own ideas when choosing a career. 第一册：重点词组、短语、习语和固定搭配 1. be indebted to 感激某人 We are indebted to all who made this such a successful day. 2. confide in sb/confide sth to sb/confide to sb that 3. jolt sb into doing sth 使某人觉醒去做某事 4. well up （液体或感情）流出；涌出 5. conspicuous consumption炫耀性消费 6. summon up the courage to do sth 鼓起勇气做某事 7. hang out 时常光顾 She knew all the clubs where he usually hung out. 8. turn ones back on sb 轻视；不理睬 9. stick it our 继续做，坚持做（困难或不愉快的事情）：It was a tough course, but we stuck it out. 10. in conformity with/to 与一致；依照 11. on an impulse: He saw them get into the car and on an impulse, he followed them. 12. have/gain access to information/right 13. entail (doing) sth 使成为必要；导致 14. deviate from 背离；偏离；违背 15. stand out (from/against sth) 显眼；突出：stand out in a crowd. 16. slough sth off 摒弃；抛弃；摆脱=get rid of 17. a vulgar waste of money金钱的挥霍 18. zeal for/in sth 对的热情；激情 19. sell out 售完；背叛信念；背叛原则+to=yield to/give in to expediency；出售财产、企业等 20. close/near at hand:（在时间或距离上）接近 21. make yourself scarce= (go away to avoid trouble).（为避免困境或尴尬局面而）离开；溜走 22. consist in: 在于=lie in 23. stand for: 1.是的缩写；代表；象征；2.主张；支持 3.接受；容忍通常用于否定句 24. convict sb of (doing)sth 宣判某人有罪 25. ensure sth/that+从句：确保；assure sb of sth/assure sb that 向某人保证；使确信;insure sb/sth against sth 防备的；insure sb/sth for sth（钱）为了投了钱的保险 26. account for 1.是的原因；引起；导致；2.（在数量或比例上）占；占据；3.对（尤指所负责之事）做出解释（或说明） 27. back down on/from sth 放弃（别人强烈反对的要求、主张等）；认输: She refused to back down on a point of principle. 28. credit: 1.on credit 赊购；2. take the credit 归功于自己 3.be a credit to sb/do sb credit 是某人的骄傲；为某人争光 4. credit sb with sth or be widely/generally/wrongly credited with sth 把某事归功于某人: Fairlie is widely credited with inventing the phrase the Establishment. 5.credit sth to sth 把某事物归功于某事物：The team credited their victory to hard work. 29. appoint：1.appoint sb as sth/ appoint sb to do sth 任命某人做；2. the appointed time/place确定，约定的时间或地点 30. conscience: 1.clear/guilty 2.struggle/wrestle with your conscience和良心斗争 3.ease sbs conscience 使良心得到安宁 4.in (all) good / in all 凭良心；公平地 31. succumb to 1.屈从；屈服；2. 患重病；死于 32. slug it out :一决雌雄 33. be cluttered up with 乱堆；堆满 34. off and on/on and off for有时；间或；断断续续 35. estranged from sb/sth与疏远；不和的 36. hit on/upon sth 突然有个好主意；偶然想到妙点子 37. show up：1.如约赶到；出现；露面；2.show sb up 使某人难堪；使蒙羞；3.使显现；使显露；揭露；揭发：showing up corruption scandals 38. Reminisce about 追忆往事 39. be reminiscent of sth 历历在目的往事 40. turn down 拒绝（提议或要求） 41. break away 逃脱；挣脱；脱离 42. break in 打断；插嘴 43. break out/up 爆发/停止 44. break up 关系破裂 45. break th