专题二 代词.docx

志航教育 用心做教育，用爱铸未来 编辑：刘碧代词考点一：不定代词一 both, all, either, any, neither, none的区别都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上(包含不可数名词)allanynoneI have bought two books; you can have either.我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。Im sorry I cant lend you any (money). 对不起，我不能借给你钱。None of this money is mine. 这一笔钱没有一点是我的。二 one, another, the other; some, others, the others的区别一个/一些（泛指）另外一个/另外一些（泛指）剩下的一个/剩余的一些（特指）单数oneanotherthe other复数onesothersthe others注意：1.the other后面只能加可数名词单数或者复数，不能加不可数名词；2.短语the rest of（剩余的）后面既可以加可数名词单数或者复数，也可以加不可数名词；3.else只能够放在不定代词或者特殊疑问词后面；三复合不定代词1.某任何每个，所有没有人someonesomebodyanyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybodyno one（只表示“没人”）nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing2.none, nothing, nobody (no one)的用法区别。1)指代用来回答相当于none人或者物how manyhow much强调的是数量not a/ an/ one+可数名词not any +不可数名词nobody (no one)人whonot anyonenot anybodynothing物whatnot anything-How much money do you have? -None.2).none后可跟of短语，而 something, anything, everything, nothing和someone, anyone, everyone, no one却不能As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.None of them knew about the plan because it was kept as a secret.3)与复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配He is nothing but a clerk. 他只是一名职员。He is anything but a clerk. 他绝不是一名职员。nothing but 仅仅，只是anything but 绝不是 He is somebody (someone). 他是个重要人物。He is something else. 他是个出色的人物。He is not anybody. 他是个普普通通的人物。Theres something in what she says. 她说的不无道理。 （something指被认为重要的或值得注意的事物）Children under 5 can travel for nothing. 五岁以下的儿童可免费旅游。for nothing 免费地 He is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives. 可以说她是一位医生。something of在某种程度上说，等同于to some degreeHe might be a scientist or something. 他大概是科学家之类的人物。or something 诸如此类的Your house is something like ours.你们的房子有点像我们的。They get something like 97% renewals every year. 他们每年大约有97%的用户续订。something like有点像；大约；几乎 考点二：人称代词、指示代词、反身代词和it的用法一 人称代词1.在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词通常用宾格。-Glad to meet you. -Me, too.2.代词they(不分性别)指代已经提到过的一些人或物，在口语中还代替he or she，此外they还可泛指一般人。The Browns phoned. They are coming round this evening.（代表已经提到过的一些人）If anyone arrives late, theyll have to wait outside.（代替she or he）They say we are going to have a hot summer.（泛指一般人）二 指示代词1.指上文提到的事，一般用that,有时也用this;指下文或将要提到的事物，常用this或theseHe said I was lying, and that was unfair.（that指代上文提到过的He said I was lying.）The most important thing is this: Practice makes perfect.（此句中this不能换为that）2.this和that的一些习惯搭配that is to say= that is也就是说Thats it!正是如此/对了Thats enough.那就够了。That/ This will do. 那/这正好。That s that. 就这么决定了。3.指示代词such的用法1）.指代前面所述的人或事物，在句子中做主语、宾语、表语或定语，意为“这样”。如：-Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?-Victoria Street? Such is where the Grand Theatre is.你能告诉我怎么到达维多利亚大街吗？维多利亚大街？（那）就在大剧院那里。（做主语）注意：such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词。The damage was such that it would cost thousands to repair.损坏如此严重，要修好得花几千块钱。（作表语）Such behavior is just not acceptable in this school.这种行为在本校绝不能接受。（作定语）2）和all, no, any, some, other, another, every, many, several等词连用时，such要放在这些词的后面。All such problems have been solved.所有这些问题都得到了解决。Any such mistakes can be avoided. 任何类似的错误都可以避免。3）如果such修饰单数可数名词，且与不定冠词连用时须至于其前；但当such前有no时，则不用不定冠词a/an.He is such an intelligent student that no wonder he is always getting the first place.他是如此聪明的一个学生，难怪考试总是得第一名。4.指示代词so的用法1） 代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。Even if she notices, she never says so.即使她留意到，她也从来不说。（so指代的的是she notices）2)在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提到的观点，既可于于肯定句中，也可用于否定句中。-Is he coming tonight? -I think so./ I dont think so.他今晚来吗？ 我想是的。/我认为他不来。3)用在I hope, Im afraid后，代替前文提出的观点，此时只能用在肯定句中；若是否定，则用I hope not.或者Im afraid not.三反身代词1.反身代词的基本用法1）作宾语：Tom taught himself Chinese.汤姆自学中文。（作动宾） You cant leave the baby by himself.你不能把婴儿一个人留着。（作介宾）2） 作表语：She is not quite herself today.她今天很不在状态。3） 作同位语：I myself can repair the bike.我自己可以修好这辆自行车。2含有反身代词的惯用法1） 与介词连用Youll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself.你得亲自去看看他是否已经去了学校。The computer may shut off by himself.计算机可能会自动关闭。I cant finish the work by myself. 我自己一个人干不完这个活。One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.每个人都愿意有一间自己的卧室。He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.当听说通过了考试时，他欣喜若狂。by oneself 自动地；单独地，独自地 for oneself 亲自地 to oneself 独自享用地，独占地 beside oneself （由于激动、气愤等而）近乎发狂、忘形地2） 与动词连用enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得愉快Behave yourself!= Be quiet!/ Show good manners! 规矩点！absent oneself 缺席，不参加 devote oneself to 专心于；献身于apply oneself to 专心致志于 adapt oneself to 适应于treat oneself to sth 用犒劳自己 make oneself at home不要客气seat oneself= sit 坐 think for oneself 独立思考（形成自己的看法、自行决定）be oneself处于正常状态，显得自然 boast oneself自夸come to oneself恢复自制力、知觉；苏醒过来find oneself+介词短语/doing sth 发现自己正处于某种状态或者正在做某事help oneself to sth擅自取用四It的用法1.用作人称代词，代替前面提到的事物、动物、或人。-Where is my dictionary? -I left it right on the desk. 我的字典哪里去了？ 我刚放在桌子上了。Look at the bird. It always comes to my window.瞧那只小鸟，它老飞到我的窗户来。2.指代时间、距离、日期、天气、环境等，常用于句子的主语。What time is it now? 现在几点了？（指代时间）It is half past two now.（指代时间）It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.（指距离）It is very cold in the room.（指温度）A lovely day, isnt it?（指天气）In winter it is getting dark early. 冬天天黑得早。（指天气）Its very noisy in the room. 屋里噪音很大。（指环境）3.指代抽象事物。You ve helped me a lot. I shall never forget it. 你帮助了我很多，我永远也忘不了。I tried my best to persuade him, but it didnt help. 我尽力说服他，可是没有用。 -I v broken a plate. -It doesnt matter. 我打碎了一个碟子。 没关系。4.当说话者不清楚或没有必要说明说话对象的性别时，用itThe baby is crying. It might be hungry. 婴儿在哭，一定是饿了。-Who is knocking on the door? -It might be the postman. 谁在敲门？ 可能是邮递员。5.用作形式主语或者形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。The doctor thought it would be good for you to have a holiday.（形式主语）We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.（形式宾语）6.熟记下列有关it的固定结构I take it that you dont agree with me.我的理解是：你不同意我的见解。I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.有时非得用法语打电话，我感到很讨厌。I like it when she sings me a song. 我喜欢她为我唱歌。I cant help it if he is always late.如果他总是迟到，我也没办法。I will appreciate it if you can help me.如果您能帮忙，我将不胜感激。I dont mind it if you are late.如果你迟到，我不会介意的。Please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out.出门时请务必带够钱。You can count on it that he is very smart.你就相信吧，他非常聪明。As someone puts it: Practice makes perfect.像某人所说的那样：熟能生巧。You neednt go if you dont feel like it.如果不愿意去，那就不要去了。When it comes football, he is more excited.提到足球他就更兴奋了。易混易错知识点一 替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的区别替代onea/ an+单数名词ones零冠词+复数名词the onethe+单数名词the onesthe+复数名词thatthe+单数名词或不可数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）（复指功能）thosethe+复数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）（复指功能）We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one (=a summer camp) based on your own interests.我们为您的假期提供了多种夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=presents) that I had never seen.张先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物，这些是我从来没有见到过的。（同位语）Little joy can equal that (= the joy) of a surprising ending when you read stories.几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。The books on the desk are better than those/ the ones under the desk.桌子上面的那些书要比桌子底下的那些书好。二 any与every的区别anyeverynot anynot every （三个或者三个以上）任何（三个或者三个以上中的）每一个（任何人/物）都不（完全否定）并非每个（部分否定）I have many books here, and you can take any one.我这里有很多书，你可以拿任何一本。Every student has to take the examination.= All the students have to take examination. 三 each和every的区别词性功能意义every限定词定语三个或三个以上中的每一个，强调“整体”each代词，限定词主语，宾语，同位语，定语两个或者两个以上中的每一个，强调“个体”Each of my children goes to different schools.我的几个孩子各自在不同的学校上学。Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars.作主语= The tickets cost 10 dollars each.作同位语= The tickets each cost 10 dollars.作同位语 每张票十美元。 Every man is not honest. = Not every man is honest. 并非每个人都诚实。四 many, much, few, little, a few, a little多少复数名词概念manyfew不可数名词概念muchlittle 肯定否定复数名词概念 a fewfew不可数名词概念