连词、介词、动词训练.doc

介词、连词【考点直击】1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。3. 并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法； 4. 常用的从属连词的基本用法 1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：2. 常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on Sunday morningin, after：in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：（2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.across, through：across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass. They walked through the forest.3) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。如：There are some tall trees in （the）front of the building.体会加不加the 的不同意思3. 介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, turn on, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on ones way to, in trouble, ,at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。4. 连词的功能用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。5. 并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。(2)表选择关系的or, eitheror等。(3)表转折关系的but, while等。(4)表因果关系的for, so等。6. 从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless (3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。 (5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。 (7)引导比较状语从句的than, asas等。(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。7. 常用连词的用法辨析（1） while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边一边”时，最常用as。Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。When he finished his work, he took a short rest.6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.（2）as, because, since , for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As he wasnt ready, we left without him.Since I have no money, I cant buy any food.3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。（3）sothat, such.that1) sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。Im so tired that I cant walk any farther/It was such a warm day that he went swimming.如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.（4）eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Either you or he is wrong.（5）although, but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning.A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on2. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her.A. beside B. about C. except D. with3. She sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by5. -What is a writing brush, do you know?-Its _ writing and drawing.A. with B. to C. for D. by6. English is widely used _ travellers and business people all over the world.A. to B. for C. as D. by7. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.A. Under B. In C. With D. On8. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong.A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in9. Youd better not go out now. Its raining-It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain.A. in B. of C. with D. off10. Japan lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at11. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? -I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English.A. eitheror B. not only but also C. neithernor D. bothor12. We didnt catch the train _ we left late.A. so B. because C. but D. though13. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much.A. if B. so C. though D. as14. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I have tested him myself.A. after B. when C. if D. until15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it.A. when B. until C. after D. before中考英语语法总复习之动词动词时态：初中阶段八种时态的结构及其用法。【学习过程】：I. 概述：英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。 动作发生的时间不同，动词的形式就有所不同。所以，动词的时态就是指动词在某一个时间段内应当采取的相应动词形态。我们已经学过的八种时态分别是：1. _2. _3. _4._5. _6. _7. _8. _一、一般现在时：概念： 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：often，usually，always，sometimes，every week（day，year，month）， once a week，on sundays， 基本结构：be动词am/is/are； 行为动词原形或单数第三人称。否定形式： am is are _；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在 其前加_，如主语为第三人称单数，则用_，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句把be动词放于句首；用助动词 do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，用does，同时，还原行为动词。【注意】 _状语从句和_状语从句中, 从句用_时态表示将来。自我检测：1.The Greens usually _ TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. are watching D. is watching2. Mr Black often_ fishing on Sundays, _he ?A. goesdoesnt B. goesisnt C. dont godoesD. doesnt gois3. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow. A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 4. I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came5. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week（year，night，month）， in 1989，just now，基本结构：be动词过去式was/were； 行为动词过去式。否定形式：waswere not；在行为动词前加_，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放在句首；用助动词do的过去式_提问，还原动词。自我检测：1. I _ very hard when I was young.A. study B. studied C. had studied D. shall study2. _ he _ a good time last Sunday?A. Were; were B. Did; do C. Did; has D. Did; have3.-When_you come here? -We_here last week.A.do;come B.do;came C.did;came D.did;come4. We _the floor and _ all the windows. A. mopped;cleanned B. moped; cleaned C. mopped;cleaned D. moped; cleaned5. _ you _out for a walk after supper ? -Yes, I_.A. Didwent，went B. Did go，went C. Did went，did D. Did go，did6. Paper _ first invented in China. A. is B. are C. was D. were三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now，at this time，these days，基本结构：amisare _ 否定形式：_一般疑问句：把_动词放在句首【注意】短暂性动词如leave, begin, come, go, die等，可用_时表示将来。自我检测：1. -What is he doing now? -He_a picture. A. draws B. drew C. is drawing D. was drawing2.Donttalkhere.Grandparents_.A.sleep B.issleeping C.aresleeping D. slept3. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ .A. playing; dance B. playing; dancing C. play; dancing D. play; dance4. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games. A. swimming; playing B. swimming;plaiing C. swiming; playing D. swiming;plaing5. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writing;is writing B. is writing; writes C. writes;is writing D. writes;writes6. _ your mother _ shopping at the moment?A. Are; doing B. Is; doing C. Is; taking D. Are; taking四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。这一特定的过去时 间除有上下文暗示以外,一般用表示过去时间的状语来表示。时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的 时间状语等。基本结构：_ 否定形式：_一般疑问句：把was或were放在句首自我检测：1. I _ a letter at nine last night. A. am writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing2. I _ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _ to work. A. was teaching;didnt go B. taught; didnt go C. was teaching;went D. taught;went3. This time yesterday Jack _ his bike. He _ TV. A. repaired; didnt watch B. was repairing;watched C. repaired;watched D. was repairing;wasnt watching4. When you _ at the door, I _ some washing. A. knocked; did B. was knocking;did C. knocked;was doing D. knock;am doing5. The boy_ English on the radio when I _ his door. A. learned;was opening B. was learning;opened C. learned;opened D. is learning;open6. A young man _ her while she _ her work .A. watched;was doing B. was watching; did C. watched;did D. was watching;was doing五、一般将来时：概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow，next day（week，month，year），soon，in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow，基本结构：amisare going to do； willshalldo否定形式：amisare notgoing to do； willshallnotdo一般疑问句：be放于句首； willshall提到句首【注意】(1) 助动词“will + 动词原形”可用于_人称, 助动词 shall常用在_人称 后。(2)“_+ 动词原形”表示即将发生某事或人为计划要做某事。表意愿的将来、问对方是否愿意、表客气的邀请或命令及表客观将来时，用_。自我检测：1.He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; is C. will be; will beD. is; will be2. He _ in his garden every morning next year. A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working3.-_ you _ free tomorrow? -No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be4. He _ in three days.A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. comes back5. If he _ to college, he _ a lot more.A. will gowill learn B. will gois going to learn C. is going is going to learn D. goes will learn 6. When she _ next time ,I _ her everything. A. is going to comeshall tell B. will comeshall tell C. comeswill tell D. comestell7.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to be B. is going to have C. is going to be D. will have8. It _ us a long time to learn English well.A. took B. will take C. spends D. will spend六、过去将来时：概念： 立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day（morning，year），the following month（week），基本结构：wasweregoing to do； wouldshould do否定形式：waswerenotgoing to do；wouldshould notdo一般疑问句：was或were放于句首； wouldshould提到句首自我检测：1.-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet.-Well, he said he _here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be2. She _that she _ her best to help them the next term.A. sayswill do B. saidwill do C. said would do D. sayswould do 3. Jack _ that they _ surprised to see it this Friday.A. know would be B. knows will be C. knew would be D. knew will be4. She _ ill so she _ able to go skating the next day.A. is wont be B. is wouldnt be C. was wont be D. was wouldnt be5. He _ the thief to the police when he _ the man again.A. would take would meet B. would takemet C. will take will meet D. will take meet6.Li Ming said he _happy if Brian _to China next month.A was; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come七、现在完成时：概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：already, never, ever, just, yet, since, for, in the past few years, 基本结构：肯定形式：have_ done否定形式：_一般疑问句：havehas放于句首【注意】(1)现在完成时属于现在时态范围, 因而不能和表示过去时间的状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1960 等连用。(2)表示短暂时间动作的动词如 come, go, leave, finish, end, buy, sell, marry, die 等的完成时态不能与表示时间段的状语连用。但可改为其他表示相同意思的_动词或短语。(3) “have/ has been to + 地名”表示“_”, 说话时人已回到说话地点, 常与 once, twice, never, ever等时间状语连用。“have/ has gone to + 地名”表示“_”,说话时人没在说话地点。以上两种结构均不能跟时间段连用。“have/ has been in + 地名”跟时间段连用,表示待在某地多长时间。自我检测：1. You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. Keptwaited B. have keptwaited C. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited2 I hope I _ no mistake in my work so far.A. make B. am making C. have made D. was making3 In the past five years. I_ English words. A. have learned three thousand B. learned three thousand of C. had learned three thousands D. learned thousands of4. _ you ever _America ? -Yes, I have. A. Have gone to B. Have gone in C. Have been to D. Have been in5. The Greens _ China for five years. A. has been in B. have been in C. have been to D. has gone to6. -Where _John _? -To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. has, been; has gone B. has, gone; has been C. did, go; went D. did, be; went7 He _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here in 1977.A. has taught; came B. has taught; has come C. taught; came D. has teached; has came八、过去完成时：概念：以过去某一时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before，by the end of last year（term，month），基本结构：had done 否定形式：had notdone一般疑问句：had放于句首自我检测：1. By the end of last term, we_over two thousand new words. A. learned B. have learned C. will learn D. had learned2. By the time I _ back they _ up ten metres. A. camehave climbed B. camehad climbed C. comehave climbed D. had comeclimbed3. He _ the Army by the end of 1992. He _ in the army since then. A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been4. The meeting_ for five minutes when I got there. A. had begun B. had been on C. has begun D. has been on5. Before we got to the railway station, the train_ already. A. went out B. had gone C. has gone D. has arrived6. He _ angry because he _ for a long time.A. had gothad waited B. gotwaited C. had gotwaited D. gothad waited非谓语动词考点（动词不定式，动名词，分词）其考查重点为：1、it作形式主语、宾语的用法2、感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；3、动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用4、一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；5、有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。 一、考查非谓语动词用作主语 不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。 例：Its very nice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing二、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【例】一Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，please07淄博市Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close 实战演练：1Tom likes cars. He enjoys _ model cars of all kinds. A. collectsB. collectingC. to collectD. collected2The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers _ halfway. A. stopB. to stopC. stoppingD. stopped3I11 give a talk tomorrow. Im thinking about . A. what to say B. how to say C. what can I say D. how can I say4My sister doesnt like the dress. She thinks it makes her fat. A. look B. looks C. to look D. looked5You may be _if you have a _ problem. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. worrying; worried D. worried; worrying6。Chinas badminton team won the Sudirman Cup for the fifth time; they deserved_.(湖北黄石)A. to reward B. rewarding C. to be rewarded D. being rewarded7。- Mum, Im hungry. - What about going to McDonalds _ fried chicken? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. and eat8Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not to wake him up B. not wake him up C. not wake up him D. not to wake up him9If everyone makes a contribution _ the environment, our country will become more beautiful. A. to protect B. in protectingC. to protecting D. for protecting10Ive made it possible for my computers the same programs by means of networking. A. to shareB. shareC. sharedD. shares11Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody_ bad things. A. watch B. to watchC. watching D. watches12Shopping with me?Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed13I want to buy a digital camera online. Can you show me _ the Internet? A.searchB.to searchC.how to searchD.what to search14It _ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _the earth 14 times in his spaceship. A. spent, circling B. took, traveling C. spent, to travel D. took, to circle15The little girl saw the gorilla in the park with a toy bear. A. to playB. playing C. is playing D. plays 中考真题：（10y）66. Peter usually w_ his clothes on weekends. 66. _ 67. Mum used to tell me funny s_ before I went to sleep. 67. _ 68. Keep on w_ hard, and youll succeed. 68. _ 69. We hope you can enjoy yourself d_ your stay in China. 69. _ 70. We were all e_ when we got to the top of the mountain. 70. _ 七、综合填空（共10小题，计10分）阅读短文，根据短文内容和已给出的首字母，在空白处填入适当的单词。将完整的单词写在短文后面的横线上。It was one of the hottest day of that summer. It hadnt rained for n 71 one month. The plants were dying. Cows had stopped giving m 72 . If it did