（新课标）高考英语短文语法填空和阅读一轮选练（3）.doc

（新课标）2016高考英语短文语法填空和阅读一轮选练（3）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】 every language has its own special words and expressions. and a story can be told about each of them.hot is a simple, easilyunderstood word. so are most of the expressions_1_(make) with the word hot. but not always，_2_we shall see.the words hot potato, for example, give you no idea at all to the meaning of the expression, hot potato.the potato is a popular vegetable in the united states. many people like baked potatoes, cooked in an oven or fire. imagine_3_(try) to carry a hot, baked potato in your hand. it would be difficult, even painful, to do so.now we are getting close_4_the meaning of hot potato.some publiclydisputed issues are_5_(high) emotional. the issues must be treated carefully, or they will be difficult and painful if an elected official has to deal with_6_， as difficult and painful as holding a hot potato. one such hot potato is taxes._7_(call) for higher taxes can mean defeat for a politician. and yet，_8_taxes are not raised, some very popular government programs could be cut_9_that also can make a politician very unpopular. so the questions must be dealt with carefully，_10_same way you would handle any other hot potato.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1made过去分词短语做定语，与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。2asas引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。3tryingimagine后接动名词做宾语。4toget close to“接近”，固定搭配。5highly修饰形容词emotional用副词。6them指代前面的名词issues，故用them。7calling动名词短语做主语。8ifif引导条件状语从句。9and此处语意承接，用并列连词and。10thesame前应该用定冠词the。广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。among the few scientists who have had a great effect on science and history, albert einstein is perhaps the _1_ (great). an american university president once commented that einstein had created _2_ new view of the universe. his theory has completely changed the way scientists understand time and space. now, more and more people agree that the universe is something more complicated than _3_ they have ever thought before.einstein _4_ (bear) in germany in 1879. in 1914, young einstein, already internationally famous, became a professor at an institute in berlin. he had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study. however, _5_ peaceful life was soon broken by the first world war.einstein hated violence. he was deeply affected by the war; he sat _6_ (happily) in his office doing nothing and _7_ (lose) interest in his research. only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.in the years _8_ (follow) the first world war, people showered honor upon him. he became the head of the kaiser wilhelm institute of theoretical physics. in 1921 he won the noble prize _9_ physics and was greatly honored and respected in germany. however, his life was again disrupted. the second world war broke out and einstein had to move to the us，_10_ he lived until his death in 1955.1解析结合语境考查形容词的最高级。由上文信息可知此处表示三者以上的人之间的比较，所以用最高级。句意：在为数不多的对科学和历史有重大影响的科学家中，爱因斯坦是最伟大的。答案greatest2解析结合语境考查冠词。a new view of.“看待的一种新观点”。结合语境可知，应用a，因为不定冠词可以表示泛指。答案a3解析结合语境考查名词性从句。此处what相当于the universe that。句意为“现在越来越多的人赞同这个说法：宇宙要比他们以前想象的复杂得多”。答案what4解析结合语境考查动词的时态和语态。表示人的出生常用was born。句意：爱因斯坦于1879年生于德国。答案was born5解析结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。名词前设空，答案首选限定词；结合语境可知，此处应填his。句意：然而，很快第一次世界大战把他平静的生活打破了。答案his.6解析结合语境考查词形转换。由文章中的“einstein hated violence. he was deeply affected by the war”可知此处用happily不合适，应用它的反义词unhappily。答案unhappily7解析结合语境考查动词的时态。本题易误用losing，认为其与前面的doing nothing并列。实际上doing nothing在此处作动词sat的伴随状语，动词lost表示的动作与前面的sat表示的动作并列。答案lost8解析结合语境考查非谓语动词作定语。此处意为“在第一次世界大战以后的日子里”。years与动词follow之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。答案following9解析结合语境考查介词的用法。表示获得某方面的诺贝尔奖时常用介词for。句意：1921年他荣获诺贝尔物理学奖，深受德国人民的爱戴。答案for10 解析结合语境考查定语从句。表示地点的名词后设空时，很多情况下选用where引导定语从句。此处用where指代先行词the us，在定语从句中充当地点状语。答案where阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014德州模拟】some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.fighting，however，is not often the best choice，since it uses up a large amount of energy，and can result in injury or even death.most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.the songs of birds，the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances，advertising to possible invaders that someone elses territory is being approached.many animals rely on smells to mark their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.other animals will be warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territorys defender.sometimes，these warnings may be ignored，and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory，or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.when the two animals meet，they will generally threaten each other with visual (视觉的) displays.these displays will often exaggerate an animals size by putting up feathers or fur，or will show off the animals weapons.the animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.the displays are generally performed best near the center of an animals territory，where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.serious injury can result，and old or sick animals may die，leading to a more balanced population size.under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.the study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.1what topic is the passage mainly involved in?awhat animals territory is usually like.bhow animals deal with different threats.chow animals defend their territory.dwhere animal fights take place frequently.2for most animals，whats their first response to the possible invaders to defend their territory?afighting in groups.bthreatening and warning.cescaping before being hurt.dasking partners for help.3what does the underlined word “exaggerate” in the second paragraph mean?aenlarge bchange cshake dshrink4an actual fight will happen when_.aanimals meet near the border of their territoriesbthe invader enters the defenders territoriescthe defender notices the invader smaller than itselfdthe living resources are limited in the territory5the last paragraph tells us that territoriality has an influence on the_of the animals.acommunication bconditioncpopulation dmigration语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就动物如何保护自己的领地进行了介绍。1解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要就“动物如何保护自己的领地”进行了介绍。答案：c2解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.”可知，答案选b。答案：b3解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，当某种动物发现有其他的动物侵入自己的领地时，会通过视觉上的展示来恐吓对方。它们会竖起羽毛或皮毛，以使自己看起来更大、更强壮。因此exaggerate应为“扩大，增大”之意。答案：a4解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.”可知，当过度拥挤导致生存资源匮乏时，就有可能发生打斗。答案：d5解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.”可知，答案选c。答案：c。【安徽省蚌埠市三县联谊校2014高考二模】two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. in fact, according to an official report on youth violence, in our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?first of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. a report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). for example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. the problem isnt in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) stay calm. once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. on the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.after both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. listening allows the two sides to understand each other. one person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speakers position. then the two people should change roles.finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. this doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. it means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. for example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. students need to ask themselves questions such as these: how did this start? what do i really want? what am i afraid of ? as the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. even if it doesnt, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.there will always be conflict in schools, but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence. after students in atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to educators for social responsibility, 64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation,and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves. learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. in that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.68.this article is mainly about a. how to deal with school conflictsb. the cause of arguments in schoolsc. how to analyze youth violence d. the lives of school children69.from paragraph 2 we can learn that_.a.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtimeb.a small conflict can lead to violencec.students tend to lose their temper easilyd.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight70.why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in paragraph 5?a. to find out who to blame.b. to get ready to buy new things.c. to make clear what the real issue is.d.to figure out how to stop the shouting match.71.the writers purpose for writing this article is to_.a.complain about problems in school educationb.teach students different strategies for school lifec.advocate teaching conflict management in schoolsd.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence【参考答案】6871、abcc 【安徽省蚌埠市三县联谊校2014高考二模】did you know that womens brains are smaller than mens? the average womens brain weighs 10% less than mens. since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent(聪明的) than women. right? wrong. men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. why? after years of study, researchers have concluded that its whats inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. the brain consists of “grey matter” and“white matter”.while men have more of the latter ,the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexs.it has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. this means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. when it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, its women who come out on top every time. there are other important differences between two sexes. as white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “a great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. that may explain one of lifes great mysteries:why men refuse to ask for directions and women often need to! the differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. a boy would try to climb a barrier