The Application of Project Management.doc

The Application of Project Management【Abstract】 Project management is a management branch, refers to the use of professional knowledge, skills, tools and methods, cause this project in limited resources, set to meet or exceed the requirements and expectations project activities. Project management is a holistic success activity. This includes planning, scheduling and maintenance activities of the project schedule. Project management methods, how to implement the project management method is a kind of method, it can be used in most of the projects.【Key word】Benefits and risks; Project strategic; Project roles; Project management; SWOT analysis IntroductionProject management theory knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve or exceed the project involve the needs and expectations of project application to the project activities. An effective project management regulation of the plan is to use the resources of an organization, guidance and control work to accomplish a specific time goals and objectives.In the traditional way, when the enterprise has set up a project, at least several projects, including the Treasury Department, Marketing Department, government departments, different departments, the operation of the project, will inevitably produce friction, should be coordinated, which will no doubt increase the cost of the project, the impact of the project implementation efficiency. However, the practice of project management is different. Different departments, because the project team members, the project manager, the team leader, its duty is to lead his team in time and quality to finish the work, in order to achieve the project does not exceed the budget goal. The project manager is not only the implementation of the project, to ensure that he were involved in the project, in project selection, planning needs, until the end of the process, in time, cost, quality, risk, contract, procurement, human resources all aspects of the project of all-round management, project management can help enterprise to interdisciplinary solve complex problems, and achieve higher operating efficiency.1. Benefits and risks of project management1.1. Project management Benefits Global organizations always adopting project management approaches in their international operation. This approach has its benefits. 1.1.1. Objectives are clearer Different from the usual management, project management has a different layout and the needs of the homework. Generally speaking, the project management task to do-according to the annual plan or part of the program, biodegradable task decomposition for a specific project, called for full text plan, establish a realistic concrete goal, each target can be measured and evaluation. 1.1.2. Resources are more concentrated Project management requires establishing a project team. In international business, the project team to break the boundaries of each region, the project team from different parts of the unit staff. Concentrate superior resources to achieve goals. 1.1.3. Responsibility is more specificProject management need a comprehensive plan of the project, the project plan content requirements name, the project manager, the project consultant, the project team and project goal, project background, engineering measures, the completion of the project of time requirements and project evaluation and appraisal content, need to very specific and detailed plan. The globalization of the project management, distributed to each project team and individual, each persons measures and complete the goal is a very clear, not shirk responsibility, so realization and check is very specific. 1.2. Project management Risks 1.2.1. Technical risk Many technical risk usually results unprecedented performance of the new system and equipment needs. Technology can define the risk of risk in the process of the development of a new special design development, design you want to improve the performance level based on the first step, but may also make performance level, because some new constraints are intact, even if it had dropped. The nature of the technical risk and military system design reason is not the same. 1.2.2. Program risk The project risk will usually raises the technical level. Research shows that plan and the sources of risk classification many factors, these elements might interrupt software project implementation plan. The plan includes access to the risk of of the use of the project may not control the direction of the project, but may affect the available resources and activities. 1.2.3. Progress and policy risksPerformance and design techniques rely on sometimes increase costs and extend the progress to resolve, which often make the problem becomes complicated. Policy between different countries and international project management, master of regional policy is to avoid the risk.2. Characteristics of project managementSt.Dismas medical centers, urban areas, a nonprofit rehabilitation center, which has 450 beds. Check the patient is significantly reduced, in January 1999; St. the Dismas convened a planning meeting to identify future development opportunities. The outcome of the meeting, the medical center committed to two major strategic initiatives. The first is a short-term actions to reduce costs, in-patient services. The second is a long-term strategy, namely the use of existing, strong rehabilitation personnel and St. Dismas excellent reputation in the region to carry out new activities and services. Fred let his business development team according to St. The Dismas number of potential patients and the patients area the option of the services provided by a serious analysis. The business development team visited several domestic agencies, but also for St. Dismas the design, construction and operation of this institution to supervise the company had a conversation with.Final Freds team to solve the plight of the medical center.Project Management has the following characteristics different from the ordinary business：2.1. Disposable One-time project is the biggest difference between and other repeat operation or operation. The program has a clear the beginning and end, not completely copy precedent, will not have exactly the same copy. The other attributes of project from the main character. 2.2. UniquenessEach project providing a commodity or a service have their own characteristics, they are unique. Its products or services similar to other projects, however, time and place, and internal and external environment, natural condition and social conditions are different from other projects, so the project progress has been is unique.2.3. The integrity of the activitiesExtra activity is unnecessary and lack of certain activities may be detrimental to achieve the goal of the project. The project activities are related to form a whole.2.4. Temporary and openness of the organizationThe project team through the agreement or contract, as well as other social relationship between different degree of organization in different periods project involved in the project activities. The project team in the whole process of the project, the number of members, responsibility in the changes of the project team members temporary loan to the end of our project team dissolved, the researchers have been evacuated. Organizations involved in the project often, most of the matrix organization and even dozens of or more. It can be said that the organization and no strict boundary temporary open. 2.5. The outcome of irreversibleThe one-time property of the project determines the project is different from the other things you can try to do as bad can be repeated; different from the production volume products. The project started under certain conditions, once failure is forever lost the opportunity to re project. Project has large uncertainties and risks relative to the operation. 3. The project strategic planning and SWOT analysisThe projects strategic plan, it is to show the enterprise project management, business executives development strategy, the goal is the enterprise project management. Say simply, enterprise project management, strategic planning, in the enterprise established a set of project management standards and integration and business process together to form a project management as the core business management system. The methods of project management and business process must match each other optimization in practice.The first task of the strategic planning of the enterprise project is to establish clear methods and processes of the enterprise project management.The second task of the strategic planning of the enterprise project is a project management methodology and enterprise business process integration, project management as the core business processes.To promote the application of the methods of project management and business process in order to improve the whole level of project management and the establishment of enterprise project management method and business process, the enterprise management and operation personnel further communication of the aim of the project selection and project implementation. Improve the operation and management ability.SWOT is an analytical method used to determine the S (strength), W (weakness), O (opportunity) and T (threat), in the analysis, you should put all the internal factors (including the companys strengths and disadvantage) together, and then use external power to assess these factors. These external forces include the opportunities and threats, which are caused due to trends in the forces of competition or in an enterprise environment. The balance of these factors determines what should be done and when to do it. Important contribution is, this seemingly SWOT method independent thought system matching a comprehensive analysis of the enterprise strategic plan to develop a more scientific, comprehensive. Compared with other analysis method, the SWOT analysis from the start, has the remarkable structure and functions of the system. The main content of the theory basis of SWOT analysis is also stressed from the analysis of the structure began to analyze the external environment and internal resources; Structured, first in form, the SWOT analysis of the construction of the structure performance SWOT matrix and in different areas of the matrix are given different analysis significance. In the early 1960 s, before the birth of SWOT, has proposed the SWOT analysis relevant internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of external these variables, but only in the isolation of their analysis.4. Different roles in the project management 4.1. Project sponsorThe project sponsor is generally the equity investors, project investors, through investment activities and business activities of the project investment interests through the organization of project financing to achieve the investment objective of the project requirements. Project finance more infrastructure and public projects and such projects with large investment gains Japanese risk characteristics, the project sponsor is generally the highest credit and beneficiaries - government agencies or state-owned enterprises of the host country sometimes can be the investment consortium, many project-related companies or government agencies and private companies mixture.4.2. Project Manager The project manager is to integrate a variety of resources, integration, and integration of the three elements of the project to integrate the interests of all stakeholders. Project manager must do a variety of logistical work, including group activities, communication, rewards, and training. The project manager must know how to pressure transmission, the project members feel appropriate pressure, and so better able to improve work efficiency. Newly established knowledge and skills to complete the team can not reach the requirements of the project, the project manager to keep the development and training of project members, not only the cultivation of professional knowledge and skills, more team spirit, values, habit, only one purpose, to enable project members to follow the common goal to fight with. 4.3. Stakeholder During the project, we need the identity of the stakeholders of the project. Small and medium-sized projects may be dozens of users, but may be only one stakeholder, some large-scale projects may be tens of thousands of users, but may be many stakeholders. Our focus is wrong, the project will fail. Therefore, projects of all sizes, the scope of the project manager will be focusing on stakeholder must be different. 4.4. Client The project customer is an individual or organization to use the results of the project, customers of any one item for the customers of the project are available for projects, so project management must seriously consider the customers needs, expectations and requirements. Customers of a project may be a single, very broad. For larger and long-term project, the customer level would be more complex, it is necessary to deal with customer relations. For example, in a typical bank project, the investor may be president, while the owner is responsible for operating business units; project manager appointed by the company to undertake the contract, and financial division general manager is directly responsible; the projects internal resources including the companys R & D staff and industry experts, and external resources, including the needs of the customer is responsible for operational staff and post-maintenance technicians.In the eyes of the vast majority of project managers, project sponsors are those project managers to whom to submit project report. The project sponsor is to promote the progress of the project, they are also the project manager in the project the customer come into contact with senior staff. The project sponsor may be the beneficiaries of the project, also can not beneficiaries of the project, but they usually have a project completed the final results of responsibility. They will make the work of the project manager to provide guidance, comments and suggestions on the daily work of the project and the identity of major customers.Conclusion Project management methodology and project implementation success of the project are of great significance, the two are complementary, the significance of the business such as management and operational and technical personnel. Any business if you want to produce high quality products or to provide high quality services, should the project business processes necessary to analyze and summarize, and gradually summed up their own project management methodology and project implementation, including project implementation particularly important, because most of the enterprise has its own core business scope of its project implementation will be relatively simple, in this case, the project management methodology may be weakened, and project implementation will be strengthened, both would be more closely combined. Only summed up and the implementation of the enterprises own business, the success of the project will not rely heavily on particular individuals. In a way, the project management methodology and project implementation method is also part of corporate culture. Strengthen the project team to improve the combat effectiveness of the project team. The project management approach provides a range of human resource management, communication management methods, such as human resources management theory, motivation theory, teamwork methods. Through the use of these methods can enhance the team spirit, improve the morale and efficiency of the project team members.Reduce project risk; improve the success rate of project implementation. An important part of project management is risk management; risk management can effectively reduce the uncertainties of the projects impact on the project. In fact, such work is most likely to be ignored in the traditional project implementation process; the project will produce one of the factors of the devastating consequences.