湖南省湘潭市高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（4）.doc

湖南省湘潭市2016高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（4）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。it is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in japan. yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such a terrifying thing from happening again. so far there is no guarantee that it will not. countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth. but this is not all. other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. this nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations.the generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electricity has increased. one of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium (钸) produced from unclear fuel: plutonium is ingredient (成分) in bomb-making. it means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.this brings the problem to a full circle again. how can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man? (from )1. the effects of dropping the first atomic bomb _.a. are not over b. may go on forever c. could last much longer d. will not be over in the near future2. the writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured to _.a. wipe out japan b. last forever c. act as a peace-keeping device d. destroy all living things3. the advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it _.a. gives them more opportunities for work b. will help poor countries to become richerc. will enable them to make better explosives d. will be of great value to them4. the second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity today _.a. has led to the decrease in supplies of oilb. means that more countries are interested in nuclear powerc. has increased the risk of accidental explosionsd. has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs【答案与解析】1. a 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come可知。2. d 细节理解题。根据第一段“have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth”一句可知。3. b 细节理解题。根据第一段“this nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations”一句可知。4. d 段落主旨题。根据第二段最后一句“it means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.”可知。阅读理解。june 26, 2000 the human genome(基因组) project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic(遗传的) map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. the scientific and medical communities(团体) are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. but those communities and policy(政策) makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life. for the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology(生物技术) have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination. while european and japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding(解码) human dna, the leading organization for genetic research is in the united states, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal(致命的)diseases. already, the human genome project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes(基因) connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or aids. once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections(传染), and genetic diseases. medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.1. why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome? a. because the human genome can destroy many illnesses. b. because the human genomes completion can help them get rid of many diseases. c. because they wanted to be better known than others. d. because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节推理题。由第一段第二句话 “the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging human life.” 和最后一段首句 “once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases.” 可知，科学家绘制人类基因组图是为了驱除疾病，故答案为b。a选项表述不正确；c、d在文中均未提到。2. which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world? a. japan. b. germany. c. the united states. d. china.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。由第三段首句提到的 “the leading organization for genetic research is in the united states, ”可知，答案为c。.3. which of the following is not true? a. if the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses. b. the scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers. c. many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map. d. the united states began the genes study early in the 19th century.答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节判断题。由第三段首句提到的 “which began in 1990” 可知，美国是在20 世纪末开始绘制人类基因组图的，故d选项表达错误。 由最后一段首句 “once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases.”可知，a选项与文意符合；由第三段最后一句 “and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or aids.” 可知，b选项与文意符合；由最后一段最后一句话 “medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, ”可知，c选项与文意符合，均不选。4. the author suggests that the human genome project can cause _. a. the policy makers to feel very worried and careful b. the scientists to work harder c. many people to find work easily d. a lot of companies to produce many new drugs答案解析：答案为b。本题为推理题。由第一段最后一句话 “but those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.” 可知，a选项表述与文意不符。c选项未提及。由最后一段最后一句话 “medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.”可知，d选项是文中的一个事实，不需要推理，故不选。 结合全文内容和第一段提到的 “june 26, 2000 the human genome project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed.” 可以推断，绘制人类基因组图是一个长期的项目，现在虽然完成了百分之九十多，但是作者在文中也暗示了这个项目需要科学家更努力地工作，故b选项正确。5. the main idea of this article is about _. a. unlocking genetic code b. the genes discovery c. the great human genome d. the genes and the scientists答案解析：答案为a。本题考查文章的主旨大意。结合第二段提到的 “but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code”和第三段提到的 “ is unlocking the code of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases.” 可知，解读基因密码可以知道如何打败疾病。故答案为a。b、c、d都不是文章的中心。阅读理解。technology has been an encouragement of historical change. it acted as such a force in england beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire western world in the nineteenth. rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. this means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. there is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards. highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. but the skilled worker wasnt the only loser, the common workers lost too. similar changes forced farmer away. the increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. increasingly, standards were set by machines. workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1. in this passage, which of the following is not considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?a. other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.b. the increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.c. the increased use of machines to make products in less time.d. the use of machines producing parts of the same standard. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段 “one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product:” 可知，a、c、d都在文中提到了。故答案为b。2. according to the writer, highly skilled workers _a. completely disappeared with the coming of the factory systemb. were dismissed by the bossc. were unable to produce goods of high standardd. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节题。从文章第二段 “highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为d。3. according to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?a. many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.b. they stuck to their farm work.c. they refused to use machines.d they did their best to learn how to use the machines.答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.” 可知，答案为a。完形填空。so far，about 27 countries have visited antarctica for scientific research.hard _1_the living conditions are，many scientists _2_to stay there for long periods of research.so，how do they manage their lives on the ice?well，during the _3_，the temperature in antarctica reaches about 20.it falls to about 60 in winter.so，_4_there are 24 hours of sunshine，scientists must keep wearing all the correct clothes to _5_themselves from the cold.these clothes include jeans，runing shoes，jackets，long underwear，boots and woolen socks. although highly technical clothing provides much _6_against the extreme cold，scientists often need to _7_when there is an icy wind blowing and the temperature is 30 so natural protection such as facial(面部的)hair can also _8_.thats _9_many researchers wear a _10_.it really does keep you warm.usually，the polar researchers have _11_meals.some _12_ have feasts(盛宴)on holidays like christmas and new years day._13_are always welcomed and usually finished quickly.life on the ice means living with other researchers in _14_living space.most people sleep in dormstyle rooms.some remote field camps use _15_tents.so，at least some researchers wont be _16_by annoying snores(鼾声) but what do they do for _17_in their spare time？there are actually a lot of things they can do.they watch movies，read tons of books，listen to music，paint and ski.some _18_researchers might even do some knitting(编织)it is important for a polar researcher to be in good physical condition.