中国文化名句名段诵读(调整版).doc

中国文化名句名段诵读1. 不到长城非好汉。If you fail to reach the Great Wall, you are not a man.One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.None but the brave can get to the Great Wall.You are not a hero unless you climb on the Great Wall.Who are we if we can not reach the Great Wall?Those who fail to reach the Great Wall are not true men. 静夜思床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。A Tranquil NightAbed, I see a silver light, I wonder if its frost aground.Looking up, I find the moon bright;Bowing, in homesickness Im drowned.In the Quiet NightSo bright a gleam on the foot of my bed-Could there have been a frost already?Lifting my head to look, I found that it was a moonlight.Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home.Night ThoughtsIn front of my bed the moonlight is very bright.I wonder if that can be frost on the floor?I lift up my head and look at the full moon, the dazzling moon.I drop my head, and think of the home of old days.2. 中国书法（Chinese calligraphy） 汉字从图画和符号演变而来，中国书法艺术自然而然衍生于这一特殊的 书写体系，因此中国书法也被称作线条艺术。尽管中国书法以汉字为表达工 具，但要欣赏中国书法之美，不一定非要懂得汉语。书法的目的在于保持 (retain)自然之美，突显(illuminate)人类精神之美。书写的文字能够彰显书法 家(calligrapher)对生活和艺术的理解。书法作为一门中国传统艺术，很早便为邻国所青睐。 Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from this special writing system, so Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines. Although Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does not have to know the language to appreciate its beauty. The purpose of calligraphy is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate mans spiritual beauty. The written characters reveal the calligraphers understanding of life and arts. Being a Chinese traditional art, Chinese calligraphy also found favor in the neighboring countries from the early times.3. 无论中国人走到哪里，都不会改掉喝茶的习惯。茶最先由中国人发现， 它是中国人生活中不可或缺的组成部分。有一句中国谚语将基本的日常必需品(basic daily necessities)称为柴(fuel)、米、油、盐、酱、醋、茶。一千多年 以来，饮茶的习俗已经在中国人心中根深蒂固(ingrained)。唐朝时，一个名叫 陆羽的人写了世界上第一部关于茶的著作茶经(Book of Tea)，这部 书有助于在中国推广饮茶艺术。 Wherever the Chinese go, the custom of drinking tea follows. Tea was first di scovered by the Chinese and it is an indispensable part of the Chinese life . A Chinese saying identifies the basic daily necessities as fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar, and tea. The custom of drinking tea has been ingrained in the Chinese for over a thousand years. In Tang Dynasty, a man named Lu Yu created the first book in the world on tea, Book of Tea. This work helped to popularize the art of tea drinking all across China. 4. 在古典小说中，如果有人大碗喝茶来解渴，会被说是“饮”，就像喂牲口喝水。有学问的人使用精致的茶杯喝茶，被称为“品”。 品茶是一项复杂的休闲活动。先要有环境。在古代，品茶要在清泉流过大理石的地方，或者在春色蒙蒙的禅院里，又或者在日落时分的林中。现在，为了达到这样的气氛，茶室经常以国画、书法或古式家具作为装饰，旁边有一位身着古装的女子弹着古筝。In classical novels, if someone drinks tea out of a big cup to quench his thirst, the character used to illustrate this action is yin (drink), like a cow drinking water. Scholars would use fine cups to drink tea and the character to use is pin (savour). Tea drinking is a very sophisticated pastime. It starts with the environment. In the past, tea drinking should take place in a setting where spring water runs on marbles or in a monastery in misty spring or in the woods during sunset. Nowadays, in order to recreate such an ambience, tea houses are always decorated with traditional paintings, calligraphy and furniture, with a girl in traditional costume playing the Guzheng, a traditional Chinese musical instrument.5. 学而时习之，不亦说（yu）乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？To learn and then have occasion to practice what you have learnedis this not satisfying? To have friends arrive from afaris this not a joy? To be patient even when others do not understandis this not the mark of the gentlemen?父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents 父母在，不远游，游必有方。Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint 己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。One should be aware that other people may have similar desire as oneself. While fulfilling ones desire, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.己所不欲，勿施于人。Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。Simply knowing the highest standard of virtue (i.e., love for people) is not as good as setting it as ones goal. Setting it as ones goal is not as good as enjoying the practice of it. They who know the truth are no equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in itOne who knows it is not the equal of one who loves it, and one who loves it is not the equal of one who takes joy in it.上善若水，水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。The highest excellence is like (that of) water. The excellence of water appears in its benefiting all things, and in its occupying, without striving (to the contrary), the low place which all men dislike. Hence (its way) is near to (that of) the Tao.The supreme good is like water, which nourishes all things without trying to. It is content with the low places that people disdain. Thus it is like the Tao.五色令人目盲；五音令人耳聋；五味令人口爽；驰骋畋猎，令人心发狂。Beautiful colors blind the eyes, complex music harms the ears, rich flavors numb taste, while riding and hunting madden the mind.6. 汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.Chinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare“-“(thehorizontalstroke)“”(theverticalstroke),“”(theleft-fallingstroke),“”(theright-fallingstroke),and“乙”(theturningstroke).7. TheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthree thousandyearsago.ChopstickswerenamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkoronesownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters”.ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。8.ChineseBeijingOperaPraisedas“OrientalOpera”,BeijingOperaisagenuinenationalquintessenceofChina.Itoriginatedfrommanykindsofancientlocaloperas,especiallyhuibaninsouthernChina.Attheendofthe19thCentury,BeijingOperaevolvedandtookshape,becomingthegreatestkindofoperainChina.BeijingOperaisablendofperformingarts-song,speech,performance,acrobatixfightinganddance.BeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypesofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng(male),dan(youngfemale),jing(paintedface,male),andchou(clown,maleorfemale).京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。9. China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting,