中考阅读理解主要题型.doc

中考阅读理解主要题型2010年中考英语阅读理解怎样做好怎样做好中考英语阅读理解题?本文将告诉一些做题方法： 1.保持良好的精神状态。2.抓住中心句。阅读短文之前，先看短文是否有标题。在没有标题的情况下，应充分重视短文的首、尾句。因为大多数文章都是按照“总-分-总”的结构布局的。据统计，英语中有60%-90%的主题句位于段首和段尾，短文的其他文字往往是对这些中心句的解释和说明。3.克服不良习惯，提高阅读速度。心读。考场上不能出声阅读，于是有的考生就在心里读，有时考生的嘴唇也在动。回视(指重新阅读上文)。阅读中的回视是一种无效劳动，所以应一口气把文章读完，尽量不要回视。这坏习惯是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平时的学习中就应当引起注意并加以克服 ;一个词一个词地看。从左向右扫描意群，注意意群中的重要单词。可将冠词、系动词、助动词及不定式符号等小品词一扫而过，不可一词不漏地全部都看一遍;只读不记。正确的做法是：一边阅读一边用笔记下或标出那些与文后所设问题有关的信息。在做题时就用不着重新查阅短文。4.判断要有依据，推理要顺乎作者的意图。对于推理性或评价性之类的阅读理解题目，在材料中一般是找不到现成答案的，必须通读全篇，对作者的思想倾向，对文中提及的人物或事件可能产生的结局等，加以综合考虑才能得出正确结论。对这种题，不能以偏概全，不能“只见树木，不见森林”，不能以个人的想法代替作者的意图。5.遇到生词时，不排除出现影响答题的生词，也可能出现猜测生词的题目，因为猜测词义也是阅读能力的体现，当然也在考查范围之列。弄清上、下文之间的内在联系英语中猜测词义的方法很多。如：(1)根据上、下文进行猜测。生词可以通过上下文的相关信息，或同位语，修饰语等猜测词义。例： The people who survived the earthquake cried bitterly over the bodies of the irrelative. The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.(2)利用构词法进行猜测。英语的构词法大致可分为派生、转化和合成等。例如：Man differs from most from all the other animals in their ability to learn and use languages.对答题无关紧要的生词，如人名、地名、产品商标名称或影视剧目名称等，一般是不加注汉语的，只要能推断出那些生词的类别就可以了，不必弄清其准确含义。另外，熟词新义也是应当引起重视的。英语一词多义,可根据上下文来判断该词的词义。2010年中考英语阅读绝招1， 单词不认识。很多人都有这种感觉，平时课本上的单词自己都掌握了，为什么遇到阅读还是有很多看不懂呢？ -因为单词量不够。要解决这个问题，是不是就要多背单词呢？单词是要背，但是要背到要点上。中考大纲，英语的要求是1600字，初中生的阅读要求是200,000字，高中生约300，000字。这些阅读材料中的单词必然是以大纲中的1600为主，而剩余的，阅读中允许的3%的生词则是在英语约300，000的总单词量中去选取。要想靠背诵完全解决生词问题，从这里看似乎不大实际。这里我有一点想法，第一， 不是每个生词都是必须看懂的。英语中有大量的词总是大写第一个字母的，而他们也大多属于专有名词，表示人名，地名，事件。如Adela、Manchester、NATO。遇到这类词完全可以视若罔闻。第二， 有的词是乔装过的。学英语的人都知道，英语中有些词通过前面或者后面加一些字母，就会变成另一个词。如，regular-irregular, kind-kindness,前者通过加-ir变成起否定形式，后者通过在后面加-ness,变成了名词。归纳起来，一般说前缀变词义(如肯否定)，后缀变词性。第三， 有的词是有前科的。就阅读这个题型而言，有的词是在文章中有提示的。英语写作，不要重复。秉承这个原则，我们可以在文章的结构平行出找到线索。或是反义词，或是近义词。第四， 有些词是必学的。大纲要求的单词(如初中的1600词)，平时做题总是遇到的单词，生活中会经常遇到的单词。方法：单词表上的词分类，单独把不会的列出来，分批背，不用太急，一天5个，一周五天，一天总复习，一天总默写检查。平时总是遇到又不认识的，用一本笔记本把他们都记下来，划入单词表计划。生活中多观察，新闻，公示语，商标都是提高英语词汇的窗口。2， 文章看不懂。情况是这样的，单词我都认识，文章说什么我就是看不懂。也许有的同学会这样说。问题可能出在这里：第一， 单词不是真的都认识。熟词生义。把他当个生词处理。在语境中理解。第二， 语法句式不熟。因为语法点。阅读长句：从句，(主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句)怪句：倒装，悬垂修饰，插入语。第三， 没看到重点。文章规律，段首写该段的中心，后面论述。文章则是第一段，最后一段容易提出作者的观点。还要注意文段中表示转折的句子，其标志词常常是but, while, however, in spite of this等。3， 文章看不完。提高阅读速度的建议：第一， 平时多读，多读好处有很多，如平和心态，正常的速度完成。总结做题技巧，如定位法，上下文联系法，排除法等。提高反应速度，我们看到一个生词需要花一定的时间去反应，当一个人经常见到某个词时，他对这个词的反应速度必定会很快。第二， 考试时少读。考试时的阅读更侧重泛读。考试考察是同学们在规定时间内找到要求的信息的能力。考试时读什么呢？大致有一下几类：中心句，中心段(首尾)转折句问题中出现的词，尤其是一些很有特点的词如，专有名词。在文段中快速找到相应词语所在位置。问题的答案往往就在附近。毒蛇出没的地方，七步之内必有解药。第三， 积累不同题型的解决方法。如细节题-定位法，观点题-中心句法。对症下药。4， 题目做不对。考试后，总会有同学说，文章我都看懂了，怎么还错这么多呀？这时候与其去怀疑答案的权威性，还不如静下心好好分析一下，我真看懂了吗？我看懂的是问题问的内容吗？ 1.如果没真的看懂，是什么原因，如果是上面三条之一，不妨试试上面的一些方法。2.如果真看懂了，那么看懂的是不是考卷要考察的内容呢？我们总会有这种心理，在看懂了一些不是很容易看懂的东西后，就很有成就感，就突然觉得这篇文章我理解了，然后就会在自己的理解和诠释下答题。这时候是最容易出错的，因为这时候我们已经不是在做客观题，而是做主观题。阅读考查的是读者对作者意图的接受程度。3.如果都不是，那么就要问问自己题目看懂了吗？考试有些题目稍不留心就会看错，最常见的就是，According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true? 同学们在考场上很容易就看错。（A）In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream(梦幻) World Cups ”in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a blue bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup makes more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favorite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup, she must have_A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football playerD. a big playground2. The next World Cup will be held in_.A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 20043. From the passage, in the picture children drew many things except_.A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers4. In “Dream World Cup”, the children drew the flags of some countries_.A. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their storiesC. to show their good wishes for the football teamsD. to show their new ideas about football5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because_.A. they are interested in football B. they are football fansC. they think their favorite players are great D. all of A,B and C（B）In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerres way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many picture of great people .The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photos were nor just copies of the real world .They showed and feelings, like other kinds of art.6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of _A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window7. The Daguerreotype was_.A. a FrenchmanB. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to_.A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive cameraC. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him.9. Mathew Brady_.A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual picturesC. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people10. This passage tells us_.A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in picturesC. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras（C）Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽车)A small car can hold(容纳)four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel. They could all travel together.Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents home, the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family is traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.11. From the passage, a van is also called _.A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they_.A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents houseC. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with_.A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans14. Americans usually use motor home_.A. to travel with all the family members of holidayB. to do some shopping with all the family membersC. to visit their grandparents at weekendsD. to drive their children to school every day15. Motor homes have become popular because_.A. they can take people to another city when people are freeB. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidaysC. some people think motor homes are cheapD. big families can put more things in motor homes（D）Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captains（船长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.16. Surtsey is _.A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcanoC. a fishing boat D. a place in Iceland17. Scientists flew there _.A. to watch the birth of the island B. to save the fishing boatC. to learn about the island D. to build a house18. When did scientist fly there to watch?A. Before the volcano broke out. B. As soon as the volcano broke out.C. About four days after the volcano broke out. D. After the volcano stopped rushing up.19. Put the following sentences in correct order.a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island appeared in the sea.c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland.e. The island grew quickly.A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-eC .a-b-e-c-dD. b-e-d-a-c20. The best title of this article is _.A. A new island B. The birth of an islandC. A new world D. Scientists discovered Surtsey(E)On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon（气球）.They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope（绳子）,and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight（重量）.It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so theyclimbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Polandheavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!21. Three men flew in balloon _.A. for nearly 1,800 kilometers B. to another cityC. to visit Poland D. more than a century ago22. The metal box was used for _.A. carrying the bags of sand B. keeping drinking-waterC. carrying ropes of the basket D. changing weight23. When the balloon went up higher, _.A. the temperature of the balloon began to fall B. They saw the su