河南省淅川县第二高级中学高中英语 Book6 Unit1 Art语法虚拟语气学案（无答案）新人教版选修6.doc

高二年级英语 选修六第一单元学案-subjunctive mood虚拟语气【目标解读】1. to learn the use of subjunctive moon in different situations 2. to learn to identify and use subjunctive mood correctly in the exercises. 【自主观察并学习虚拟语气】 想一想 请观察下列几组句子，想一想并说出其中谓语动词的用法有何特点。1. a. he said that her homework had been handed before 10 oclock.b. he suggested that her homework (should) be handed before 10 oclock.2. a. he saw the movie yesterday.b. he must have seen the movie yesterday.c. he should have studied at home yesterday. 3. a. if it rains tomorrow, i will stay at home surfing on the internetb. if i had followed my teachers advice, i would have passed in the english test.c. .i passed in the english test.4. a. he walks as if he is drunk.b. he treats the orphan as if she were his own child.c. the two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years. 5. a. he will come here tomorrow.b. i hope that he will come here tomorrow.c. i wish that he would come here tomorrow.d. if only he would come here tomorrow!e. i would rather that he would come here tomorrow.学一学 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句、让步从句和名词性从句中。通过观察、分析以上几组例句，我们可以发现与之相对应的虚拟语气用法原则：一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法：1. 与现在事实相反或实现可能性不大：if+ 从句(谓语用did/were)，主句 (谓语用would/should/could/might+do)。注意：be的过去式通常用were。 if i were you, i would study hard. if it rained, i would not be here now.2. 与过去事实相反：if+ 从句(谓语用had done)，主句 (谓语用would/should/could/might + have done)。 if the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. if i had not studied hard, i would have failed in the exam last term.3. 与将来事实相反：if+从句(did/werewere to doshould do),主句(谓语用would/should/could/might+do)。if it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. if i were to go to the moon one day, i could see it with my own eyes. if you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.请关注 1、if条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“错综时间虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但主从句都要对应遵守上述句型。 if i were you（现在）, i would have taken(过去) his advice. if i had taken my raincoat with me this morning(过去), i would not be(现在)wet now. 3、当从句谓语中有were / had / should时，可将if省略，而将were / had / should 提前。即：省if倒装虚拟 if the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. =_, the boy would have saved. if i were to go to the moon one day, i would see it with my own eyes.=_, i would see it with my own eyes. if it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. =_, we would stay at home.4. 用without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子代替if虚拟从句,即含蓄虚拟条件。 without you, i would never know him. but for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well. but that she was afraid, she would have said no. i would be most glad to help you, but i am busy now. i would have come to the party yesterday, but i was working. i am busy now, otherwise i would do you the favor!练一练 用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。1. had the weather been good, we _ (go) out for a walk.2. if there _ (be) any change about the date, i would inform you in time.3. if i _ (leave) sooner, id have caught the bus.4. _ (be) i to do the work, i should do it in a different way. 5. had i turned off the electric heater, the house _ (not catch) fire. =_, the house6. if you _ (come) yesterday, you would have met that famous professor. =_, you would have met that famous professor.二、虚拟语气在下列特殊句型的用法：wish + 宾语从句（谓语用虚拟即在原本时态往过去退一步） 1. 从句的谓语用did/were （表示现在不能实现的愿望）；a. wish + 2. 从句的谓语用had + done（表示过去没有实现的愿望）； 3. 从句的谓语用would /could/might + do （表示将来不能实现的愿望）。 i wish i were you. i wish i had visited the white house when i was in the us. i wish i met you tomorrow at the party.即时操练 i wish i _ a bird. (be) i wish i _ such a mistake yesterday. (not make) we wish our parents _ us next time. (not punish)b. would rather 1. 从句的谓语用did/were （对现在虚拟）as if + 2. 从句的谓语用had + done（对过去虚拟） if only 3. 从句的谓语用did/were 或would /could/might + do（对将来虚拟）注意 as if / as though引导的从句如果是事实或可能性很大时，多用陈述语气，特别是在句型“it looks as if . / it seems as if .”中，用陈述语气较常见。如：it seems as if the teacher is not satisfied with our performance.better take an umbrella with you. it looks as if a big storm is just around the corner.即时操练 1. i would rather you _(pay) me now. 2. i would rather you _(not come) yesterday. 3. dont leave. i would rather you _(leave) tomorrow. 4. she loves the baby as if it _ her own son. (be)5. it seems as if it _ spring. (be)6. i remember the whole thing as if it _yesterday. (happen) 7. the two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. (be) 8. look at the dark clouds! it looks as if it _(rain).9. if only i _ his name! (know)10. if only we _ your advice! (follow)11. if only i _ him again! (see)12. if only his wife _ the flight from malaysia to beijing last week! (miss)c. its time句型：当its time后用that从句时应该为：its (high/about) time that+主语谓语（shoulddo或did）你该上学了。/你上学的时候到了。 its time that you went to school. = its time that you should go to school.即时操练 我们该吃午饭了。_ _三名词性从句中的虚拟语气a在表示命令、建议、要求、坚持的词所引出的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,其基本句型是： suggest/advise/order/demand/require/insist + 从句（主语（should）do/be done） mother insisted that john go to bed at 9 oclock.（宾语从句） we suggested that the meeting should not be held. it was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句） the suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句） that is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。比较练习并归纳总结 suggest _insist _ a. the doctor suggested that she_ (take) more exercise.b. the puzzled look in his eyes suggested that he _(know) nothing about it. a. he insisted that she _(finish) the task before two oclock.b. he insisted that he _ (not steal) my money he insisted that he _ (be) right and we _ (take) his advice.即时操练 1. 我们建议tom去休息一下。_2. 他坚决要求我到场。_3. 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。_4. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。_b. its necessary/strange/natural/important/essential+that+从句主语+ (should)+do/be done a pity/ a shameit is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. it is strange that she refuse to come to the party. its necessary that we should study hard. it is a pity that he should be so careless.即时操练 1. 我们有必要出去散散步。_ 2. 她这样做是很自然的。 _3. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 _ 4. 真遗憾你竟如此粗心大意._四情态动词 + have donea. “情态动词+ have done” 表猜测 must + have done （肯定猜测且可能性大） 意为“过去一定做过某事”may/might + have done （肯定猜测且可能性小）意为“过去可能做过某事”cant + have done （否定句/疑问句中的猜测） 意为“过去不可能做过某事”he must have read the novel before.she may have met tom last sunday.i cant have passed the final exam.复习它的反意疑问句 用_法1. he must have seen the film yesterday, _?2. he must have seen the film before, _?3. he must have been seeing the film this time yesterday, _?4. he must be seeing the film now, _?b. “情态动词+ have done” 表责备 should(nt) + have done （表示过去本该做某事而未做/过去本不该做某事却做了）ought(nt) to + have done（表示过去本该做某事而未做/过去本不该做某事却做了）could + have done（表示过去本能做某事而未做到）neednt + have done（表示过去本没必要做某事却做了）即时操练 1、你本不该告诉他真相。_2、mary本能够通过这次测试的，但她太粗心了。_3、车站那么近，我们本没必要乘出租车去那的。_五动词to have doneexpect/intend/plan + to have done 意为“本期望