定语从句虚拟语气练习与讲解.doc

虚拟语气1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1.真实条件句当as if ,if 的从句如果是事实或可能性很大时，多用陈述语气。特别是在“It seems as if./It looks as if.”句型中，用陈述语气较多。 If he comes, he will bring his violin.If you leave now, you will be angery.It sounds as if it is raining例：The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1） 在真实条件句中，主句用shall, will表将来.2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而用一般现在时的动词形式。2.非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。可以用着表示虚拟时态的词语 if, as if, otherwise, but for要不是, or, without, in case假如, so long as, supposing/support that假如, provided/providing that如果,it is (high, about) time 或其它表示命令、建议、要求的词后条件从句主句 同现在事实相反的假设一般过去时（were, did）should( would，might,could) +动词原形与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时( had done)should(would, might,could) have+ 过去分词表示对将来的假想一般过去时 （were, did）were+ 不定式 ( were to do)should+ 动词原形(should do) should+ 动词原形would + 动词原形例：If they were here, they would help you.If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.But for the traffic jam, we should have arrived earlier. Supporing that she did not come, we would still go.You look as if you didn t care3.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were， 即在从句中be用were代替。例： If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。1._ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.4.特殊的虚拟语气词：should1） It is demanded / necessary/ no wonder / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 例：It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用，在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 例：I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:1.You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. 2. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 3. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. 4. I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.5.wish的用法1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：状况主句wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望现在时would/could动词原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.6.比较if only与only ifonly if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了,谓语用过去的某种时态。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。练习：1. Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. came D. had come 3. Its quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _, I would still go to the park. A. should rain B. would rain C. rains D. had rained4. I _ if she _ me. A. would have overslept, didnt call B. would have overslept, hadnt called C. overslept, hadnt called D. would overslept, didnt call5. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. should do; be setD. had done; must be set7. The new airport _ if they had not stopped working on it.A. would completeB. had been completedC. had completedD. would have been completed8. The doctor did everything he could so that he _ save the soldiers life.A. mightB. must C. had to D. was able to9. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq.A. leave; forB. leave; toC. left; toD. to be left; for10. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey11. He talked as if he _ for years.A. is living thereB. was living thereC. has lived there D. had lived there12. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _much easier.A. will beB. would beC. could have been D. would have been 13. I stayed at hotel while in NY. Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara. A. would stayB. could stayC. could have stayedD. must have stayed14. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been15. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave16. He treated me as though _ his own son.A. I amB. I would beC. I was D. I were17. _ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must18. _ to do the work, I should do it some other way.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I19. _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received 20. _, he would have passed the exam.A. If he were to study B. If he studied hardC. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard 21. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved22. You _ earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would come B. should have come C. may come D. have come23. He smiled as if he _ my thoughts.A. read B. was readingC. had read D. has read24. I _