亦称连系动词.seemdoc.doc

系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 编辑本段分类1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 编辑本段注意事项系动词本身有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时，必须注意以下几个问题： 1. be是最重要的系动词，主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed. 后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed by me.还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。如：My job is teaching English.后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。表示人体感官的系动词有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词；表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词，become后面接单数名词时，名词前要用不定冠词，turn后面接单数名词时，名词前不用不定冠词；表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue，keep，remain，stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示状态的形容词；表示判断的系动词有seem和appear，后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。4.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词的用法。系动词部分主要注意：其后要求接形容词，而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例：The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意：在这句话里，taste做系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词。）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意：在这句话中，taste做实意动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词做状语。） 编辑本段专项训练1. What is Mr Wang like?_.A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kindC. He looks like a balloonD. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds_.A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three.A. turned B. goes C. became D. went4. When he was a child he_ .A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true5. His voice_ as if he has a cold.A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton.A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems7. He looks _ he hadnt had a good meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far8. It _that he was late for the train.A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems9. These apples taste_.A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. Do you like the shirt?Yes, it _ very soft.A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleepA. kept B. got C. fell D. fall12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark.A. going B. getting C. running D. coming13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one.A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet.A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She_ like her mother in character.A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It_ another fine day tomorrow.A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He _ much younger than he really is.A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns 18. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick?A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked19. His wish to become a driver has _true.A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown20. Her father _a writer.A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become答案与分析1. B Whats.like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语，答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。 2. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接形容词作表语，答案B、C、D均为副词。3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时，用系动词go表示。4. C run wild是固定搭配，表示“放荡不羁”。5. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接as if 引导的表语从句，表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。6. C feel作系动词用时，表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。 7. B as if引导表语从句时，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，从句谓语用过去完成式。 8. D “ It seems that” 表示“看起来”。是固定句型，强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。9. D taste表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。 10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时，是系动词，用于一般现在时。11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。12. B get表示“逐渐起来”、“开始起来”时，是系动词，多用于进行时。13. A prove表示“证明是”时，是系动词。14. D smell表示“有的气味”、“散发气味”时，是系动词，后面接形容词。15. C belike表示“看起来像”时，既可指外貌，又可指品质和特征，侧重于特征。16. B promise表示“有的可能”、“给人以的指望”时，是系动词，后面接名词作表语。17. A appear表示“看起来”时，是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象，常为“假象”。18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，用进行时态，常带有感情色彩。19. C come true是固定搭配，表示“实现”，其中come是系动词，表示“成为”、“变得”。20. D become表示“变成”，作系动词用，在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。系动词亦称联系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 系动词可分为：1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look 4）感官系动词，感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste 5）变化系动词，这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达证实，变成之意系动词to be练习题三、选择填空()1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. A. am, Am, areB. is, Are, amC. am, Are, amD. are, Is, am()2. The girl _ Jacks classmate. A. amB. is,C. areD. 不填()3. Jack and Lin Tao _ at school.A. areB. is,C. amD. 不填()4. _ is an English teacher. A. HeB. WeC. YouD. I() 5. _ your brother in the classroom? A. IsB. AreC. AmD. are()6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. A. are, isB. is, isC. am, areD. is, are()7. _you in Class One?A. Is B. Am C. AreD. are()8. The dog _ tall and fat.A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()9. Your classroom _big and clean .A. am B. is C. areD. 不填()10. Whose socks _ they? A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()11. Miss Li and Mr. Li _your English teachers.A. am B. is C. areD. 不填()12. You, he and I _ from China.A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()13. The pencils _ on the desk. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()14. Here _ a map of our country. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()15. Where _ you from? I _ from China.A. am, areB. is, amC. are, amD. are, is()16. The picture _ on the wall. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()17. The girls _ in the classroom. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()18. Lucy _ younger than Lily. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()19. We _pupils of this school.A. am B. is C. areD. 不填()20. Mikes shirts _ over there. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填() 21. _ your mother a waitress? A. AmB. IsC. AreD. 不填() 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pen. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()23. I _ fine today. A. amB. isC. areD. 不填()24. _ your father a farmer? No, he _. He _ a worker.A. Is,is, isB. Are,isnt,isC. Are, are, areD. Is, isnt, is() 25. North _ up. Where _ east? A. am, isB. is, areC. are, areD. is, is四、选择并改错：1、We is a happy family. ( ) _2、 I is a boy. ( ) _3、Are your father a teacher? ( ) _4、Peter and I am good friends. ( ) _5、Am your sister a waitress? ( ) _6、What colour is its stars? ( ) _7、 ( ) _8、( ) _9、 Are you a driver? Yes, Im. ( ) _10、Their school are big. ( ) _11、Kim am from Canada. ( ) _12、Where is the U.K.? It west of China. ( ) _13、I are in Class Two. ( ) _14、What country are this? ( ) _15、 ( ) _16、 ( ) _17、When are your birthday? ( ) _18、These is the Rocky Mountains. ( ) _19、Are the books Jennys? Yes, they is. ( ) _20、Where is your father? Are he at home? ( ) _21、You and Tom is friends. ( ) _23、How old are your mother? ( ) _二讲系动词to be一、掌握be动词及其用法。动词时表示动作或状态的词。表示状态的动词（动词又称为be动词）。to be 在小学阶段有两种用法：(1)作为实义动词，am, is, are翻译成“是”的意思。(2)助动词，即用在现在进行时中，无实际意义。am, is, are是be动词在不同情况下的不同形式。它们必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。顺口溜：我用am，你用are，单数is，复数are。人称单数复数第一I am我是We are我们是第二You are你是You are你们是第三He/She/It is他、她、它是They are他们、她们、它们是二、be动词可以和主语缩写。如：I am=Im; you are=youre; he is=hes; she is =shes; it is=its; we are=were; they are=theyre; Tom is= Toms; that is=thats; what is=whats; who are=whore等等。但要注意：不能缩写的要特殊记忆， this isthiss; Yes, he is. Yes, hes.练习题一、用am, is, are填空。1. Bob _ a driver.2. We _ a happy family.3. Mr. and Mrs. Green _ my uncle and aunt.4. Li Yuns son _ my cousin.5. I _ younger than my grandmother. 6. It _ a photo of Mr. Black s family.7. This _ an apple. That _ a pear.8. Henry and Helen _ pupils.9. My sister _too young.10. They_ from the U.S.11. These_ some men and women. Those_some children.12. Aunt Wanrong _ my mothers sister.13. The monkeys _ very funny.14. He _ an old man.15. Sam _ my best friend.16. Books _ our best friend.17. How old _Jenny? She _ 12 years old.18. Lynn _ 8 years old.19. My eyes_black.20. The dog _ tall and fat.21. This _ a picture of her family.22. Mary and I _ at the zoo.23. He _ my Uncle Daochao.24. They _not teachers. 25. Aunt Meiping _ my uncles wife.26. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 27. I _ a student.She _ a student,too.28. Her eyes_ blue.29. She _ younger than Jenny.30. His glasses _ new. 二、用be动词填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. What _ that? It _ a football. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. _ Li Ming ten years old? No, he _.8. _she Jing? No, she _ not.9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. Where_ his pens? They_ on the desk. 12. Who _ that? _ it Jim? Yes，I think you _ right. 13. The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. _ Danny a boy ? Yes,he _.20. Gao Shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _David and Helen from England? Yes, they _.24. You, he and I _ from China.25. I _ Lilys best friend. This _ a picture of her family. Lily _ a pupil. She _ ten. There _ four people in her family. Lilys father _ a worker. Her mother _ a teacher. She _ many students. Her father and mother _ one daughter: Lily! She _ an uncle. Her uncle _ a doctor. He _ a car. They _ a lovely dog. They _ a happy family.1、不定冠词a， an a用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a booka useful book a “u”ju:sfulju:an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an applean houran “F”au ef2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物The book on the desk is mine.2)世上独一无二的事物前the sun ， the moon， the earth， the sky3)形、副最高级及序数词前The third boy is the tallest of all.He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇”。the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词. 表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.2) play the violin / piano练习1.There is _ “s” in _ word “bus”.A. a ; aB. an ; theC. a ; theD. an ; a2.Maths is _ useful subject. You cant drop it ， I think.A. an B. a C. theD. /3._ bad weather it is!A. How B. What a C. How a D. What4.What color is _ orange?-Its _ orange.A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; /D. / ; an5.Mr. Li is _ old worker.A. anB. a C. someD. /6.Look at _ picture! Theres _ house in it.A. a ; aB. the ; theC. a ; the D. the; a7.One morning he found _ handbag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag.A. a ; an ; theB. a ; a ; theC. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a8.What _ interesting story it is!A. aB. an C. theD. /9.Meimei is _ best student in her class.A. aB. anC. / D. the10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.A. a ; /B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the11.Is _ book on the desk miine? Yes.A. the B. a C. an D. /12.Even while he was in _ hospital， he went on writing songs.A. a B. anC. theD. /13.Dont read _.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed14.Smith is _ honest man.A. a B. theC. anD. /15.China has _ population of 1，200，000，000.A. /B. an C. the D. a16.Whats _ for “椅.子”?A. English B. an EnglishC. the EnglishD. any English17.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls.A. the B. a C. an D. much18._ young must look after _ old.A. The ; a B. The ; theC. A ; a D. A ; the19. _ earth is one of _ planets.A. The ; suns B. The ; the sunC. The ; the sunsD. The ; the suns20.Tokyo is _.A. the capital of JapanB. capital of JapanC. Japan capitalD. a capital of Japan21.Kate sometimes plays _ violin and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper.A. / ; the B. the ; /C. the ; theD. / ; /22. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ red one ? I saw i