2012年职称英语考试理工类A级真题试卷及参考答案(二).doc

2012年职称英语考试理工类A级真题试卷及参考答案（二）收集：博大教育专家 来源：/article-5958.html?page=1第四部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Small But WiseOn December 14，NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Dont let its small size fool you：WISE has a powerful digital camera，and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe，including asteroids，faint stars，blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.“Im very excited because were going to be seeing parts of the universe that we havent seen before，” said Ned Wright，a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space，the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth，held by gravity in a polar orbit(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap).Its camera is pointed outward，away from the Earth，and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE wont be like everyday digital photographs，however.WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.” As its name suggests，the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light，including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow，is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree，for example，it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens，theyre processed by the camera，which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light，so ordinary digital cameras dont see them，and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye，longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.Thats a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes cant. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids，for example，are giant rocks that float through spacebut they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They dont reflect light，so theyre difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation，so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISEs pictures.These objects are “failed” stars-which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead，brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.Theyre so dim that theyre almost impossible to see with visible light，but in the infrared spectrum they glow.31. What is so special about WISE?A. It is as small as a trashcan.C. Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.B. It is small in size but carries a large camera.D. Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.答案：D32. The camera on WISEA. produces images of objects giving off infrared radiation.B. is equipped with expensive computersC. reflects light visible to the human eyeD. is similar to an ordinary digital camera答案：A33. It is true that infrared radiationA. is not detectable to humanB. looks bright than visible lightC. is visible light reflected off an objectD. has longer waves that those of visible light答案：D34. Which of the following statements about asteroid is NOT true?A. The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids.B. They do not reflect light that reaches them.C. They are invisible to ordinary camera.D. They float through space giving off visible light.答案：D35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that brown dwarfs?A. are power stars like the sun.B. give off visible light.C. become massive and active.D. are invisible to the WISE telescope.答案：B第二篇Download Knowledge Directly to Your BrainFor the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. Its not quite as advanced as an instant kung-fu download, and its not as sleek as cognitive inception, but its still an important finding that could lead to new teaching and rehabilitation techniques.Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark for teaching another person a new activity, according to the researchers.Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the learning process. They were examining the adult brains aptitude for visual perceptual learning, or VPL, in which repetitive training improves a persons performance on a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an ongoing debate in neuroscience.Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe, researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeedback to stimulate the visual cortex. First they showed participants circles at different orientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants brain activity. The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate this visual cortex activity.The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. The participants were asked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to make a solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they werent told anything about what the disc meant. The researchers watched the participants brain activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.“Participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,” the study authors write, “or the activation in one region relative to that in another region.”This worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning, the researchers said.“The most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature, without presenting the feature or subjects awareness of what was to be learned,” Watanabe said in a statement.Watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool.“It can incept a person to acquire new learning, skills, or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge that has been damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a persons awareness of what is learned or memorized,” they write.36. What have researchers been able to do with the help of the study?A. make a person know how to do something without learningB. set up different learning patterns for different peopleC. Enable people to learn kung fu instantlyD. Discover a persons learning process in the brain答案: D37. What helps a person to do a particular task better in visual perceptual learning?A. Testing .B. Encouragement.C. Repetition.D. self- assessment.答案：C38. Which of the following statements is true of the experiment participants?A. They were not told what to be learned in the experiment.B. They learned how to control MRL machines in the experiment.C. They were paid to take part in the experiment.D. They were not cooperative in the experiment.答案：B39. The finding of the study is most significant in that learningA. is full of funB. is visualizedC. becomes unnecessaryD. happens unconsciously答案：B40. Who are most likely to benefit from the stability?A. senior peopleB. teenagerC. musiciansD. Athletes博大考神答案：A第三篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century， new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan， however， was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. Then，in 1972，a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP)。 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases， people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH)。GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care， education， and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy， protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally， people are happier when they have a good， stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks， and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008，King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king， it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally， Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people，cultures，and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil， perhaps the rest of the world will follow.41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A president.B. A Buddhist priest.C. A general.D. A king.博大考神答案：D42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its population grow.B. To keep it separate from the world.C. To encourage its people to get rich.D. To keep its tradition and customs.博大考神答案：D43. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. selling more products.B. spending more money.C. spending less money.D. providing more jobs.答案：A44. According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have new technology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable government.D. have more money.答案：C45. Today, many countries areA. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.答案：D第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。The Mysteries of NazcaIn the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑) people for decades. (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they werent discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to xxxxx(单词暂不明) and a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle (记录) of the movement of the stars and planets. (48) xxxxx an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldnt find any relation between the lines and movements in space.Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. xxxxx researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes xxxxx and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. Its possible that xxxxx, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. (49) But xxxxx people have never constructed anything this big.Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated xxxxx lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the xxxxx receives only 2cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for xxxxx water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient xxxxx were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant xxxxx underground water in the area. (50)A. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.B. A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.C. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.D. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.E. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.F. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.46题答案：E47题答案：B48题答案：F49题答案：D50题答案：A第6部分：完形填空(第5265题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Solar Power without Solar CellsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.The researchers found a way to make an optical _(51), said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.Light has electric and magnetic _(52). Until now, scientists thought the effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be _ (53). What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not _ (54) electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength _ (55) to a strong electric effect.This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation, Rand said. In solar cells, the _ (56) goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power _ (57). What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of optical rectification, says William Fisher, a doctoral student in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, lights electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling _ (58) of the positive and negative charges in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to _ (59) in a battery.Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the lights magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through a _ (60) that does not conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter. Sunlight isnt this _ (61) on its own, but new materials