河南省灵宝市第三高级中学高二英语 Unit13 lesson3语法情态动词导学案.doc

河南省灵宝市第三高级中学2013-2014学年高二英语导学案5：unit13 lesson3语法情态动词【考点一 情态动词的基本用法】1can 和could的用法(1)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 how could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(2)cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。you cant be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。2may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意义。在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用might。may i play basketball this afternoon?“今天下午我可以打篮球吗？”no，you may not. “不，不行。” “may as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。you may as well do it at once. 你最好马上就做这件事。we may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。(2)may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。may i use your car? no，you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用：sorry，but i am using it now.或youd better not.等)must i work out the problem tonight? no，you neednt. 3must (1)表示禁止(用于否定句)you must not speak ill of others. 你一定不要说别人的坏话。smoking must not be allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。 (2)表示“偏执”，“固执”must you make so much noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？if you must smoke，please go out. 如果你偏要吸烟，那你就出去吧。4shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。shall we begin our class? 我们可以开始上课吗？shall the driver wait outside? 司机在外边等着可以吗？ (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。i promised he shall get a present for his birthday.我许诺给他一件生日礼物。you shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。5will和would的用法作情态动词的will，would与作助动词的will，would的各种形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。john promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。i have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。(3)would 表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。last year our english teacher would sometimes tell us stories in english after class.去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们讲英语故事。【考点二 情态动词的“推测”用法】表示对目前或将来情况的推测往往用“情态动词动词原形”这种结构。1can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。mr.bush is on time for everything.how can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？the story cant be true. 这个故事不可能是真的。2may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。may在疑问句中不能表示推测。peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。he must be ill.he looks so pale. 他准是病了，他的脸色苍白。its the office！so you must know eating is not allowed here.“这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。”oh，sorry. “噢，对不起。”4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。there shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。5表示对现在正在发生的事情进行推测要用“情态动词be现在分词”这种结构。这种结构在高考题中出现的次数不太多，但也提醒考生注意。my mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now.现在我母亲一定正在花园里浇花。the students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.此刻学生们有可能正在爬山。【考点三 情态动词+have+过去分词用法】表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测常用“情态动词have过去分词”这种结构。1can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。do you know where david is？i couldnt find him anywhere. “你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。 well.he cant have gone farhis coats still here.“大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。”the accident could have been avoided. 这场事故本来是可以避免的。2may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。sorry，im late.i might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。3must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。he must have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.他一定是已经完成工作了，否则他不会在海边玩得那么高兴了。4ought to/should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldnt have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。im not feeling well in the stomach.i shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才真不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。5neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。catherine，i have cleaned the room for you. “catherine，我已替你打扫了房间。”thanks.you neednt have done it.i could manage it myself.“谢谢。你本来不必做，我自己可以做的。”【实战高考】1.we _have bought so much food now that suzie wont be with us for dinner. 【2012江西卷】amay notbneedntccantdmustnt 2.sorry, i am too busy now. if i _ time, i would certainly go for an outing with you. 2012湖南卷 a. have hadb. had hadc. haved. had3.-_you interrupt now? cant you see im on the phone? 【2012重庆卷】 -sorry sir, but its urgent. a. can b. should c. must d. would4. one of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. 【2012辽宁卷】a. might b. could c. shall d. will5. i got close enough to hear them speaking chinese, and i said “ni hao ” just as i _ do in china. 【2012四川卷】a. must b. might c. can d. should 6. if my car _more reliable, i would have driven to lhasa instead of flying last summer. 【2012陕西卷】a. was b. had beenc. should be d. would be7.i_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 【2012陕西卷】a. wont b. cant c. can d. will8. i _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 【2012全国新课程】a. couldnt b. mustnt c. shouldnt d. neednt9. if we _adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. 【2012山东卷】a. havent madeb. wouldnt make c. didnt make d. hadnt made10. we lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_more places of interest yesterday. 【2012福建卷】a. visited b. had visited c. would visit d. would have visited【专题训练】1. not every prisoner can travel，and we have strict and fair regulations. those selected _have performed well in the prison and are going to be released soon.a. couldb. might c. must d. should2 i am going to buy the overcoat if the shop owner _lower the price.amust bshould ccould dwill3. according to the school rules, no student_go out of the school after eleven oclock. awill bmust cmay dshall4.im leaving now. its so late. better stay with me. call a taxi if you_.awill bmust c. would dmay5.what do you mean by this?no need for you to worry about your money and be angry with me. you _get it this afternoon. a. will b. shall c. may d. need6. you _get the book on condition that you give it back to me in time.ashould bmust cought to dshall7 according to the school rules, no student_go out of school without the permission of the teachers. awill bmust cmay dshall8.it was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.he would be still alive today if he _that drug.a. not takeb. shouldnt have taken c. didnt taked. hadnt taken9. its a very kind offer, but i really _accept it. a. mustnt b. neednt c. cant d. dont10. i saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport.why didnt you drive him there.i._ but my car_.a. would；was fixed b. would have；was fixed c. would have；was being fixed d. did；was being fixed11. you_practise the drums while the baby is sleeping. a. neednt b. mightnt c. mustnt d. wont12. you_him the news; he knew it already. a. neednt tell b. neednt have told c. mightnt tell d. mightnt have told13. “isnt it about time you _to do morning exercises？” “yes, it is. would you like to join us？” a. begin b. have begun c. began d. had begun14. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i_in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown. a. wouldnt have fallen b. had not fallen c. should fall d. were to fall15.