河南省虞城县第一初级中学中考英语 被动语态复习教案 人教新目标版.doc

被动语态复习教案teaching aims：了解被动的语态的相关知识，并能够熟练解决被动语态的相关问题。main and difficult points：熟练运用各种时态的被动语态。一. 回答下列问题：1.英语中有那两种语态？主动语态和被动语态。2.主动语态表示什么？主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。3.被动语态表示什么?被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：many people speak english.(主动语态) english is spoken by many people.(被动语态)二. 被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词注: 助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。其变化规则与 be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态中be在各时态中的具体形式： 1.一般现在时中,be是am,is ,are的形式。例句: i am taught to study english. we are taught to study english.2.一般过去时中，be是was,were的形式。例句: i /she was taught to study english. we were taught to study english3.一般将来时中，be是will be 的形式。 例句: i /she/we will be taught to study english4.现在完成时中被动语态的构成:have / has been +done例句: the work has been finished. why havent they been invented.5.现在进行时态中被动语态的构成:be being +done例句: new bridge is being built near our school. 6.含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:can/ may /must/should + be + done+（by s b）例句：the dictionary must be taken good care of。can the work be done in two days。三. 被动语态的用法：1. 不知道动作的发出者,或不必要说明动作的发出者。例句：silk is produced in suzhou and hangzhou。2.对动作的承受者进行强调时,要用被动语态。例句：bicycles are widely used in china.四. 主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲:1. 主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。2. 谓语动词变为被动语态。3.主动结构主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介 词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动词执行者无须说明或强调时，by短语可以省略。look and find out the similarities (相同点):football is played all over the worlda camera is used for taking photos.a bank was robbed yesterday.a man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.the tree must be planted on the ground.the ground will be covered with trees in a few years time. the ground will be covered with trees in a few years time. they will be sent to the hospital right now.a talk will be given soon.the earth is being dug now.the food has been eaten up already.conclusion:(一)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p.一般现在时 amis are + vt.p.p.一般过去时 waswere +vt.p.p.情态动词 aux.v. (mustcancouldmay+ be + vt.p.p.)现在进行时 be(am、is、are)+being +vt.p.p.一般将来时 will bebe going to be + vt.p.p.现在完成时 havehas +been+ vt.p.p.turn the following sentences into the passive voice:1. many people speak english.2. he bought me a new bike yesterday. 3. the boss made him do the heavy work in the old days.4. tom must hand in the composition after class. 5. the rain stopped.6. the soup tastes delicious.conclusion:(二)五. 不用被动语态的情况 ：1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, occur ,take placethe story was happened in 1934. ( ）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit i have a new bike.3）连系动词不用被动语态；the story is sounded true. ( ）4）有些短语不用被动语态 do ones best, make a face, make room(腾位子） make up ones mindbelong to5.特殊情况 （考试重点 ）1）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表示被动。how sweet the music sounds ! good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、drink、wash、open/shut常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。the book sells well . 这本书销路很好。 the door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 ) this dress washes better . the sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 ) 3）在 “主 be 形容词不定式”的结构中，主语是不定式动词动作的承受者。e.g. he is easy to get along with.the sentence is difficult to understand.the question is easy to answer.4). be to blamee.g. he is to blame for the broken window. 5）need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。the desk needs repairing. the novel is worth seeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：the desk needs repairing.the desk needs to be repaired this afternoon.注意动名词的被动形式，（being done) nobody likes being laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。5) be worth doing e.g. the book is worth reading.六.练习:1.the key _for locking the classroom door.a.uses b. is used c.is using d.use2.a new school _over there in two years. (四川中考题) a.may built b.may be built c. is built 3. he was made _yesterday. (辽宁省中考题) a.cry b.to cry c.crying d.to be cried4.the prc_on october 1,1949. a.was found b. is found c.was founded d.is founded 5.a talk on chinese history_in the school hall next week. a.is given b.has been given c.will be given d.willgive (天津市中考题)ii.当堂作业:句型转换：1.they play basketball in their school.(改为同意句) basketball_ _in their school by them.2.whats her name ? can you tell me ? (合为一句) can you tell me _ _ _ _?3.i saw her run into the old house just now.(改为同意句) she was _ _run into the old house just now.4.we should listen to the teacher carefully.(改为同意句) the teacher should be _ _carefully.5.dont play football on the road.(改为同意句) football _ _ _ on the road.iii. reading comprehension:now scientists are trying to turn deserts into good land again. they want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow food there. however, more and more land is becoming the deserts. why is this happening? there are two reasonsland and wood. in many places the trees have been cut down because the land was needed for people. in other parts, the trees are cut down because their wood is wanted. but many people dont know that in most places the trees wont be replaced（取代）. the soil in the forests is very thin, but it is protected by the trees. when the trees are cut down, the soil is washed away by the rain or blown away by the wind. soon nothing can grow on it. the land becomes a desert. who is to blame（应负责、责备）for this? the answer is easy: all of us. there are just too many people in the world. the worlds population is now six billion. you might say: we dont cut down trees. yes, but just look around. youre probably using its products（产品）right now. ( ) 1. scientists are trying to bring _ to the deserts. a. food b. planes c. water d. animals( ) 2. the _ are important to protect the soil. a. rain b. trees c. land d. wood( ) 3. in most places after the trees are cut down, _. a. they can grow again b. they will disappear forever c. new trees can grow better d. new forests will appear( ) 4. the reason for the bad cycle（循环）is that _. a. people need more land to grow food b