浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解（2）.doc

科普知识阅读理解（2）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2013山东,c)改编you cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.but designer mikhail belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.thats why he created lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rainsensing umbrella.the designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in russia.“once,i was driving on a central saint petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.i thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said.the lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.it has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.in addition to the rain sensor,theres also a 360 motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the lampbrella.after three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.according to the designer,the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.while there are no plans to take the lampbrella into production,belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one moscow department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.1.for what purpose did belyaev create the lampbrella?()a.to predict a heavy rain.b.to check the weather forecast.c.to protect people from the rain.d.to remind people to take an umbrella.2.what do we know from belyaevs words in paragraph 2?()a.his creation was inspired by an experience.b.it rains a lot in the city of saint petersburg.c.street lamps are protected by canopies.d.he enjoyed taking walks in the rain.3.which of the following shows how the lampbrella works?()a.motorcanopysensorsb.sensorsmotorcanopyc.motorsensorscanopyd.canopymotorsensors4.what does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?()a.its moving speed.b.its appearance.c.its installation.d.its safety.5.what can be inferred from the last paragraph?()a.the designer will open a company to promote his product.b.the lampbrella could be put into immediate production.c.the designer is confident that his creation is practical.d.the lampbrella would be put on show in moscow.语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。答案及剖析:1.c细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知,他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋。2.a推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,belyaev讲述了他发明灯伞的过程,是在圣彼得堡的一次下雨时的见闻激发了他的灵感,故a项正确。3.b细节理解题。根据文章的第三段内容可知,传感器可以感知雨水的降落,然后灯伞里的电动马达就会根据需要把伞打开或者关闭,由此可知,其顺序为:传感器马达伞篷。4.d推理判断题。第五段中提到几个关键词语:低速行驶;不会对行人造成伤害,使行人免遭雷击;离地面两米。这些都是安全方面的问题,故d项正确。5.c推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“belyaev says.insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk.”可知,他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街道上,这表明他对他的发明的实用性充满信心。【疑难词汇解读】1.shelter n.庇护,遮蔽;庇护所;避难处an old hut gave shelter from the storm.一间旧茅舍成了躲避风雨的地方。2.install vt.安装,设置(装备)theyve installed the new computer network at last.他们终于安装了新计算机网络。【长难句子分析】whilethere are on plans to takethe lampbrella into production,让步状语从句belyaev主语 says谓语 he recently introduced his creation to one宾语从句 moscow department,宾语从句 and insists谓语 his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of宾语从句people walk butthere are no canopies to provideshelter.宾语从句虽然没有把灯伞投入生产的计划,但belyaev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门,并坚持说他的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人但是没有伞篷可以避雨的街上。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2014江西八校联考)the forces that make japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.water from deep below the ground at japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.although japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.“japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said yoshiyasu takefuji，a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.the disastrous earthquake and tsunami on march 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of japans energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.artist yoko ono has called on japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.for now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.the biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.another problem is that japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“we cant even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said shigeto yamada of fuji electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.researcher hideaki matsui said，“producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.we also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”the earth policy institute in washington，us，believed japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.japanese giants such as toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.in 2010，fuji electric built the worlds largest geothermal factory in new zealand.1what would be the best title for the text?aalternative energies in japanbworlds largest geothermal plantcjapan takes the lead in geothermal technologydjapan thinks of geothermal energy2what percentage of japans energy needs is geothermal energy?aabout 8%.bbelow 1%.caround 30%.dover 80%.3according to shigeto yamada，the growth of geothermal power in japan needs_.aa change of rules bfinancial support clocal peoples helpdhigh technology4geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by_.ayoshiyasu takefuji bhideaki matsuicshigeto yamada dyoko ono5it can be learned from the last two paragraphs that_.athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by americabjapan will not export its geothermal technologycthe potential of japans geothermal energy is greatdit is hard to find geothermal energy in japan语篇解读本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。1解析：标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“we also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以d项最适合做文章的标题。答案：d2解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段“for now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in japan.”可知，答案b符合文意。答案：b3解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案a符合文意。答案：a4解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“researcher hideaki matsui said，producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.”可知，答案b符合文意。答案：b5解析：推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。答案：c阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2014泰安复习质量检测)university of maryland student ben simon and his friends couldnt stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“we basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.and we met with the dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.and they were on board，” he said.so 18 months ago，the students began what they call the food recovery network.each night，volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.so far，they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out.nationwide，$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year，according to the national resources defense council.spokesman bob keefe says that is about 40% of the countrys entire food production.“if we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%，we can feed 25 million hungry americans.that is a huge benefit.that is what programs like this food recovery network are doing，” he said.christian life center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students efforts.ben slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，“it has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.each week we are able with this food probably to feed over hundred people.”the university of marylands food recovery network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“i want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.and once we get to the food recovery nation being at every college campus in america，we want to expand to restaurants and farms.” said simon.the volunteers are committed to making that happen.1the dining services in university of maryland_.athrew out good food on the campus bsupported the volunteers jobcenjoyed the talk with the students ddonated their leftovers to the poor2volunteers from the food recovery network_.astarted the food recovery network two years agobdelivered leftovers as well as money to shelterschelped to solve the hunger issues in americaddonated leftovers to avoid food waste3ben slyes attitude toward the volunteers effort was that of_.aunconcern bdoubt cappreciationdopposition4we can learn from the text that_.aover 40% of the countrys entire food is wasted each yearbaltogether 25 million americans suffer from hunger nowadayscsimon aims to expand the prog