大学英语跨文化交际 要点汇总.ppt

要点汇总 Unit1 Economicglobalization theintegrationofnationaleconomiesintotheinternationaleconomythroughtrade foreigndirectinvestment capitalflows migration andthespreadoftechnology Globalvillage Allthedifferentpartsoftheworldformonecommunitylinkedtogetherbyelectroniccommunications especiallytheInternet Meltingpot asocio culturalassimilationofpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandnationalities CulturalDiversity themixofpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsinthelaborforcewithafullmixofculturesandsub culturestowhichmembersbelong Theconceptofculture Culture alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs values andnorms whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople Whatarethethreeingredientsofculture 1 Artifacts thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproduce 2 behavior whattheydo 3 concepts beliefs values worldviews whattheythink Theaspectsofculturethatareexplicit visible taught Theaspectsofculturethatareintangibleandnottaughtdirectly HowtounderstandCulturalIceberg CharacteristicsofCulture Cultureisshared Cultureislearned Enculturation 文化习得 alltheactivitiesoflearningone sculturearecalledenculturation Cultureisdynamic pg 6 Acculturation 文化适应 theprocesswhichadoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanothercultureanddevelopsanincreasedsimilaritybetweenthetwocultures Cultureisethnocentric 文化中心主义 Ethnocentrism thebeliefthatyourownculturalbackgroundissuperior Communication Communication meaningtosharewithortomakecommon asingivingtoanotherapartorshareofyourthoughts hopes andknowledge Interculturalcommunication communicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent p 9 10 SourceThesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshedesirestocommunicate EncodingEncodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol MessageThetermmessageidentifiestheencodedthought Encodingistheprocess theverb themessageistheresultingobject ChannelThetermchannelisusedtechnicallytorefertothemeansbywhichtheencodedmessageistransmitted Thechannelormedium then maybeprint electronic orthelightandsoundwavesoftheface to facecommunication NoiseThetermnoisetechnicallyreferstoanythingthatdistortsthemessagethesourceencodes ComponentsofCommunication ReceiverThereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage DecodingDecodingistheoppositeprocessofencodingandjustasmuchanactiveprocess ReceiverresponseItreferstoanythingthereceiverdoesafterhavingattendedtoanddecodedthemessage FeedbackFeedbackreferstothatportionofthereceiverresponseofwhichthesourcehasknowledgeandtowhichthesourceattendsandassignsmeaning ComponentsofCommunication ContextThefinalcomponentofcommunicationiscontext Generally contextcanbedefinedastheenvironmentinwhichthecommunicationtakesplaceandwhichhelpsdefinethecommunication ComponentsofCommunication ProcessofCommunication CharacteristicsofCommunication CommunicationisdynamicCommunicationisirreversible Communicationissymbolic Communicationissystematic Communicationistransactional pg 8 Communicationiscontextual pg 8 Unit2 4VerbalCommunication Pragmatics thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehavior Semantics thestudyofthemeaningofwords Denotation theliteralmeaningordefinitionofaword theexplicit particular definedmeaning Connotation thesuggestivemeaningofaword allthevalues judgments andbeliefsimpliedbyaword thehistoricalandassociativeaccretionoftheunspokensignificancebehindtheliteralmeaning Taboo someobjects wordsoractionsthatareavoidedbyaparticulargroupofpeople orincertaincultureforreligiousorsocialreasons Euphemism theactofsubstitutingamild indirect orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh blunt oroffensive HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing p22 23 Addressingbynames NameorderSurname givenname HeXianguGivenname surname AE LindaSmithNowadays moreandmoreEnglish speakingpeopleaddressothersbyusingthefirstname evenwhenpeoplemeetforthefirsttime pg 23 InChinaseniority资历ispaidrespectto Juniorsaresupposedtoaddressseniorsinaproperway Theuseofgivennamesislimitedtohusbandandwife veryclosefriends juniorsbyeldersorsuperiors Chineseoftenextendkinshiptermstopeoplenotrelatedbybloodormarriage Thesetermsareusedafterthesurnametoshowpolitenessandrespect pg 23 TheEnglishequivalentsoftheabovekinshiptermsarenotsoused Evenwithrelatives Americanstendtousejustthefirstnameandleaveoutthetermofrelationship Addressingbyrelationship CompanyLogo AnothercommonChineseformofaddressistheuseofaperson stitle office orprofessiontoindicatetheperson sinfluentialstatus InEnglish onlyafewoccupationsortitlescouldbeused pg 24 Americanstendtoregardtitlesastrivialunlesstheyhaveaclearideaofwhatkindofworkapersondoesandwhathisresponsibilitiesare Addressingbytitle office profession Unit5NonverbalCommunication Chronemics Thestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime Monochronictime payingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime Polychronictime beinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce Proxemics theperceptionanduseofspace Kinetics thestudyofbodylanguageParalanguage involvingsoundsbutnotwordsandlyingbetweenverbalandnonverbalcommunication M timevs P time p 97 1 Monochronictime M time M timemeanspayingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime 2 Polychronictime P time P timemeansbeinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce Unit6Cross genderCommunication Howisgenderdifferentfromsex p120 Unit6Cross genderCommunication Whathasinfluencedthegendersocialization P 121 Therearetwoprimaryinfluencesongendersocialization Familycommunication particularlybetweenmothersandchildrenandrecreationalinteractionamongchildren Unit7 Discusstheconceptsofhighcontextcultureandlowcontextculture p153 Unit9 Aplanetaryculture aculturethatintegrateseasternmysticismwithwesternscienceandrationali