tense自制.ppt

动词的时态 动词时态 动词依动作时段和动作形态的结合形式 1 英语中的时段现在过去将来过去将来2 英语中的动作形态一般进行完成完成进行3 英语中的时段和动作形态结合构成16种时态4 各种时态的强调侧面对于一种状态或行为 我们可以从不同的侧面加以描述 即强调其中的某一个侧面 于此相对应 与四种基本动作形态相关的四类时态 各有其强调的侧面 1 一般时强调状态或行为的自身 Heateupthechicken 2 进行时强调状态或行为的过程 Heiseatingthechicken 3 完成时强调状态或行为的结果 Hehaseatupthechicken 4 完成进行时强调状态或行为的持续 Hehasbeeneatingthechicken 时态和语态的主要考点1 考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力 常考的时态为 一般现在 一般过去 一般将来 现在进行 过去进行 现在完成 过去完成 现在完成进行 过去将来等 2 时间 条件 让步等状语从句中动词的时态 主从句时态呼应问题 3 几种时态的替代问题 1一般现在时的用法1 经常性或习惯性的动作1 I ping pongquitewell butIhaven thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear A willplayB haveplayedC playedD play2 myglasses Yes Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago A DoyouseeB HadyouseenC wouldyouseeD Haveyouseen3 Wewillseetoitthateverychildinthenation goodeducation especiallythoseinthepoorcountryside A getB willgetC getsD wouldget 1一般现在时的用法2 客观真理 客观存在 科学事实或表示格言或警句 Knowledgebeginswithpractice Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty Insomepartsoftheworld suchasinEngland tea withmilkandsugar A isservingB servesC isservedD served 1一般现在时的用法3 按火车 汽车 飞机等 时刻表将要发生的事 句中虽有将来的时间状语 但用一般现在时 此时主语是 车 船 飞机等Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon 4 在时间 条件 方式 让步状语从句中 用一般现在时代替一般将来时 Ifitisfinetomorrow wewillgotothecountryside Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey OK I llputtheminthecupboard A havebrokenB arebreakingC getbrokenD willbebroken I vebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe timeforagametomorrow A shallhaveB haveC willhaveD aregoingtohave CanIdriveonthefreeway MrGreen Youcanwhenyou abitmoreskilled A willgetB aregettingC willhavegotD get 5 某些瞬间动词 go come stay leave start begin等用一般现在时态表将要发生的动作 Eg Westartatsixandarriveatthestationatseven 2一般过去时的用法1 表示过去发生的 和现在没有联系的动作或状态 常常与表示过去的时间状语连用 如yesterday lastmonth in2005 afewminutesago beforeliberation justnow lastweek等 句中没有明确的时间状语 那么在上下文中就一定有表明过去的时间状语或可以体现 动作情况 的概念1 Look Someonehasspilt 溢出 coffeeonthecarpet 地毯 Well it me A isn tB wasn tC hasn tbeenD hadn tbeen2 I veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter Oh howgoodadad Butshedoesn tlikesweetthings that A Don tyouknowB Haven tyouknownC Didn tyouknowD Hadn tyouknown 注意 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作 而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作 Iwrotealetterthismorning 今天上午我写了一封信 信已写完 Iwaswritingaletterthismorning 今天上午我在写一封信 正在写 不一定写完 1 HasTommyfinishedhisjobyet Ihavenoideaofit he itthismorning A wasdoingB hadbeendoingC hasdoneD did2 Asshe thenewspaper Granny asleep A read wasfallingB wasreading fellC wasreading wasfallingD read fell3 Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor hernervousness A hasgrownB isgrowingC grewD hadgrown4 I msorry Ishouldn thavebeensorudetoyou You yourtemperbutthat sOK A havelostB hadlostC didloseD werelosing 3 一般将来时 1 一般将来时表示计划 打算 企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情 2 表示将来时的四种形式 will shall 动词原形 begoingtodo beabouttodo 正要干什么 betodo 1 begoingto表已决定或安排要做的事 同时可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事 而will不能表示 Thetelephoneisringing I answerit A willB amgoingtoC amtoD amaboutto Alice whydidn tyoucomeyesterday I butIhadanunexpectedvisitor A hadB wouldC wasgoingtoD did2 will表示将要谈话时发生的动作或状态 常与tomorrow nexttime nextyear inafewdays等表将来的时间状语连用 还可以表示临时决定的意图 具有临时性和偶然性 eg Lookattheclouds It sgoingtorain 3 betodo 表示约定 计划或职责 义务要求即将发生的动作 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 具有一定命令 禁止性 begoingto表示主观的打算或计划 Eg Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon I mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon 4 beabouttodo表示 正要干什么 表示即将发生的动作 不与表示将来的时间状语连用 常与when连用 when此时意思 就在这时 是并列连词构成句型 beabouttodo when Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained 特别注意 1 一般现在时表示将来 特别用于车 船 飞机等时刻表中安排好的 Theplaneleavestomorrow 尽管有tomorrow 但没有will begoingto 2 某些瞬间动词 go come arrive leave start begin fly take 等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作 I vewonaholidayfortwotoFloria I mymum A amtakingB havetakenC takeD willhavebeen 4 现在进行时 1 表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态 2 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 但说话时不一定正在进行 Idon treallyworkhere I mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology sorapidly A willhavechangedB haschangedC ischangingD willchange Annworksveryhard Infact Ithinkshe now A studiedB isstudyingC studiesD willstud Pleasecallagain Jim abathjustnow A hashadB washavingC ishavingD has Mymoney ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutofbeforeI venoneinhand A hasrunoutB isrunningoutC hasbeenrunoutD isbeingrunout Icanguessyouwereinahurry You yoursweaterinsideout A hadwornB woreC arewearingD werewearing 特殊用性 现在进行时可以表示一般将来时 常用于下列动词 go come leave begin arrive return fly drive take等 eg We removingtothenewbuildingnextweek 现在进行时与always continually constantly never等连用 表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩 eg Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings 1 You thingsabout Look whatamessinyouroom A alwaysthrowB havealwaysthrownC arealwaysthrowingD havealwaysbeenthrown2 You television Whynotdosomethingmoreactive A alwayswatchB arealwayswatchingC havealwayswatchedD havealwaysbeenwatching 3 有些词不用于进行时态 表示 存在 所有 知觉 认应付 感情 等状态存在 keep stay remain be consistof contain所有 have belongto possess own hold知觉 sound 听起来 look seem appear 看起来 看起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 feel 摸起来 see hear 认识 understand know suppose remember admit forget believe think情感 like love hate prefer 5 过去进行时 1 表示过去某一时间正进行的动作 通常有时间状语 从句 或由上下文表示 1 Hey lookwhereyouaregoing Oh I mterriblysorry A I mnotnoticingB Idon tnoticingC Ihaven tnoticingD Iwasn tnoticing2 Hey whatdidIsay I A I mnotlisteningB IwasnotlisteningC Idon tlistenedD Ididn tlisten 2 表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作 但这个动作可以完 也可以不一定完成 Whydidn tyoujoinuslastnight I theliveprogramsonthewarbetweenIraqandtheStates A watchedB waswatchingC hadwatchedD havebeenwatching Whyweren tyouatthemeeting I foralong distancecallfrommyfatherinAustralia A waitedB waswaitingC hadwaitedD havebeen 3 在简单句中有atthattime then thistimeyesterday lastweek at10o clocklastnight等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态 IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago She ataradioshopatthetime hasworkedB wasworkingC hadbeenworkingD hadworked特别注意 与always连用 表示感情色彩 Eg Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey 6 现在完成时 1 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 有时没有时间状语 有时有时间状语 Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom Theycleanedtheclassroomandtheclassroomiscleannow 2 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态 Hehasn tgivenmeanymoretroublesincethen WhendidhegotoAmerica Oh he theresincehalfayearago A wentB hasbeenC hasgoneD was Shelly CaliforniaforTexasand thereeversince YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico A left workedB hasleft hadworkedC left hasworkedD hasleft worked Collectingstampsasahobby increasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears A becomesB becameC hasbecomeD hadbecome Howareyoutoday Oh I asillasIdonowforaverylongtime A didn tfeelB wasn tfeelingC don tfeelD haven tfelt Rober mehisaddresstheotherday butI mafraidI it A hadgiven lostB hasgiven havelostC gave havelostD gives lost 现在完成时和过去时的区别1 现在完成时强调一动作与现在的关系 对现在产生的结果和影响 而一般过去式只表过去发生的动作 不表示与现在的关系 常和表过去的时间状语连用2 现在完成时的谓语动词如果是瞬间的动词的肯定式 通常不与表一段时间的for短语及since短语或从句连用 Eg Hehaslefthomeforamonth Helefthomeamonthago Ithasbeenamonthsincehelefehome Ihaven tseenyouforafewdays 瞬间动词的否定式 通常可以和for连用 7 过去完成时 1 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作 即 过去的过去 这个过去的时刻可以用一个表过去的动作表示还可以用时间状语从句表示 还可通过上下文来表示 请记住 bytheendof 过去时间bethetime 从句 用一般过去时 引导的句子或主句用过去完成时 ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgotthere TheyhadleftbeforeIreturned Wehadfinishedtheworkbylastmonth bythetimehecame 2表示由过去某一时间开始 一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态 Eg Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame 3用于hardly when nosooner than 一 就 等句子中 Eg Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining 4hope thinkexpect intend mean suppose want imagine等 用于过去完成时 表示过去未实现的希望或意图 Eg Ihadhopedtobeabletotakemyseatinallthisnoisewithoutbeingfound 我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上 但实际上未实现 5Itisthefirsttime 从句 从句用现在完成时 Itwasthefirsttime 从句 用过去完成时 Eg ItisthefirsttimethatI vebeenhere Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune 6用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句 Eg IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday Iwouldhavetelephonedyou 1 Theoldman twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital A diedB woulddieC haddiedD hasdied2 OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile butsoon tohisoldways A returnedB returnsC wasreturningD hadreturned3 I myson adoctor buthewasn tgoodenoughatscience A hoped wouldbecomeB hadhoped wouldbecomeC hadhoped willbecomeD hope willbecome4 I totakeagoodholidaythisyear butIwasn tabletogetaway A hopeB havehopedC hadhopedD hoped5 Helen herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband home A hasleft comesB left hadcomeC hadleft cameD hadleft wouldcome 8 现在完成进行时 构成 have hasbeendoing表示发生在过去一直持续到现在某一动作状态 这个动作很可能刚停止 也可能将持续下去 常与延续动词连用 并常带有表示动作起止时间的状语 如since lastweek等或由since引导的时间状语从句 也可以带有表时间长度的状语 如foranhour forafewsdays thesedays等 Isn tithardtodrivedowntowntowork Yes that whyI toworkbytrain A havebeengoingB havegoneC wasgoingD willhavegone2 不能用于进行时态的动词 如seeknowhavelike等感官动词和某些表示思维活动的动词 同样也不能用于现在完成进行时 9 将来完成时 will shall havedone表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作 常与表示将来时间的状语连用 如 bytheendof 将来时间的短语 bythetime 从句 从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时 这时句子或主句应用将来完成时Eg Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbythetimehecomesback 10 一般将来进行时 willbedong shallbedoing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作Eg Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow 1 Look Howwonderfulmycaris Oh Jack Whatareyouthinkingabout Don tyoulikeit I msorryI anyremarkaboutitintime Icertainlythinkit ssmart A wasn tmakingB don tmakeC won tmakeD didn tmake2 TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity sorapidlyalltheseyears A ischangingB haschangedC willhavechangedD willchange3 He quitewell buthehasn thadtimetoswimsincethissummer A willswimB haveswumC swamD swims4 Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup buthe bynow A hasn tturnedupB doesn tturnupC won tturnupD hadn tturnedup 5 I mterriblysorryforbeinglate butI thewrongbus A catchB hadcaughtC caughtD catching7 Thetruth sir isthattheoldman acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim A wastowalkB hadbeenwalkingC walkedD waswalking8 Ireallydon tthinkRosewillbeupset butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe A isB doesC willbeD hasbeen9 Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey A wereplayingB weretoplayC hadplayedD played 10 Kateisinhospital Oh really I visither A didn tknow I llgoandB don tknow I llgoandC don tknow I mgoingtoD didn tknow I mgoingto11 Where theguidebook Ican tseeitanywhere I itrighthere butnowit sgone A didyouput haveputB hadyouput haveputC haveyouput putD wereyouputting put14 Doyouliveinthiscity No we itforholidays A justvisitB justvisitedC arejustvisitingD havevisited15 Howistheoldmannow Sorry he thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim A wasdeadB haddiedC hasbeendeadD died 16 Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures A willbetakenB aretakenC weretakenD hadbeentaken17 I mafraiditwillbetwomonths A whenIcomebackB whenI llcomebackC beforeIcomebackD beforeI llcomeback18 Theworkers busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe intheoffice A hadworked hadleftB wereworking hadleftC working hadleftD hadworked left19 Thenotice Nosmoking A istoldB readsC tellsD isread 1 Bytheendofthismonth wesurely asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem A havefoundB willbefoundC willhavefoundD arefinding2 Theconference afullweekbythetimeitends A musthavelastedB willhavelastedC wouldlastD haslasted 1 Hesteppedintotheoffice downandbegantofillintheforms A sittingB tositC satD havingit2 Shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe fromhersofar A haven theardB didn thearC hadn theardD won thear3 WhenIgottothecinema thefilm fortenminutes A hasbegunB hadbegunC hadbeenonD was4 I llgowithyouassoonasI myhomework A willfinishB finishC amfinishingD finished5 Ifit tomorrow Iwon tgotothecinema A willrainB rainsC israiningD rained6 Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe up A isgoingtogrowB growsC growingD grew 7 这本书我已经买了三个月了 下列哪一句不对 A Ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths B Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths C Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago D ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook 8 Comein Peter Iwanttoshowyousomething Oh howniceofyou I you tobringmeagift A neverthink aregoingB neverthought weregoingC didn tthink weregoingD had tthought weregoing9 WhenIwasatcollegeI threeforeignlanguages butI allexceptforafewwordsofeach A spoke hadforgottenB spoke haveforgottenC hadspoken hadforgottenD hadspoken haveforgotten10 Thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings A hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenB hadbrokeninto hadbeenstolenC hasbeenbrokeninto stolenD hadbeenbrokeninto stolen 11 Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit A willrainB rainsC rainedD israining12 Mary adresswhenshecutherfinger A madeB ismakingC wasmakingD makes13 Thestudents busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe intheoffice A hadwritten leftB werewriting hasleftC hadwritten hadleftD werewriting hadleft14 Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse Noyet therooms A arebeingpaintedB arepaintingC arepaintedD arebeingpainting15 Wehaven theardfromJaneforalongtime Whatdoyousuppose toher A washappeningB tohappenC hashappenedD havinghappened 16 Doyouknowourtownatall No thisisthefirsttimeI here A wasB havebeenC cameD amcoming17 Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation Itwassonear Yes Ataxi atallnecessary A wasn tB hadn tbeenC wouldn tbeD won tbe18 Ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow A arenotkept willhavetoB arenotkept havetoC donotkeep willhavetoD donotkeep haveto19 Tom intothehousewhennoone A slipped waslookingB hadslipped lookedC slipped hadlookedD wasslippping looked20 ThelasttimeI Janeshe cottoninthefields A hadseen waspickingB saw pickingC hadseen pickedD saw waspicking 几种时态的替代问题A 一般现在时代替将来时 除了在时间 条件 让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外 表示现在已安排好的未来事项 行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时 如 Themuseumopensattentomorrow 博物馆明天10点开门 实际上每天如此 B 一般现在时代替完成时 句型 Itis since 代替 Ithasbeen since Itis hasbeen fiveyearssincewelastmetC 一般现在时代替进行时 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时 如 Look herecomesMr Li 祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击 1 itwithmeandI llseewhatIcando 98N A WhenleftB LeavingC IfyouleaveD Leave2 someofthisjuice perhapsyou lllikeit 2000北京春季 A TryingB TryC TotryD Havetried3 atthedoorbeforeentering please 01北京春季 A knockedB ToknockC KnockingD Knock4 bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved 2001上海 A GivingB GiveC GivenD Togive D B D B 1 现在时态高考题点击 Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea which thePacific andwemetnostorms 05辽宁卷 A wascalledB iscalledC hadbeencalledD hasbeencalled2 I ping pongquitewell butIhaven thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear 2001N A willplayB haveplayedC playedD play B D 说明 本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时 但 被称为太平洋 是客观现状 只能用一般现在时 说明 常识告诉我们 一个人一旦获得某种技能 一般是不会在短期内失去的 所以需用一般现在时 3 SinceIwonthebigprize mytelephonehasn tstoppedringing People toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney 05湖南卷 A phoneB willphoneC werephoningD arephoning4 Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology sorapidly 2001N A ischangingB haschangedC willhavechangedD willchange 说明 自从我赢了大奖 人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱 此处的arephoning表示 不停的打电话 说明 选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展 所以要用现在进行时 况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述 表示说话者的一种 感慨 赞赏 愤怒 斥责 等 D A 5 mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy 05北京春季 A I dphonedB I vebeenphoningC I vephonedD Iwasphoning6 Youhaven tbeentoBeijing haveyou HowIwishtogothere 98N A Yes IhaveB Yes Ihaven tC No IhaveD No Ihaven t 说明 此题的干扰源是后面的wasbusy 今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的 只能用现在完成时 而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作 所以用一般过去时 说明 从补充的句子 HowIwishtogothere 可知 我 没到过北京 C D 7 Hi Tracy youlooktired Iamtired I thelivingroomallday 98N A paintedB hadpaintedC havebeenpaintingD havepainted8 Nowthatsheisoutofajob Lucy goingbacktoschool butshehasn tdecidedyet 04北京 AhadconsideredBhasbeenconsideringCconsideredDisgoingtoconsider 说明 这句话的意思是 我一整天都在刷起居室 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在 而且还在进行当中 强调的是 一直在做 C B 说明 她 一直在考虑返校 是现在完成进行时 还没作决定 是现在的结果 用于现在完成时的句型1 Itisthefirst secondtime that 结构中的从句部分 用现在完成时 ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate 注意比较It stimethat 结构 Itishightimethatwewenttoschool 2 Thisisthe that 结构 that从句要用现在完成时 ThisisthebestfilmthatI ve ever seen 这是我看过的最好的电影 Thisisthefirsttime that I veheardhimsing 这是我第一次听他唱歌 典型例题 1 Doyouknowourtownatall No thisisthefirsttimeI here A wasB havebeenC cameD amcoming 2 Haveyou beentoourtownbefore No it sthefirsttimeI here A even comeB even havecomeC ever comeD ever havecome注意 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用 即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的 错 Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth 对 Ihaven treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth B D 2 过去时高考题点击 1 Nancyisnotcomingtonight Butshe 98N A promisesB promisedC willpromiseD hadpromised2 Myuncle untilhewasforty five 2000上海 A marriedB didn tmarryC wasnotmarryingD wouldmarry 说明 Nancy答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去 是过去作出的承诺 说明 until用在肯定句中时 主句的动词必须是延续性动词 表示该动作一直持续到until后的时间为止 短暂性动词只能用在否定句中 表示直到此时该动作才开始 本题中marry是短暂性动词 所以只能用在否定句中 B B 3 Youhaven tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat Brenda Doyoulikeit N2002 I msorryI anythingaboutitsooner Icertainlythinkit sprettyonyou A wasn tsayingB don tsayC won tsayD didn tsay 说明 本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态 上文用的是现在完成时 下文用的是一般现在时 所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了 但根据说话人的意思不难发现 没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了 所以要用一般过去时 D 4 Asshe thenewspaper Granny asleep 95N A read wasfallingB wasreading fellC wasreading wasfallingD read fell5 Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe withoutundressing 05安徽卷 A waslayingB waslyingC hadlaidD hadlied 说明