江苏省泗阳中学高考英语 任务型阅读专题（二）.doc

江苏省泗阳中学2013高考英语任务型阅读专题（二）学会归纳概括词汇 概括词汇有时可以在文章中找到，有时要注意常见的搭配和文章的结构另想它词。在平时练习中注意运用和记忆。概括性词汇：原因和结果cause(s) (of.); reason(s)( for.); analysis ( about.)effect(s); result(s); consequence(s) 态度观点attitude(s) ( to/ towards); opinion(s) (on/about.)比较comparison(s) between a and b 异同difference(s); similarity(similarities)优劣benefit(s); (dis)advantage(s); (in)convenience; strength(s); weakness(es)目的purpose(s); aim(s); goal(s)建议预计advice; suggestion(s); tip(s); prediction; forecast问题problem(s)方式方法means (of.); method(s)(of) ; way(s)(to do); approach(es)(to doing) ; solution(s) to sth; how (to do.)总结概括 summary; conclusion特点feature (s); characteristic(s)重要意义significance; importance; meaning定义主题definition（定义）; theme(主题); topic（话题）来源用途source（来源）; origin（起源）; use; usage; function（功能）种类kind; type; category步骤过程steps; procedures; process措施行动measures; steps; action(s)评论评价反应comment(on/about); remark(on/upon); assessment(评估); response (to .sth) ; reaction(to sth)背景信息简介background information(on/ about.); brief introduction(to)事件时间地点event(s); time; place和人有关的名词birthday, birthplace, death, nationality, education, appearance, salary, activity(activities); achievement(s)和地方有关的名词a place of interest, a tourist attraction, tourism, destination, area, location, history, climate, population, culturecultural, politicspolitical; economy-economic; custom(s), tradition(s), transport/ transportation; the living conditions和疾病有关的名词definition; cause(s), symptom(s); prevention; treatment(s) 例： a smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. the microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. in this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used. today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market: ic (integrated circuit) microprocessor cards microprocessor cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. chip cards can also hold data. these cards are used for many things. thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. some examples of these cards are: cards that hold money. cards that provide safe access to a network. cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy. optical memory cards optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of cd on the top. optical memory cards can store up to 4mb of data. but once written, the data can not be changed or removed. thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records or travel histories. today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). while the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive. title: smart cards (1)_(2)_(3)_(4)_ic chip cardsa larger memory &better securityhold datanot mentionedpopularitylarge memorylow cost ofcardsoptical memorycardsstore much datagood for doctorsdrivers and travelersto keep recordscost not muchunchangeable datano processors expensive car readers 附：任务型阅读中的高频词：1.使某人能够做enable / allow sb to do 2.不能做某事fail to do 3.绝非易事no easy job 4.避免做avoid doing 5.包括including sth= sth included 6.导致result in= lead to=contribute to=bring about = cause= give rise to 7.符合需求meet/ satisfy / suit ones needs/ wants/ demands/ requirements8.充分利用make the most of=make the best(use) of= make full use of 9.依靠depend on=be dependent on 10.建立在基础上be based on 11.做某事有困难have difficulties with sth have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth 12.参与participate in =get/be involved in13.献身于，投入于devote .to sth/doing14.一刻，四分之一quarter 十年decade 一个世纪century 15.和相似be similar to 16.熟悉be familiar with 17.重要/有价值/有用/有帮助be of importance/ significance/ value/ use/ help= be important/ significant/ valuable/ useful/ helpful 18.在帮助下with the help of =with the aid/ assistance of.19.在某人许可之下with ones permission20.开始存在come into being/ existence 21.影响have aeffect on = affect 22.被取代be replaced by/ with 23.在上升中be increasing/ rising=be on the increase/ rise 在减少中be decreasing/declining/ dropping=be on the decrease/ decline 24.除了做别无选择have no choice/ alternative/ option but to do25.对负责；是成因be responsible for= take responsibility for26.对有害do harm to= be harmful to27.对有好处be good for=do good to=be beneficial to = be of benefit to.= benefit sb/ sth28.对造成威胁be a threat to sth = be dangerous to .29.意识到be aware / conscious of 提高意识raise/ increase ones awareness of30.有机会利用/进入have access to.31.和相等；胜任于be equal to32.有规律的/地regular(ly) 33.舒适的/地 comfortable-comfortably34.大多数the majority of the students= most of the students = most students 35.占多数in the majority占少数in the minority 36.大的百分比a large percentage of37.毁坏(v) destroy 毁坏(n) destruction 38.可得到的available 39.建立set up=found=establish组成form a team/ band 40.消失(v)disappear 消失(n) disappearance 41.对感到自豪be proud of=take pride in42.描述(v) describe 描述(n) description 43.起作用play a role in44.保持平衡keep a balance 45.考虑consider .= o consideration/ account 46.和有联系be related to= relate to=be linked with/ to= be connected with/ to = be associated with 47.以纪念/以对某人表示敬意in honor of 48.以庆祝in celebration of 49.一开始in the beginning 在开始at the beginning of50.使某人想起；提醒某人注意 remind sb of sth 51.和和谐相处live in harmony with = live harmoniously with 52.对造成损害do /cause damage to.53.成本高at high cost 54.以认可in recognition of.55.阻止某人做prevent / stop/ keep sb from 56.保持健康keep fit/ healthy 57.鼓励某人做encourage sb to do 在某人鼓励之下under ones encouragement在某人指导之下under ones guidance 58.成功地做manage to do= succeed in doing59.受伤(v) injure 受伤(n) injury 受伤(adj) injured 60.遭受suffer from.61.被限制到be limited to n/ doing 一个的限制a limit to61.人们普遍接受it is widely(=generally) accepted that.我认为是可接受的i think it acceptable that62.获得成功achieve success;达到目的achieve ones goal63.除了.之外还有in addition to= besides= apart from=as well as除了.没有apart from=except=but =other than64.在方面取得进步make progress=an advance in sth65.对厌倦be bored with=be tired of=be fed up with66.谨慎（n）caution 谨慎(adj) cautious 67.结合（v）combine结合(n) combination68.和sb交流communicate with=have communication with69.对.自信be confident of=have confidence in70.由组成consist of= be made up of71. 对作出贡献make contributions to=contribute to.72.被控制住be controlled =be under control 73.处在灭绝的危险中in danger of dying out 74.为某人树立榜样set an example to sb 75.符合某人的期待come/ live up to ones expectations76.面对be faced with= face 77.成长(v) grow 成长(n) growth78.缺少实际经验lack practical experience =be lacking in .= be short of 因为缺.for lack of.79.身心健康physical and mental health be healthy physically and mentally80.积极的positive 消极的negative 81.现象 phenomenonphenomena82.受某人欢迎be popular with=among 欢迎(n) popularity 83.使某人满意satisfy 满意(n) satisfaction 84.全心全意为人民服务serve the people heart and soul85.社会(n) society 社会的(adj) social86.各种各样的varieties of=a variety of= various +名词（动词）vary 87.某人/某事可能be likely to do 88.实现realize sth=turn sth into reality 89.随着发展with the development of.90.a不同于b a differs from b= a is different from b 91.改善，提高(n) improvement 【备考建议】1.注重词汇和语法的记忆和运用许多考生最大的障碍就是词汇。重视词汇不仅要大量背生词，而且要注重“猜词”能力的培养，善于运用构词法来扩充词汇。不仅要求在单词量上有突破，而且要把高频词学到位.2.加强阅读训练 阅读是一个语言知识输入的过程，同时也是文化体验的过程。平时在阅读训练当中既要注重文章细节理解，也要注重文章主旨理解，更要注重文脉逻辑的理解。【经典导引】(江苏省2012届高三百校大联考一模试题)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。what should you do when an earthquake hits?if you find the ground shaking beneath your feet，theres an international consensus on how you should act. earthquake safety boils down to tht-ee basic steps： 1 . drop to the ground. 2. take cover by getting under a sturdy deck or table. 3: hold on to it until the shaking stops. if there isnt a table or desk near you，drop to the ground in an inside corner of the building and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms. do not try to run to another room just to get under a table.if you are in bed，hold on and stay there，protecting your head with a pillow. you are less likely to be injured staying where you are: broken glass on the floor has caused injury to those who have rolled to the floor or tried to get to doorways.if you are outdoors，move to a clear area if you can safely do so；avoid power lines，trees，signs, buildings，vehicles, and other hazards: if youre at the movies ox a sports game，stay at your seat and protect your head and neck with your arms. dont try to leave until the shaking is over, then walk out slowly watching for anything that could fall in the aftershocks.if youre driving a car，pull over to the side of the road，stop，and set the parking brake. avoid overpasses, bridges, power lines，signs and other hazards. stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is over: if a power line falls on the car，stay inside until a trained person removes the wire.if youre by the shore，drop，cover and hold on until the shaking stops. estimate how long the shaking lasts. if severe shaking lasts 20 seconds or more, immediately evacuate to high ground as a tsunami(海啸）might have been generated by the earthquake: 1vlove inland 3 kilometers（2 miles）or to land that is at least 30 meters（100 feet) above sea level immediately. dont wait for officials to issue a warning. walk quickly，rather than drive，to avoid trafficdebris and other hazards if you live downstream for a dam，you should know flood-zone information and have prepared an evacuation plan. latastrophie failure is unlikely，but dams can fail during major earthquakes.the main point is to try not to move and to immediately protect yourself as best as possible where you are. earthquakes occur without any warning and may be so violent that you cannot run or crawl；you therefore will most likely be knocked to the ground where you happen to be. you will never know if the initial jolt will turn out to be start of the big one in addition，studies of injuries and deaths caused by earthquakes in the us over the last several decades indicate you are much more likely to be injured by falling or flying objects（tvs，lamps，glass，book cases，etc.）than to die in a collapsed building. drop，cover，and hold on offers the best overall level of protection theme:71_ to be taken during an earthquake: drop,cover and hold onwhen you are indoors get under a desk/table or drop to the ground in an inside comer with your head 72._ with your hands and arms. dont move to other places, 73._ you might get injured by broken glass.when you are outdoors moving to a clear area and 74._ staying near power lines are recommended. you are 75._ not to leave until the shaking is over.when you are driving you should 76._ over to the roadside and keep away from dangerous places like overpasses , bridges or power lines.when you are by the shore you should walk inland to a higher place to 77._ from a possible tsunami. when you live downstream you should 78._ a plan for necessary evacuation if you live downstream from a dam.conclusion: you should stay 79._ you are and protect yourself in an earthquake, because you are 80._ likely to die in a collapsed building than to be injured by falling or flying objects.【解析】71. measures/steps/action根据文章第一段中的on how you should act可以推知是在地震发生时应该采取的措施，因此用take measures/steps或take action。72. covered根据文章第二段中的cover your head and neck with your hands and arms可知是用手和臂膀来遮住头部，句中使用动词的过去分词表示被动。73. or/otherwise/since根据文章第三段内容可知转移到其他地方的危险可能是被碎玻璃刺伤，因此用otherwise或or来连接前后两个句子，表示假设，或用since连接，表示原因。74, avoiding/not和前面的moving to a clear area两个并列的动名词短语作句子的主语。75. supposed/expected表示“不应该”的意思时，应该使用be supposed/expected not too76. pull根据文章第五段中的pull over to the side of the road可知。77. escape根据文章第六段内容可以推知应该步行逃离(escape)该区域。 78. prepare根据文章第七段中的have prepared an evacuation plan可以推知。79. where全文都说应该呆在原处，因此说stay where you are。80。 less根据文章最后一段的内容可以推知两者之间的关系。实战训练一no one knows who made the first ice cream. some people think water ices and milk ices may have been made by the chinese between three thousand and a thousand years ago. in that timt, the dish reached india. the indians, in turn, many have passed on the secret to the arabs and persians.marco polo, an italian who traveled widely in the thirteenth century, noted that he found the chinese had long been making ices out of fruit juices and milk. from the fourteenth century on, ices became popular first in venice and then throughout italy.at first ice cream was a luxury奢侈品 in france. only rich people had the money to buy it. then , in 1660, a young man from sicily, francisco procopio, arrived in paris. he opened a shop that sold ice cream at prices people could afford. then his ice cream became so popular that other shops were opened.about 1640, king charles introduced ice cream to england and soon ice cream quickly became popular in england too.americans now eat more ice cream than any people in the world. but they are not the only ones who are fond of it. greeks are also fond of ice cream. in the large cities of germany there are many small shops that sell only ice cream. ice cream shops are not as common as in england, although large london stores do have soda fountains.ice cream sodas first became popular sometime in the 1880s in the united states. in fact they soon became too popular to suit some of the good people of evanston, illinois. they thought it was not proper to drink soda on sunday. a city law was passed to stop the ice cream soda on sundays. to keep within the law, it is said that one man served ice cream with syrup糖水 .throughout its long history, ice cream has been a favorite dish, but only in this century has it been made with so many different tastes. people today can select from more than 240 flavors.the 1 of ice creamin asiaperhaps first in china at2 a thousand years agothen3 to the indians, the arabs and the persiansin 4first popular in venice and then all 5 italypopular in france due to a young man from sicily, francisco procopio who opened a shop selling ice cream affordable to common people 6 in many small shops in the large cities of germanynot as many ice cream shops in englandin the 7 americans eat the largest 8 of ice cream in the worldice cream soda was not allowed to be . 9 on sundays in evanston, illinoisconclusionice cream is of different tastes and people have more 10nowadays出处：2012江苏省质量调研篇高考全真模拟试卷八二equal opportunities for quality educationit is widely accepted that human resources are playing a very important part in chinas economic growth. education, which greatly affects the qualities of human resources, has undergone rapid developments in recent years.last year, china had more than 2 million graduates from colleges or universities, and another 3.5 million graduates from vocational schools.despite the great developments in education, in the era of reform, lawmakers exposes and criticized many problems in the developments of education , which trouble, if not anger, the public.one of the most glaring problems is that in chinas vast rural areas, even the most basic education is not available to some children. and elsewhere, even if they have access, the facilities available for them are still a far cry from those in cities.official statistics show that at the primary stage, there are a big number of rural students who drop out of school because they do not have the money to pay their tuition fees.at college level, there have been some big increases in tuition fees over the last few years. so, some students from rural areas have also been forced to abandon their dreams.china has a long tradition of valuing education and chinese parents are willing to save each and every penny to support their childrens schooling. but in a nation of more than 1.3 billion people, upholding equal opportunities in the education sector is a discouraging task.the central government is delicated to quickening the development of the cause, it will cancel rural school fees and offer the children in povertystricken areas financial support so they can all enjoy the equal education and complete the nineyear compulsory schooling programme.the most important part of the issue lies in the amount of cash put into it. on the other hand, it is more than an issue of fiscal input财政收入. the unbalanced distribution of resources between rural and urban schools risks slowing down the future of chinas vast rural areas, where two thirds of the population live.education is undoubtedly the longterm lifeline of citizens. good education promotes more than personal wellbeing or the fulfillment of individual ambition. as individual ability grows, the nation will become stronger and more prosperous.equality in education is vital to the sustainability of our nations economic progress. it has a big impact on every citizens quality of life, so the government must do all it can to achieve this goal.an overview of education in china as chinas economy grows, education, which has a great 1 on the qualities of human resources, has experienced great developments. 2 in he development of