新（江苏专用）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 语法 专题十四 A 完形填空.doc

专题十四a 完形填空20132015高考江苏卷完形填空体裁及话题等考查统计表项目内容年份体裁话题文章大意词数难易度2015记叙文人生经历作者在因患癌症住院接受治疗期间，重新开始阅读自己喜欢的一个作家的书，并因此而结识了一个同是该作家粉丝的病友，且与这个人慢慢地成了朋友。这位病友给了他继续写作的动力。263较易2014记叙文人物故事全文讲述了戴尔卡耐基从一个默默无闻的农家孩子成长为世界知名人物的故事。戴尔自小家境贫寒，比较自卑，他听从母亲的建议，学习演讲，赢得比赛，逐渐获得了自信，这种自信最终帮助他获得成功。这个故事告诉我们，只要找准方向并为之努力谁都可以获得成功。283中等2013夹叙夹议社会认识文章围绕作者对于美国梦的认识变化而展开。作者曾经以为美国梦就是追求个人的成功，后来，在遭遇一系列不幸后，作者在乡村的经历和感受使得作者对美国梦有了新的认识和深刻的感悟，也就是如何实现大家共同的成功。305中等20132015高考江苏卷完形填空词类考查统计表词类题量年份动词(短语)名词(短语)形容词副词介词(短语)连词20157821/220146621412013653312总计191975551命题特点高考英语完形填空是一种旨在测试考生英语语言综合能力的填空补缺式障碍性阅读题。它以语篇信息为基础，以中心脉络为主线，通过多层面反复式的信息暗示和纵横向立体式的信息照应，给考生提供了足够的解题信息。综合考查考生的英语语言运用能力，包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力，因此，完形填空是一种集知识和能力为一体，立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题，同时也是高考试题中要求最高、难度最大的一种题型。2体裁分析从表中我们可以看出，近三年高考完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主，叙中有议，文章情节完整，语言地道纯正，篇章与语句的结构富有变化，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，启迪性强。学生在2016年的备考中，在关注记叙文练习的同时，也应时常注重其他文体的训练。3话题分析近三年高考完形填空的话题新颖、时尚，把知识、教育、趣味融为一体，内容多样，反映社会现实，体现人文精神，既贴近生活，又展现世界知识，体现着“跨文化意识”，符合高中生的兴趣爱好和认知特点。话题涉及人生经历、人物故事和社会认知等。在2016年的备考中，精神信念、人格尊严、生活心态、人间真情、科技进步、人生感悟、合作、赏识、责任等话题仍需关注。4考点分析高考完形填空设空以单词填空为主，短语或词组填空为辅；考查以实词为主，虚词为辅。2016年高考完形填空题的命题继续坚持“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词”的命题原则，继续加大对实词意义辨析的考查力度，并突出考查考生的分析判断能力、连贯性思维能力和对语境的把握能力。根据完形填空“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词”的命题原则，其考查的热点主要是动词、名词、形容词和副词等词类，考查的角度和考查方式通常以语境、搭配、常识、情景及篇章结构等为主。解答不同类型的题目，可采用不同的解题技巧和解题方法。考点1主旨归纳典例1 where do you go when you want to learn something？school？a friend？a tutor？these are all 21 places of learning.(2015全国)apublic btraditionalcofficial dspecial答案及剖析：b考查语境中形容词的辨析。根据首句的意思及“school？a friend？a tutor？”，再结合生活常识，不难看出，这些都是传统意义上的(traditional)学习途径。public公共的；official官方的，正式的；special特别的，均不符合题意。典例2 in our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.the 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37.rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.(2015安徽)akey breasoncproject dproblem答案及剖析：d本篇文章的主旨是：堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。环境污染已经成了全球化的问题。故选d。利用首句信息，推测语篇主旨文章首句往往概括了整篇文章的中心和作者的写作意图。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意或主旨。完形填空的命题原则一般是文章第一句不设空，以使考生快速进入语境，并通过这一“窗口”把握整篇文章。一般来说，记叙文类的文章首句会交代4个w(when，where，who，what)，说明文类的文章首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章首句会提出一个论点。考点2逻辑推理典例1 i was required to read one of bernie siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.the stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37.amazing to me and had such a big 38.impact on how i saw life from then on.(2015江苏)atastes bideascnotes dmemories答案及剖析：b根据首句可知，作者读了bernie siegel的书，深受书中积极人生的影响，此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。故选b项。典例2 “daily star，sir，” called jason，carrying some newspapers under his arm.the little boy had been running up and down the street，but there were still twenty 31 left.(2015湖北)ashops bcoins cpeople dpapers答案及剖析：d根据首句中carrying some newspapers可知，此处表示还剩20份报纸没卖完。故选d项。识别关联词语，理清逻辑关系在一篇文章中，常有一些关联词语，如表示结构层次的有firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally等；表示因果关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示改变话题的有by the way等；表示递进关系的有besides，whats more，further等；表示时间关系的有before，so far，meanwhile，later等；表示转折关系的有but，however，yet，while，on the other hand，although等。做题时，如果能充分利用这些关联词语，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。考点3语境理解典例1 where do you go when you want to learn something？school？a friend？a tutor？these are all 21.traditional places of learning.but it may well be that the learning you really want 22.lies somewhere else instead.i had the 23 of seeing this first hand on a 24 .(2015全国)23a.dream bideachabit dchance24a.trip bholidaycweekend dsquare答案及剖析：23d考查语境中名词的辨析。联系下文可知，“我”有机会(chance)亲自观看了女儿的一场足球赛并领悟到了这一点。dream梦想；idea主意；habit习惯，均与语境不符。24c考查语境中名词的辨析。作者下面叙述的几场比赛都是发生在周六和周日的，因此答案选c。典例2 when we handed him the bag of 52 ，he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes.when i handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 54.whatever his family might need，he burst into tears.(2015全国)52a.toys bmedicinecfood dclothes53a.sleepy bwateryccurious dsharp答案及剖析：52c考查语境中名词的辨析。联系上文“they got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.”可知，我们将这些食品递给这个人。故答案为c。53b考查语境中形容词的辨析。根据本段结尾一句中的“.he burst into tears.”可知，这个人眼含泪水向我们表示感谢。sleepy困倦的；watery含水的；curious好奇的；sharp锐利的。由语境可知b项为正确答案。寻找暗示信息，重视语境意义完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，设空处的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)。所以做题时要从全局考虑，进行连贯性思维，把前后文的意思联系起来理解，这样有助于正确、快速地解题。考点4惯用搭配典例1 the squirrels had no 12 coming up right to me for them.(2015四川)abusiness bfuncproblem dprivilege答案及剖析：cbusiness生意；fun乐趣；problem问题；privilege特权。考查短语have no problem (in) doing sth.意为“做某事没问题”。故选c。典例2 the stories of his unconventional 36.ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37.amazing to me and had such a big 38 on how i saw life from then on.(2015江苏)astrike bpushcchallenge dimpact答案及剖析：d句意为：他非传统的想法以及关于特殊病人的故事让我感到如此惊讶，对我如何看待人生产生了很大的影响。考查固定搭配have an impact on “对有影响”。注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型答题时，对习惯用法、固定搭配和句子结构的分析可以帮助我们找出正确选项。同学们平时要有意识地记忆一些常用的固定搭配和习惯用法，并且要学会灵活运用。常见句型的掌握也很重要，经过反复使用的刺激后，大脑会对常见句型形成思维定势，这对确定题目答案很有帮助。考点5语法分析典例1 when i handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 54 his family might need，he burst into tears.(2015全国)awhoever bwhatevercwhichever dwhenever答案及剖析：b考查代词以及对语境的理解。whoever无论谁；whatever无论什么；whichever无论哪一个；whenever无论什么时候。动词need缺少宾语，此处表示“用于买他的家人可能需要的任何东西”，故用whatever。典例2 as a parent，i 29.hated seeing my daughter playing her best， 30 still defeated.(2015全国)aif borcbut das答案及剖析：c考查语境中连词的辨析。由playing her best和still defeated的语意逻辑，不难看出前后为转折关系。因此c项为正确答案。利用语法知识，确定考查项目即通过分析句子结构来确定考查的语法项目，进而确定答案。考点6背景常识典例1 imagine the first days in a new time zone.slow to respond to the 28 ，your body clock is confused.(2015重庆)aflight bchangecdemand dclimate答案及剖析：b考查名词辨析。flight航班；change变化；demand要求；climate气候。根据常识，人到了一个新时区时，生物钟就会混淆及语境可知本文是关于时差反应的，故选b项。典例2 yet，our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 .(2015广东)arapidly bharmlesslycendlessly dseparately答案及剖析：c根据常识，我们的细胞不会无止境地继续再生。所以选择endlessly “无穷尽地”。巧用背景常识，简化判断过程完形填空作为独立的语篇，以其自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但其中有时渗透着相关的文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。学生在做题时，若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，特别是有关东西方文化差异的知识，并巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。考点7词汇辨析典例1 they have loans，bills，a mortgage(抵押贷款) to 35 ，retirement to save for.(2015浙江)atake off bdrop offcput off dpay off答案及剖析：d考查动词短语辨析。因为他们有借款、账单、抵押贷款要偿还。pay off付清，还清，符合语境。take off取下，起飞；drop off落下，减少；put off推迟。典例2 it 46 that among other things，he was an eightyyearold writer.(2015江苏)acame out bworked outcproved out dturned out答案及剖析：d考查动词短语辨析。除此之外，他还是一位八十岁的作家。come out出现，出版；work out锻炼，解决，制定；prove out证明；turn out证明是，结果是。it turned out that.是固定搭配，意为“结果是，结果证明”，故选d项。牢记词汇意义，准确辨析词义掌握常用词汇、短语的意义，运用上下文的内在逻辑关系，验证每个词汇或短语的含义，然后做出正确的选择。考点8前后呼应典例1 someone had left a 39 under their door during the night.one of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano.darios mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it.(2015北京)anote bpostercbill dreport答案及剖析：a本题是一道同义词复现题。根据文章倒数第五段中的“so i wrote a short note.”可知，是mrs.gilbert留的一张字条，故选a。典例2 “what if we invited them to come here for a 43 instead？” dario asked.(2015北京)aparty bconcertcshow dplay答案及剖析：a考查名词辨析。party聚会；concert音乐会；show展览；play游戏，比赛。此题为线索题，且为原词复现，由后文中的“finally，the day of the party.”可知母子为解决此事办了一场派对，并邀请了邻居们，故选a。觅寻上下文字，求索词汇复现在完形填空题中，学生可以利用上下文的复现信息，确定正确答案。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现等。(1)原词复现：由于表达的需要，有时在上下文中同一词会重复出现。考生可以借助这一信息来选择答案。(2)同义词、近义词、反义词复现：同义词、近义词和反义词复现是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语意连贯起来。做完形填空题时，考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。(3)同根词复现：考生还可借助复现的同根词来确定答案，如conclude，conclusion，conclusive，conclusively等。.掌握文章的篇章结构.变式训练阅读理解i was required to read one of bernie siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.the stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how i saw life from then on.who knew that so many years later i would look to dr.bernie and his cds again to get through my own cancer experience?im an ambitious writer，and when i started going through chemo(化疗)，even though im a very positive person，i lost my drive to write.i was just too tired and not in the mood.one day，while waiting to go in for treatment，i had one of dr.bernies books in my hand.another patient noticed what i was reading and struck up a conversation with me because he had one of his books with him as well.it turned out that among other things，he was an eightyyearold writer.he was actually a published author，and he was currently working on a new book.we would see each other at various times and became friends.sometimes he wore a duck hat，and i would tell myself，he was definitely a fan of dr.bernie.he really put a smile on my face.he unfortunately passed away last year due to his cancer，but he left a deep impression on me and gave me the inspiration to pick up my pen again.i thought to myself，“if he can do it，then so can i”1which is not true about bernie siegels books?abernie siegel had unconventional tastes in writing his stories.bbernie siegel portrayed ordinary patients in hospital in his stories.cbernie siegels stories had a positive effect on me.dthe author had to read one of bernie siegels books in college.2which is true about the writer and the eightyyearold man?athey often put a smile on their face.bthe old man started the conversation after finding i held one of bernie siegels books.cthe old man started the conversation to ask me to working on a new book together.dthe old man left his duck hat when he passed away.突破文章的长难句1the stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how i saw life from then on.翻译： 难句分析：本句的主语较长，为并列主语the stories.and the exceptional patients，其中第二个主语后接一个 从句he wrote about；句子的谓语是并列谓语were so amazing to me and had such a big impact，其中第二个谓语后接介词on的 从句how i saw life from then on，从句要用陈述语气。2im an ambitious writer，and when i started going through chemo，even though im a very positive person，i lost my drive to write.翻译： 难句分析：这是一个由and连接的并列句。在第二个分句中，含有when引导的 状语从句，同时还含有一个even though引导的 状语从句。3another patient noticed what i was reading and struck up a conversation with me because he had one of his books with him as well.翻译： 难句分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的谓语为并列谓语noticed和struck up，第一个谓语noticed后接what引导的 从句；从句because he had one of his books with him as well是一个 状语从句。 4he unfortunately passed away last year due to his cancer，but he left a deep impression on me and gave me the inspiration to pick up my pen again.翻译： 难句分析：but连接并列句，表示转折。在but后面的分句中含有并列谓语left and gave，动词不定式to pick up my pen again作 ，修饰the inspiration。提醒：完成作业强化练(十四)二轮专题强化练强化练(十四)强化练(十四)完形填空记叙文(建议用时：16分钟/篇) 1 (2015南通三模)middle school students today may behave surprisingly.are you often 1 of them?my daughter (12 years old,7th grade) is on the crosscountry team at her middle school.like any other 2 ，the crosscountry team has its “stars” as well as its less 3 athletes.ethan，michael(8th grade) and kenji (7th grade) are the 4 runners for the boys.yesterday was the first track meet of the season，and when she got home，my daughter told me a story that made me 5 .according to my daughter，one of the new 6th graders is a boy named albert.he is apparently “a little short and 6 ” and has never played any 7 races before.the 6th graders ran last，three laps(圈) around the school. 8 in the race，albert was dead last.all of the other racers were 9 the race when he was just at the end of his second lap.albert thought he was 10 near the end.but quickly the poor kid realized that he had another whole lap left to run.he broke down and started 11 .when ethan，michael，and kenji saw albert in a 12 mood in the middle of the field，they didnt even 13 .all three of them immediately went out on the field to run alberts last lap 14 him.everyone knew that was 15 the rules of the crosscountry，yet they all remained 16 .both other teams hung around and waited for albert to finish.when he managed to 17 the finish line，all three schools cheered for him.after my daughter told me this sweet story.i said，“i hope albert doesnt 18 the team after this.” she replied，“no！hell get better.he just needs some 19 .”and that is why i 20 middle school children.1a.tired bproudcashamed dnervous2a.recreation bcompetitioncsport dcourse3a.gifted bcommittedcambitious dconfident4a.energetic bclumsyctop dlazy5a.moved brelaxedcconfused dembarrassed6a.athletic boutgoingcearnest dstout7a.ignored borganizedcsponsored dapproved8a.early bfinallycexactly dsurprisingly9a.undergoing benjoyingccontinuing dfinishing10a.even balsocmerely dhardly11a.rushing bcomplainingchesitating dcrying12a.black brelaxedcstrange dcheerful13a.rest bpause cconfirm darrange14a.for bbehind cwith dpast15a.within boutsidecunder dagainst16a.guilty bblankcsilent dworried17a.approach btouchcbreak dcross18a.join bhate cquit dpick19a.help bstrengthcconfidence dchallenge20a.award blove cteach dsupport 2 (2015南京、盐城一模)everyone enjoys a fitting reply.it is wonderful to say the right thing at the right time!when i was a senior in high school，i 21 knew i wanted to pursue writing as a career.writing had basically 22 me when i was only 7 years old， 23 since that time，id been bombarded by guidance counselors and career planners who all 24 me to have “a backup plan” in case writing didnt work out.id never even 25 a different career path，so i was very 26 and worried.after much thought，i decided 27 would be my “backup plan” and i signed up for a class through my high school.21a.even bnevercalready dalso22a.reminded bentertainedcaccompanied dchosen23a.or bandcfor dbut24a.urged bforcedctaught dpersuaded25a.created btakencconsidered dexamined26a.embarrassed bconfusedcannoyed dfrightened27a.writing bteachingcstudying dcompilingthis 28 that every morning，i would serve as a teachers helper for my favorite 6th grade teacher，mr.ralston.morning after morning，i showed up in mr.ralstons classroom and 29 papers for him.sometimes，i even 30 a lesson or two.it was fun，and the students seemed to like me，so i was surprised when it came time for my 31 .mr.ralston looked me right in the eyes and asked，“do you really want to teach？”“had i really been that 32 ？” i thought.“dont misunderstand.youll do fine in teaching，”he continued.“but，is your 33 really in it？”“not really，” i 34 .“i want to write.i want to write new stories and fiction and poetry and so much more.but ive been told its tough to make it as a writer 35 i thought maybe i would teach and then use my summers 36 to pursue writing.”as i shared with mr.ralston my hopes，dreams and carefully plottedout backup plan，he smiled and said，“why are you preparing to 37 with this backup plan？if you want to be a writer，go for it！pursue writing！”mr.ralstons 38 to follow my dreams was the little nudge i needed to help me push past my 39 of not making it as a writer and simply “go for it！”thats what an encouraging word will do when spoken in love in 40 season.so，lets try and be like mr.ralston and speak that word of encouragement at just the right time and make a difference in someones life today.28a.meant bindicatedcsuggested drevealed29a.read bsetcgraded dcomposed30a.reviewed bskippedctook dpresented31a.application bevaluationcinstruction dqualification32a.transparent bshallowcsuperior dambitious33a.eye bmindcheart dfocus34a.interrupted bjokedcadmitted dapologized35a.unless bifcbecause dso36a.up bapart calong doff37a.fail bfollowcdepart dcompete38a.encouragement bdeterminationctendency dattempt39a.dreams bfearscregrets dmistakes40a.peak blow cdue dnew 3the moon had gone behind a cloud and there werent many stars in the sky.i saw a flame(火焰) in my neighbours 41 .i thought he was having a midnight fast food so i went back to my 42 .soon，there was a 43 smell in the air and i guessed something was wrong. 44 ，i jumped out of bed and went downstairs to 45 .i saw fire coming out of my neighbours kitchen.right away，i 46 “fire！fir