新（江苏专用）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 语法 专题四 情态动词与虚拟语气.doc

专题四情态动词与虚拟语气考点1must的用法1you _ be careful with the camera.it costs！(2015四川，2)amust bmayccan dwill2you _ be carol.you havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重庆，12)amust bcancwill dshall3_ you interrupt now? cant you see im on the phone?sorry sir，but its urgent.(2012重庆，25)acan bshouldcmust dwould4if you _ smoke，please go outside.(2011大纲全国，8)acan bshouldcmust dmay考点归纳1must表示“义务、责任、命令”时意为“必须”；表示推测时意为“一定是，必定是”。2must用在条件句或疑问句中，有时表示固执坚持，意为“一定要，非得要”。must you make that dreadful noise?你非要弄出这讨厌的噪音吗？if you must go，take my umbrella.如果你非要走，就带上我的伞。考点2will/ would表示意愿1i still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to disneyland at weekends.(2014四川，6)amight mustcwould should2the door_open，no matter how hard she pushed.(2013新课标全国，29)ashouldnt couldntcwouldnt mightnt3days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but_say where he was.(2012江苏，28)amustnt shouldntcwouldnt mightnt考点归纳1will/would可表示意愿或固执坚持。用于非人主语时，表示固有的性质、倾向。其否定式常表示拒绝。she wont lend me the money.她不愿意把钱借给我。the door wont shut.门关不上了。2will还可用在if条件状语从句中表示各种“愿望”，这些愿望包括“请求、意愿、拒绝、同意、允许、坚持、选择、计划”等。if you will come into the hall，the meeting will begin soon.请到大厅里来，会议快要开始了。(表请求)if you will make another try，i shall do everything possible to help you.如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿尽一切可能帮助你。(表意愿)考点3shall/ should 的用法1sorry，mum！i failed the job interview again.oh，its too bad.you _ have made full preparations.(2015福建，27)amust bcancwould dshould2it was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.(2014江苏，31)amight bwould cshould dcould考点归纳1shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者(而非句子主语)给对方的一种允诺、威胁、命令、警告等。you shall have a lot of money.你会有很多钱的。(允诺)you shall arrive there before sunset.你们要在日落前到达那里。(命令)she shall get what she deserves.她会有报应的。(警告)2shall用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中，表示条约、规章、法令等中的义务或规定，常译为“应，必须”。all members shall contribute to the fund needed for carrying on such activities.所有成员都要捐助进行这一类活动所需要的经费。visitors shall not pick flowers.游客不得攀折花木。3在下列句型中的that从句里常用should，把that从句的情景看成是可能存在的，也就是说，对从句表达的情景表示怀疑、惊讶、忧虑、惋惜、欢喜等，翻译时，常加上“竟然”两字。im surprised/sorry/satisfied/glad/afraid/anxious/worried.that.i think it important/a pity.that.i cannot imagine/believe.that.it worries me/astonished me.that.it is proper/likely/probable/possible.that.im surprised that he should feel lonely.他竟然会感到孤独，真使我惊讶。it is astonishing that he should have committed the same mistake.他竟犯了相同的错误，真令人吃惊。how can you expect that she should lend money to you？你怎么能指望她借钱给你呢？考点4情态动词表推测1my book，the house of hades，is missing.who _ have taken it？(2014陕西，25) aneed bmustcshould dcould2what are you doing this saturday?im not sure，but i _ go to the rolling stones concert.(2013重庆，26)amust bwouldcshould dmight3the children _ lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.(2013陕西，21)amust have got bmust getcshould have got dshould get4why are your eyes so red？you_have slept well last night.yeah，i stayed up late writing a report.(2013四川，5)acant bmustntcneednt dwont考点归纳1表示肯定推测时mustwillwouldought toshouldcancouldmaymight。2表示否定推测时cant语气最强，意为“不可能”；may/might/could not的语气较弱，意为“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推测，而表示“禁止，不能”)。3表示推测时，must只能用在肯定句中；may和might只能用在肯定句和否定句中；can和could可用于各种句式，can用于肯定句中时，有时表示“一时的可能性或暂时的可能性”。4“情态动词do”表示对目前动作的推测；“情态动词be doing”表示对正在发生的动作的推测；“情态动词have done”表示对过去发生的动作的推测。考点5与情态动词有关的特殊搭配i_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.(2012陕西，23)awont bcant ccan dwill考点归纳1cannot/never.too/enough.再也不过分，越越好2cant help/choose but do.只好做3cant but do.不得不做4cant help doing.情不自禁做5it cant be helped实在没办法；无法避免6more than sb.can.非某人所能7may/might well do.理所当然8may/might as well do.不妨做；还是做的好9dare i say/suggest.我可以说考点6虚拟语气的用法1without his wartime experiences，hemingway _ his famous novel a farewell to arms.(2015重庆，7)adidnt write bhadnt written cwouldnt write dwouldnt have written2it is lucky we booked a room，or we_nowhere to stay now.(2015安徽，32)ahad bhad hadcwould have dwould have had3ellen is a fantastic dancer.i wish i _ as well as her.(2015陕西，23)adance bwill dancechad danced ddanced4if i _ it with my own eyes, i wouldnt have believed it.(2015北京，34)adidnt see bwerent seeingcwouldnt see dhadnt seen5we would rather our daughter _ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014陕西，23)awould stay bhas stayedcstayed dstay6it was john who broke the window.why are you talking to me as if i _ it？(2014重庆，13)ahad done bhave donecdid dam doing7jack is a great talker.its high time that he _something instead of just talking.(2012辽宁，33)awill do bhas donecdo ddid考点归纳1在if引导的非真实条件句中，如果用虚拟语气，则主句和从句都用虚拟语气；若不用，则主从句都不用虚拟语气，不能一方用另一方不用。2注意but (except)表示条件的结构：would动词原形but (except)现在时陈述句(陈述语气)，表示同现在相反的假设。would have过去分词but (except)过去时陈述句(陈述语气)，表示同过去相反的假设。i would have gone with her，but i was too busy.我本来要和她一起去的，但是我太忙了。3its (high/about) time that主语should do/过去时“到了某人做的时候了”。it is high time that we went to bed/should go to bed.到了我们睡觉的时候了。4would rather.过去时(与现在或将来相反)/过去完成时(与过去相反)id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。解题方法方法1意义判断法所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。you_ park here！its an emergency exit.awouldnt bneedntccouldnt dmustnt答案d解析句意为：你不能把车停在这里！这是一个紧急出口。wouldnt不会；neednt没有必要；couldnt不能够；mustnt不准，禁止。故选d项。方法2句型判断法有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推测时，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推测只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点，选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。may i take this book out of the reading room?no，you_.you read it in here.(2010陕西，23)amightnt bwontcneednt dmustnt答案d解析句意为：我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？不可以，你一定不能带出去。你就在这里读。mustnt表示强烈的禁止。方法3语气判断法情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度，所以在解答此类试题时，一定要注意说话者的语气(这也是解题的难点)，这就要求正确理解句子，从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。just as we were sitting down to have dinner，the telephone_ring.amust bcouldcmight dneed答案a解析考查情态动词。must在此表示说话人的愿望或感到不耐烦，意为“偏要”。句意为：正当我们要坐下来吃饭时，偏偏电话铃响了。方法4人称判断法有些情态动词在表达某个意义时，要与特定的人称连用，这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。i havent got the reference book yet，but ill have a test on the subject next month.dont worry.you_have it by friday.(2010江苏，25)acould bshallcmust dmay答案b解析句意为：我还没有弄到参考书，但是下个月我将参加这门学科的测试。不要担心，到星期五时你就有了。could能够；shall在句中表示“允诺”；must必须；may也许，可以。方法5句型提示法虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中，在不同的从句中，虚拟语气用不同的动词形式来体现，如if非真实条件句(分三种情形)，wish后的宾语从句，it is time that.的定语从句等。所以，掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词形式，就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。if we_the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.atake bhad takenctook dhave taken答案b解析句意为：如果我们走另一条路的话，我们或许能够及时到达这里参加这次会议了。根据主句的谓语动词might have arrived可以推出，本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if条件句中应该用过去完成时。方法6特定词汇暗示法英语中某些短语如if it were not for/had not been for，but for.，if only.，without等，往往要采用虚拟语气，它们对于解答试题有很大的帮助，掌握了这些要点知识，做起题来也就很容易了。thank you for all your hard work last week.i dont think we _ it without you.acan manage bcould have managedccould manage dcan have managed答案b解析could have done表示本能够做某事(但没做)。提醒：完成作业强化练(四)二轮专题强化练强化练(四)情态动词与虚拟语气 (建议用时：12分钟)1fortunately enough，the old man was rushed to the hospital in time.three minutes late，and he _.(2015泰州二模，32)awould die bwas to diecshould have died dwould have died2where are my new sneakers？have you seen them?how _ i know？im your sister，not your servant.(2015苏锡常镇一模，24)ashall bwill cshould dmight3mom！jack has broken a cup!it doesnt matter.accidents _ happen.(2015南京、盐城一模，22)ashould bmust cwill dshall4the measure of a mans real character is what he _ if he _ he would never be found out.(2015苏锡常镇二模，31)awould do；knew bmay do；knewcmight do；knows dshould do；had known5the guide was enthusiastic and knowledgeable and we spent a lovely evening wandering into places which we _ straight past otherwise.(2015南京三模，31)ahad walked bwere walkingcwould have walked dmust have walked6what about your trip to the town?couldnt be worse.stuck in the mud，the car _ not move，however hard we pushed it.(2015徐州三模，31)acould bshould cwould dmight7did you go to taylor swifts concert last night?i would rather i _.but i was preparing a report for my boss.(2014徐州三模，31)adid bhad cwould dmight8i think i saw mr.smith at yesterdays party.he _ there.he is now on a business trip in greece.and he left the day before yesterday.(2014徐州三模，28)amustnt have been bcouldnt have beencmight not be dshould not be9thanks for inviting me to your party._ my classmate jane come?of course.she is always welcome.(2014苏北四市一模，25)amust bshould cwill dshall10did you attend the opening ceremony of the voice of china last week?sorry！we _ it，but we had a terrible traffic accident on our way.(2014苏锡常镇二模，32)amust have attended bmust attendccould have attended dcould attend11my computer _ start，no matter how hard i try.it might have crashed.(2014南京、盐城二模，27)awont bshouldntcmustnt dwouldnt12the boys parents _ the operation last week had it not been for the donations from our school.acouldnt have paid for bcouldnt pay forcshouldnt have paid for dwouldnt pay for13statistics indicate that it _ well be quite some time before the global economy starts to recover.amay bshould ccan dmust14the sleeping baby would be scared _ a sudden loud noise.awas there bthere wascshould there be dthere should be15lucy looks so upset.she _ the driving test.it is the second time that she has failed in the test.acant pass bmustnt passccant have passed dmustnt have passed16the weather in the south is generally warm，but it _ be very cold sometimes.amust bshall cwill dcan17did jack take the doctors advice that he _ in bed for another three days?if only he _.alie；did blie；hadclies；does dlies；would18do you know where david is？he is not in the office.well，he _ have gone farhis coats still here.ashouldnt bmustntccant dwouldnt19there is a real possibility that these babies could be terrified，_ a sudden loud explosion. ashould there be bbeing therecthere was dthere having been20i _ in the final of the voice of china，but i was kicked out of the first round.amust join bwould have joinedcmust have joined dwould join学生用书答案精析专题四情态动词与虚拟语气考点11a考查情态动词。句意为：你一定要非常小心地对待这个照相机，它很贵。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机一定很昂贵，所以“必须”小心对待，故选择a。2a考查情态动词。句意为：你一定是卡萝尔，这么多年你一点儿都没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。3c考查情态动词。句意为：你必须现在插话吗？难道你没看到我正在打电话吗？抱歉，先生。但事情紧急。分析句意可知前者是问对方必须(must)要插话吗，答语中的“urgent”也是关键信息。can表示“能够”；should表“应该”；would表“将会”，均不合语境。4c考查情态动词。句意为：如果你一定要吸烟，请到外面去。if you must do sth.如果你一定要做某事(表示虽不赞同，但允许)，为习惯用语。考点21c考查情态动词。此题考查的是would表示过去的习惯性动作，可译为“过去常常”。句意为：我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。2c考查情态动词。句意为：不管她怎么推，门还是打不开。shouldnt不应该；couldnt主观的不能；wouldnt不会；mightnt可能不。3c考查情态动词。mustnt禁止，不允许；shouldnt不应该，表示责怪、批评；wouldnt不愿意，表示否定的意愿；mightnt或许不，表示否定的可能性。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选c项。考点31d考查“情态动词have done”。句意为：很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done本应该做但是没有做。2c考查情态动词。句意为：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还要给我带吃的。should可表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，此处意为“竟然”，表惊讶。考点41d考查情态动词。第二句句意为：可能是谁拿走了呢？need需要；must一定，肯定，表猜测时通常只用于肯定句；should多指预期的事，常译为“按道理说应该”；could可表示说话者主观猜测的“可能”，此时用于否定句和疑问句中，符合题意。2d考查情态动词。四个选项都表示推测。must表示的可能性最大，其次是would，should，might。根据答语中的“im not sure”可知，此处表示的可能性较小，故用might。3a考查情态动词。句意为：孩子们一定在树林里迷路了；要不然他们本会按计划到湖边的宿营地的。根据句意可知前句是表示对过去动作的推测，故排除b、d两项。c项表示“过去本应该做某事(但没做成)”。4a考查情态动词。句意为：你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚肯定没睡好。是的，我熬夜写了一篇报告。cant have done不可能做过，表示对过去事情的否定推测，符合句意。mustnt禁止；neednt没必要，wont不愿意。考点5b考查情态动词。所填情态动词与too构成固定句型cant/couldnt.too.，意为“再都不为过”，故选b。考点61d考查虚拟语气。句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了，武器。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/mighthave done，故d项正确。2c考查虚拟语气。句意为：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据“now”可知，是对现在的情况进行虚拟，因此用“would动词原形”，故选c。3d考查虚拟语气。句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！i wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用could/should/would/might do；叙述与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去式，选d项。4d考查虚拟语气。句意为：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldnt have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。5c考查虚拟语气。would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反；用“had过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处动词应用过去式，故选c项。6a考查虚拟语气。句意为：是john打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏的似的？题中broke表示“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故a项正确。7dits high time that后面的句子通常用一般过去时，有时也用“should动词原形”的形式，但should不可省略。句意为：jack是一个很喜欢说大话的人。到了他做点事情，而不是只讲大话的时候了。二轮专题强化练答案精析强化练(四)情态动词与虚拟语气1d句意为：足够幸运的是那位老人被迅速送到了医院。到得很及时，再晚三分钟，他就会丧命。根据句意可知本题是与过去事实相反的假设，排除a、b两项；should have done本应该做而没有做，不符合题意。故选d项。2c句意为：我的新运动鞋在哪里？你看到过吗？我怎么知道啊？我是你的姐姐，不是你的仆人。should可以表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的情况，符合语境。故选c项。3c句意为：妈妈！杰克打碎了一个杯子！不要紧。意外总是会发生的。should应该；must必须；shall用于第三人称表示命令、警告等；will总是，惯于(表示某事经常发生或总是如此)，符合题意。故选c项。4a句意为：衡量一个人的真正品格是看如果他知道不会被发现，他会怎么做。is后是一个表语从句，整个从句是一个非真实条件句，与现在事实相反，if从句谓语应用一般过去时(为be动词时用were)，主句用would do。故选a项。5c句意为：这个导游非常热情，知识非常丰富，我们度过了一个美妙的夜晚，溜达到了一些地方，不然这些地方我们会径直经过。根据句意，假如没有这个导游，这些地方我们只会路过，这是与过去事实相反的假设。故选c项。6c句意为：你们这次去镇上怎么样啊？不能更糟了。车陷在了泥里，不论我们怎么用力推，它就是不动。当物作主语时，will/would的否定形式可以表示“不起作用”。故选c项。7b句意为：你昨晚去泰勒斯威夫特的演唱会了吗？我宁愿我去了。但是我昨晚在给老板准备一个报告。would rather后接从句，如果与现在事实相反，用动词的过去式；如果与过去事实相反，用had done，这里在谈论昨晚发生的事情，是与过去事实相反的假设，用had done，done被省略。故选b项。8b考查情态动词表示推测。句意为：我觉得我在昨天的聚会上看到史密斯先生了。他不可能