江苏省中考英语 八下 Unit 18要点复习 牛津版.doc

unit 1一、 词形变化northnorthern southsouthern easteastern westwestern marrymarried wifewives pollutepollution lonelyablone situatesituation recentrecently possiblepossiblyimpossiblecommunicatecommunication exactexactly 二、 重要短语in the past 在过去at present 现在=at the moment just now 刚才used to do sth 过去常常-，曾经be / get used to sth / doing sth 习惯于be used to do sth 被用来做since then 自从那时起=from the on turn/ change-into -把变成over/ during/ in the past / last-在过去的(时间)中over the years 在这些年中over the past century 在过去的一百年中a waste of time 浪费时间in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面feel lonely 觉得孤独from time to time 时常，有时候=at times / sometimes have an interview with sb 采访/ 面试某人=interview sb all ones life 一生，终生go abroad 出国keep in touch (with sb ) (与某人) 保持联系communicate with sb 和某人交流open space 开阔地share sth with sb 和某人分享某物be kind to sb 对某人好the changes in beijing 北京的变化transport at different times 不同时代的交通工具go around the city 到市郊wait for-等候know-well 熟悉，对很了解in the northern part of-在的北部=in the north of-=in the northern-get married 结婚get/ be married to sb 和某人结婚，嫁/娶某人move to-搬到move (-) away (把) 搬走move into -搬进change a lot 变化很大post office 邮政局in the town centre 在镇中心=in the centre of town a steel factory 钢厂put the waste into the river 把废物排进河里improve the situation 改善状况play cards 打牌 play chinese chess下中国象棋railway station 火车站living condition生活条件；居住环境a modern town 一个现代化的城镇communicate by email 通过电子邮件联系make communication much easier 使得交流容易得多take place 发生primary school 小学on ones own 独自=by oneself enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒适的生活on both sides 在两边= on each/ either side run through-贯穿 三、 重点语言点1. used to do 表示过去常做而现在已经不再发生的动作或状态，其否定形式可用usednt do 或者didnt use to ， there used to be 过去有be used to sth / doing sth 习惯于，to 是介词，其宾语可以是名词或代词，也可以是动名词。2. marry是不及物动词和短暂性动词，其后接宾语时用to而不能用with，与一段时间连用时须改为be married 3. -has changed a lot- 变化很大=many / great changes have taken place -=there have been great/many changes -8b 单元复习要点2（unit2）一、 词形变化traveltravellingtraveller missmissing marrymarrieddiedyingdeaddeath beautybeautiful busybusiness flyflight directdirectlyindirect 二、 重点短语roller coaster 过山车such as 例如a couple of- 一对，几个at the end of -在末尾on business 出差，做生意theme park 主题公园go sailing 去航海place of interest 名胜go for a holiday 去度假on holiday 在度假a trip to hong kong 去香港的旅行have a fantastic time 玩得高兴=have fun= enjoy oneself spend the whole day 度过一整天at high speed 以高速through the ride 在过程中hurry to -匆忙到in a hurry 匆忙地cant stop doing 不停地做later in the afternoon 傍晚前后take photos 拍照winter /summer holiday 寒假chinese gardens 中国园林places of natural beauty自然美景的地方seaside cities 海滨城市all year round 一年到头the best time to do 做某事的最佳时间take a direct flight 乘直达航班leave (-) for - 动身去-fly to- 乘飞机去=go to -by plane/ air some day (将来) 某一天watch the fireworks 观看烟火a visit / trip to -去的旅行/ 参观at this / that time of year 在每年的这个/ 那个时候dolphin show 海豚表演by the way 顺便问一下go for a picnic 去野餐attend a meeting 参加/出席会议三、 重要语言点1. have/ has been to - has/ have been to -意为“去过”表示主语过去的经历，但现在已经不在目的地，常和ever, never, before, once , twice 等连用he has been to the usa twice. 他去过美国两次。where have you been ? i have waited for a long time. 你去哪了？我等了你很久了。2. have/ has gone to- has/have gone to-意为“去了”，表示主语现在的去向，已经不在说话之处，一般只用于第三人称，常和just, already 等连用where has she gone ? i have something important to tell her.她去哪了？我有些重要的事情要告诉她。suzy is not at home. she has gone to the bookshop. suzy不在家，她去书店了。3. have/ has been in/ at- has/ have been in/ at -意为“在/ 到一段时间了”，表示主语已经在目的地，been in/at 代替了短暂性动词come/ go to -, arrive in/at-, reach/ get to -等，常和for-/ since-一起连用 mr. wang has been in nanjing since he was born. 王先生出生以来就在南京了。牛津英语8b 单元复习要点( unit 3)一、 重要的词形变化asiaasian africaafrican europeeuropean americaamerican southsouthern darkdarkness relaxrelaxingrelaxed musicmusical pleasepleasedpleasantpleasure twentytwentieth britainbritish tourtourist centrecentral 二、 重点短语in the past 在过去the other day 几天前so far 到现在为止=up to now / till now realize your dream 实现你的梦想some day 某一天（将来）on the southern coast of australia 在澳大利亚的东南海岸(be ) the opposite of-在的对面，和相反/对a ship with many sails 一艘有许多帆的船on the website 在网页上for example/ such as 例如mind sb/ sbs doing 介意某人做某事daily english 日常英语book tickets 预订票order meals 点餐see a doctor 看医生/ 看病place of natural beauty 自然美景prepare for -为做好准备=get ready for-take an online tour 进行一次网上旅行remote control 遥控器main unit 主机do word processing 文字处理world-famous trade centre 闻名世界的贸易中心in the darkness 在黑暗中send and receive emails 收发电子邮件so such for sth 到此为止=thats all for sthdream of/ about-梦见/梦想my pleasure 不用谢，乐意效劳(事后)=its my/a pleasurewith pleasure 乐意，愿意做(事前)be made up of-由组成around the world 全世界，世界各地place of interest 名胜search for information 搜寻信息click on the icon 点击这个图标at the top of-在顶端at the bottom of-在底部at the southern end of-在最南端further on 再往前走，继续向前see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness 看巨大的玻璃球划破夜幕降落下来after a hard days work 在一天的辛勤工作后be famous for -因而出名since the early twentieth century 自20世纪初以来hear of / about -听说what-for ?为什么in daily communication 在日常交流中welcome the new year迎接新年(的到来)三、 主要语言点和语法1. would you mind showing me how to start this online tour ?no, of course not ./ certainly not. / not at all.sorry , (youd) better not.2. what do you usually use your computer for ?=what do you usually use your computer to do ?3. with pleasure 与my pleasure with pleasure回答别人的请求，用于做事情前，my pleasure回答别人的感谢，用于事情完成后。4. 区分一般过去时与现在完成时牛津英语8b 单元复习要点( unit 4)一、 重要的词形变化germangermany knowknowledgefrenchfrance writewriter uglybeautifulpretty tietying stomachstomachs ableunableability successsucceedsuccessfulsuccessfully sellsale canadacanadian hidehidden confidenceconfident adviseadvice librarylibrarian 二、 重点短语do some reading / cooking 看书/ 做饭read novels 看小说in ones spare/ free time 在某人有空的时候be tired out 筋疲力尽not-until 直到才fall over 跌倒，摔倒continue to do / doing 继续做某事either-or-不是就是/ 或者或者lift his left hand 举起他的左手hand -in 上交/ 递交an army of -一群be unable to do -不能/ 不会做and so on 等等return sth to sb 把归还给某人=give -back to sb on time 准时publishing house 出版社so far 到现在为止refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事have success in-取得成功a great success 巨大的成功translate -into-把翻译成be translated into 7o languages 被翻译成70种语言on sales 特价，减价出售open up 开启， 开创at a time 每次，依次advise sb to do sth hidden treasure 宝藏have confidence in -对有信心a copy of -一份，一本reach the box on the fridge 够到冰箱上的盒子a book (written) by sb 某人写的书improve my knowledge 提高我的知识crash against the rocks 撞到岩石as-as sb can/ could 尽可能地=as -as possible go to sleep 去睡觉wake-up 醒来，唤醒swim as far as he could 奋力前游tie-to -把绑/ 栓/ 捆到上be tied to -被绑/ 捆/ 栓到上the same size as -和一样大小shout at / to -朝大喊pull my hand free 挣脱我的手run away from them 逃离他们manage to do 设法完成某事get away 逃跑ask for help 寻求帮助keep quiet 保持安静as a result 结果，因此on the one hand ,on the other hand 一方面，另一方面all year round 一年到头in fact 事实上，实际上exciting experiences 令人兴奋的经历reading habits 阅读习惯different types of-不同之类的four great classical chinese novels 中国四大古典小说opposite my home 在我家对面三、 主要语言点和语法1. the same +n. as -和一样2. as -as sb/ can =as -as possible 3. 疑问词+ to do 充当主语， 表语， 宾语advise, ask, decide, discuss, find out, forget, know, learn ,remember, show, teach, think, understand, wonder, explain4. have to 与must 的区别 牛津英语8b 单元复习要点( unit 5)一、 词形变化politeimpolitepolitely properproperly greetgreeting behavebehavior tilluntil loudloudly saysaying romeroman discussdiscussion romanroamns expressexpression warnwarning successsucceedsuccessfulsuccessfully 二、 重点短语good manners 良好的习惯，有礼貌cut in ( on sb ) 打断，插嘴shake ones hand 握手=shake hands with sb avoid doing sth 避免做某事pick-up 捡起，拾起pick flowers 摘花jump the queue 插队wait/ queue for ones turn 排队等候push in 插队in public 公开地public signs 公共标志in ones way 挡住某人的路on ones way to -在某人去的路上by the way 顺便问一下close friends 亲密的朋友bump into sb 无意碰到/ 撞到某人push past sb 从某人身边挤过去all the time 一直，始终all the same 仍然at times 有时候just as the saying goes 正如谚语所说start a conversation 开始对话keep your voice down 压低你的嗓音be helpful to sb 对某人有帮助的write down all the main points 写下所有的要点be busy with sth 忙于某事be busy doing sth 忙着做某事on ones own 独自地=by oneself express himself clearly 清楚地表达(他)自己dancing lessons 舞蹈课be used in -用于in colours 在色彩上take photos 拍照take turns to do sth 轮流做某事excuse me 打扰一下，劳驾as well (as) 也， 还有by accident 偶然，意外explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事keep sb from sth 保护，使免受warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人(不)做某事no parking / smoking/ photots/ littering 禁止停车/ 吸烟/ 拍照/ 扔垃圾the purpose of -的目标soon after 不久以后share sth with sb 和某人分享drop litter everywhere 随手扔垃圾keep quiet 保持安静obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则leave the tap running 让水龙头开着(流水)put-back 放回去invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事the proper way to greet people 问候人的正确方式for the first time 第一次greet people with a kiss 用亲吻问候人behave politely 举止文明a famous painting by picasso 一幅毕加索的名画practise doing sth 练习做某事come true 实现in ones life 在一生中after years hard work 在数年的艰苦工作后make too much noise 发出太大的噪音reach over sbs plate for sth 越过别人的盘子够东西make sure 务必，一定，确保wait for -等候at the table 在桌旁table manners 餐桌礼仪its ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事give a talk 做报告。做演讲take place 发生，举行三、 主要语言点和语法1. 主语+动词+too +形容词/副词 ( for sb ) + to do sth 2. 主语+动词+形容词/ 副词+enough (for sb ) to do sth .3. 主语+动词+so +形容词/ 副词+that +主语+动词4. 常见英语谚语 its /youre never too late to learn. 活到老学到老。 when in rome, do as roman do. 入乡随俗。 the early bird catches the worm. 捷足先登。 it never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。 many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高。 every dog has his/its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 put all your egge in one basket. 孤注一掷。 the grass is always greener on the other side. 风景在别处. / 邻家芳草绿。 actions speak louder than words.行动胜过语言。 no pain, no gain. 一份耕耘，一份收获。 a friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧 burn the candle at both ends. 蜡烛两头烧。/ 过度劳累。牛津英语8b 单元复习要点( unit 6)一、 词形变化traintraining homehomeless meanmeaningmeaningful oldelderly ableabilitydisableddisability goldgolden confidentconfidence closecloselyclosed donatedonation organizeorganizationorganized introduceintroduction survivesurvivor operateoperation 二、 重点短语the olympic games 奥运会=the olympics give a helping hand 伸出援助之手give up ( sth/ doing ) 放弃sunshine for all 阳光普照每个人volunteer for 主动承担/ 志愿volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事some more 又一些/再一些at work 在工作，在上班try/ do ones best to do 尽力做某事in need 有需要,在危难中people who need help 需要帮助的人the elderly 老年人the homeless people 无家可归者a disabled person 残疾人blind people 盲人provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物=provide sb with sththe special olympics world games 特奥会a chance to do sth 做某事的机会the most amazing experience of his life 他一生中最最令人惊异的经历work as a volunteer 做一名志愿者children with intellectual disabilities 有智力障碍的儿童such as 例如receive training 接受培训make the event a great success 使这个活动获得很大成功north china 华北be born with -生来具有的，天生的be born deaf 生来就聋try (not) to do sth 努力（不）做because of -因为，由于work closely 密切合作get to do sth 获得做某事的机会swimming lessons 游泳课come true 实现be different from -与不同show their skills to the world 向世界展示他们的技能such an event 这样的活动make friends with sb 和某人交朋友a college student 大学生a primary school teacher 小学教师keep in touch (with -) (和)保持联系in a mountain area 在山区give him books to read 给他书看at community centre 在社区中心take action to do sth 采取行动做某事sb with serious disease 有严重疾病的人expect (sb ) to do sth 期待(某人) 做某事be similar to -与相似be confident in -对有信心achieve/ realize ones dream 实现梦想donate sth to -捐给raise sth for -为筹集project hope 希望工程do / perform an operation on sb 给某人做手术=operate on sb win (the) first prize 获得第一名=come first be close to -靠近三、 主要语言点和语法1. it is + adj. + to do sth2. it is + adj. +for sb + to do sth=doing sth is +adj. for sb .形容词表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况，描述的是事情如：hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible , useful, useless, boring, exciting，介词for的宾语的动作的逻辑主语3. it is + adj.+of sb + to do sth=sb is +adj. (+enough ) to do sth . 形容词描述的是人的特征、品质等，如：brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong, right, bad, strong, kind ,nice, wise, selfish, generous, careful, careless牛津英语8b 单元复习要点( unit 7)一、 词形变化speciallyespecially educateeducation interviewinterviewer blindblindness mostmostly medicinemedical traettreatment operateoperation proudpride developdevelopment includeincluding indiaindian organizeorganizationorganied readreader holdheld secretsecretary officeofficer 二、 重点短语can / cant afford sth 没有/ 有足够的钱买某物can/ cant afford to do sth 没有/ 有足够的钱做某事go to hospital 去看病see the doctor 看病on board 在飞机 ( 船/ 车等 )上carry on with sth 继续某事caarry on doing sth 继续做某事hand-out 分发，提出hand -in 上交it doesnt matter 不要紧，没关系=never mind set up 成立，建立，设立make up ones mind (to do sth) 下定决心 (做某事)worry about -担心international charities 国际慈善机构all over/ around the world 全世界work for the equal rights 为了平等权利而工作provide basic education 提供基础教育have a check 检查keep asking oneself 不停地/ 不断地问自己get/ have (a) toothache 牙疼hold a charity show 举行一次慈善演出medical treatment 医疗prevent the spread of diseases 阻止疾病的扩散too weak to walk/ go any further （身体）太弱不能前行be proud of - 为感到自豪be the pride of -是的骄傲developing country 发展中国家developed country 发达国家whats the matter ( with sb ) ?怎么啦？=whats wrong ?have an interview with sb 采访某人do/ perform an operation 做手术be used as a training centre 被用作培训中心be used to do sth / for doing sth 被用来做某事be used to sth/ doing 习惯于某事/ 做某事hope to become/ be a teacher 希望成为一名教师on the farm 在农场上all day ( long) 整天the conditions of the local people 当地人的情况be afraid of sb/ sth / doing 害怕train as a nurse 培训成一名护士drive to work 开车上班attend courses 上课make noise 吵闹nothing serious 不严重take medicine after meals 饭后服药in a few days the united nations 联合国the students union 学生会many millions of -数百万的三、 主要语言点和语法1. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态句子的谓语部分由助动词be +动词的过去分词,其中，助动词be来体现时态的变化。2. 一般现在时态的被动语态构成：s(主语）+am/is /are +v-ed 3. 一般过去时态的被动语态的构成：was/were+ v-ed 4. 主动语态变被动语态的注意点： 主动和被动时态一致原则, 主动句在改为被动句时，须注意时态一致; 注意主动句和被动句中主语与宾语“格”的变化 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语须使用主格，主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语须用宾格; 被动句注意主谓一致的原则被动句中的谓语动词与主语须保持人称和数的一致。5. 使用被动语态的注意点：感官动词、使役动词等在主动语态中后接零动词不定式变成被动语态时要加上“to” 即：-see/hear/notice sb. do sth.变为了 sb. be seen/heard/noticed to do sth. -let/make/have sb. do sth.变为了 sb. be let/made/had to do sth. 双宾语结构变为被动语态的两种情况： 1）常把间接宾语即（sb）变为主语 2）若把直接宾语(即sth.)变为被动句的主语时，常在保留宾语前加to或for。 主动语态中“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”的短语动词变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。请注意以下几种不用被动语态的情况：a. 不及物动词（vi）没有被动语态, 下列动词直接用主动语态表示被动意义。如：happen, cost, die, fall ,start/begin, rise, appear, disappear， etc.b. 联系动词（linking v）没有被动语态（seem, look, become, get, grow, turn, remain, stay, sound, feel, smell, taste等），只能用系表结构，注意与被动语态的区别。c. 一些短语动词相当于不及物动词，没有被动结构, 直接用主动形式