grammar现在分词.ppt

非谓语动词 过去分词 不定式 动名词 现在分词 Revision 分词 ing形式 动名词 现在分词 Grammarandusage Unit2 一 动词的 ing形式概念动词的 ing形式包括两种 现在分词具有形容词和副词特征可作定语 状语 表语 宾补 动名词具有名词特征可作主语 宾语 表语 定语等 Therearemanysleepingstudentsinclass 表语 定语 Feelingthelessonisboring thestudentsaresleepy Thestudentsfeelthelessonboring Thelessonisboring 宾补 状语 二 时态和语态 doing beingdone havingdone havingbeendone 1 Hehurriedhome lookingbehindashewent 2 Havingfinishedtheirwork theyhadarest 3 Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary 4 Havingbeenshownthelab weweretakentoseethelibrary 一般式 完成式 被动语态 被动完成式 时态和语态 2 ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang 1 arunningman 三 现在分词的语法功能1 Attribute定语 ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang 小结 1 V ing形式作定语可表示主语所作动作正在进行或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系 2 单个V ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前3 V ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后此时相当于一个定语从句 Thepeoplesittingbehindusareteachers Thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareteachers Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses YourjourneyinKenyaisreallyexciting Whatyoudidwasdisappointing ThenightmareIhadlastnightwasveryfrightening 现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征 相当于形容词 含有 令人 其主语通常是物 2 Predicative表语 Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen 3 ObjectComplement Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest 常见的两类接现在分词作宾补的动词 感官动词 see hear watch find feel smell observenotice lookat listento等 使役动词have keep get leave make等 现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别 现在分词 动作正在进行 不定式 动作的全过程 试比较 1 Iheardhersingingasongjustnow 在唱歌 正在进行的动作 2 Iheardhersingasongjustnow 唱了歌 听见全过程 1 Sixtymillionpeople live inruralareasaremovingtothecitieseveryyear 2 Thebottle contain thepoisonwassenttothelaboratory 3 Ourtripwas disappoint Wedidnotfindanyunusualplants Practice living containing Fillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform disappointing 4 Isawthem force thedooropenwithahammer 5 Thenewswas shock Allthethreeboatshadsunkinthestorm forcing shocking 4 现在分词作状语1 作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句 常同连词when after while once until等连用 注 当现在分词短语用来表示时间时 可以和when after等引导的时间状语从句互换Hearingthebadnews theycouldn thelpcrying Whentheyheardthebadnews theycouldn thelpcrying Havingreceivedhisletter Idecidedtowriteback AfterIhadreceivedhisletter Idecidedtowriteback 2 作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句 Beingastudent Imustworkhard Beingsoangry hecouldn tgotosleep Because As Sincehewassoangry hecouldn tgotosleep BecauseIamastudent Imustworkhard 3 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句Workinghard youwillsucceed Ifyouworkhard youwillsucceed Puttingmoresaltintothesoup youwillfinditmoredelicious Ifyouputmoresaltintothesoup youwillfinditmoredelicious 当现在分词用来表示条件时 可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换 4 作伴随状语 相当于并列句Theycameintotheclassroom singingandlaughing Theysangandlaughed theycameintotheclassroom Thestudentscamein follow theirteacher Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry bring meafullbasketoffreshfruits following bringing Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke makingtheairdirty Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke 非限制性定语从句 whichmakestheairdirty 5 作结果状语 Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke theairismadedirty Asaresult 当现在分词短语用来表结果时 可以和asaresult引导的结果状语从句互换 也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句 例 Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday causinghertokeepaslimfigure Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday hertokeepaslimfigure Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday shekeepsaslimfigure whichcauses Asaresult ing短语作让步状语 可置于句首或句末 常与evenif though连用 如 6 作让步状语 Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight hedidn tgetenoughfood 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活 但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的 Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight hisfatherdidn tgetenoughfood 注意 V ing形式的否定not要置于V ing之前 分词作状语时 其逻辑主语同主句的主语一致且有逻辑主动关系 往往可转换为相应的状语从句 不定式和分词作状语的区别不定式能做目的状语和表示意料之外的结果状语 这时 前面常带only 分词 包括现在分词和过去分词 能做时间 条件原因 伴随 让步 方式或表示自然结果的状语 比较 Hehurriedtothestation onlytofindthetrainhadleft Inordertocatchtheearlybus hegotupearly Thefloodwasrising washingtwobridgesaway 1 a Hearingthenews tearsrandownherface b Hearingthenews shecriedoutsadly 2 a Enteringtheclassroom Ifoundnobodyinit b Enteringtheclassroom nobodywasfoundinit Choosethecorrectsentence 3 a Lookingoutthroughthewindow thegardenwasbeautiful b Lookingoutthroughthewindow wesawabeautifulgarden 4 a Readingtheeveningnewspaper adogstartedbarking b Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking 现在分词做独立成分 有些分词可以独立存在 在句中没有逻辑上的主语 作为习惯用法 这些短语有 generally franklyspeaking一般来说 坦白来说judgingfrom by由 来判断takingallthingsintoconsideration考虑各方面因素eg Generallyspeaking girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys Judgingfromhisaccent heisanewcomer 被用作介词或连词的分词 supposingproviding providedgiven都解释为 假设 假如 设想 considering鉴于 考虑到concerning regarding关于accordingto按照talkingof谈到speakingof说到 Supposinghewon tpasstheexam whatshouldhedo Accordingtohisreport thesituationisgettingserious Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam thus thedelay A tocauseB causingC causedD cause2 Iwasinthebathroom not theknockatthedoor A hearB tohearC hearingD heard Exercise 3 Afterseeingthemovie A thebookwasreadbyhimB thebookmadehimwanttoreaditC hewantedtoreadthebookD thereadingofthebookinterestedhim 4 Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed dead A lyingB lieC layD laying5 Therewasterriblenoise thesuddenburstoflight A followedB followingC tobefollowedD beingfollowed 6 Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident A toprepareB preparingC preparedD waspreparing 7 Can tyouread Marysaid tothenotice A angrilypo