江苏省高三英语考前赢分30天第26天.doc

江苏省栟茶高级中学2013年高考考前赢分30天核心知识英语中的种种省略现象在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了、重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子意思不变，这种语言现象称为省略(ellipsis)。英语中常见的省略情形如下：一、简单句中的省略二、动词不定式省略，只保留to 的场合1不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。2不定式作动词ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等的宾语补足语或主语补足语时。3不定式在句中作形容词happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等的状语时。4不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如：he doesnt like fish, but he used to.三、动词不定式to省略的情形1主语部分有to do，系动词 is 或 was 时，作表语的不定式通常省去to, 如：the only thing you have to do is press the button. 2作介词but，expect，besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to. 3主语部分暗含to do，表语中的不定式通常省去to。如：all i want（to do）is go to school and study hard.4当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略.5在would ratherthan 等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略。6在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to。 五、主从复合句中的省略1并列复合句中的省略：在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如：tom must have been playing basketball and mary（must have been）doing her homework. 2状语从句中的省略：状语从句在省略时，应遵循以下原则：（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：连词（as，as if，once）+ 名词。连词（though, whether, when）+形容词。连词（whether，as if，while）+介词短语。连词（when，while，though）+现在分词。连词（when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as）+过去分词。连词（as if, as though ）+ 不定式。（2）当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if, unless, when, whenever）+形容词的结构。 3定语从句中的省略 一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that，which，whom 可以省略。而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which, whom 不可以省略。在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词when, where和why经常用that来代替，甚至还可省略。当先行词the way表示“方式”时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which或将它们全部省略。4宾语从句中的省略 （1）在及物动词后的宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是that引导的两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。（2）由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。经典例题1who should be responsible for the accident? the boss, not the workers. they just carried out the order . a. as toldb. as are told c. as tellingd. as they told2.you ought to have given them some advice._, but who cared what i asked?a. so it was b. so i ought to have c. so i did d. so i ought to标准答案。试题分析此题选是因为当动词不定式to有be动词或助动词have或have been时， to/to be/to have/to have been均须保留。b选项补全应为so i ought to have given them some advice，该句中have是助动词，所以也须和ought to 一起保留下来，其余的可以省去。考前赢分第26天 爱练才会赢前日回顾1. learning how to repair motors takes a long time, _? a. doesnt it b. dont they c. does it d. do they 2. they must have stayed at home last night, _? a. mustnt they b. havent they c. didnt they d. must they 3. she is unfit for the position, _? a. is she b. isnt she c. doesnt she d. does she 4. she thinks she can get there on time, _she?a. can b. cant c. doesnt d. does5. what beautiful flowers, _? a. arent the