北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解.pdf

中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校 北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解 In the early days of sea travel seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits Many of them died of scurvy a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion On one occasion in 1535 an English ship arrived in Newfound land with its crew desperately ill The men s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba huo jia zi xun qq qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi vegetable leaves to eat Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors diet and Captain Cook on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing These elements are called vitamins Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them A B C D and so on Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins Even a slight lack of Vitamin C for example the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetable is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility to colds and influenza 中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校 The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet including a variety of fruit and green vegetables It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet say during extended periods of religious fasting or when trying to lose weight that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may suffer from beriberi which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice In the early years of this century a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ He was working in a Japanese hospital where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain It was thought this would be easier for weak sick people to digest Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard which were fed on scraps from the patients plates were also showing signs of the disease He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official who decreed that the huskless polished rice even though left over by the patients was too good for chickens It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap coarse rice with the outer covering still on the grain Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet He began to consider the possibility that a lack of some ingredient 中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校 in the husk might be the cause of the disease Indeed this was the case The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B The milled rice though more expansive was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure Nowadays this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins 553 words 36 From the passage what can we learn about Captain Cook A He provided clothes for his sailors to avoid scurvy B He provided money for his sailors to avoid scurvy C He provided fresh fruit for his sailors to avoid scurvy D He provided blood for his sailors to avoid scurvy 37 The word beriberi in paragraph 3 probably means A a germ B a natural phenomenon C an epidemic D a disease 38 In the last paragraph what does sentence Indeed this was the case mean A Really B True C False D Eijkman s considering was proved correct 39 Vitamin B can be got in A rice B rice husks C noodle D grain 40 From the context what do you think perpetuating means A dead B happy C keep fresh D keep alive Text 8 36 C Captain Cook 在长途航行中由于为水手们提供了新鲜的水果以 中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校 防止坏血病 scurvy 这是一道关于细节的问题 答案在第一段的最后一句 Captain Cook on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors 37 D 一种疾病 脚气病 其它选项 A a germ 一种细菌 B a natural phenomenon 一种自然现象 C an epidemic 一种流行病 都不合题意 38 D Eijkman 的想法被证明是正确的 这是一道关于细节的问题 Eijkman 的研究与 Vitamin B 的发现有关必然的联系 Eijkman 通过观察认 为米的外壳中存在着某种成分 这种成分的缺乏可能是导致疾病的原因 最 后一段证明了他的看法是正确的 Indeed this was the case The element needed to prevent b