浙江省高考英语考点突破（一）阅读理解（含解析）.doc

(一)阅读理解passage 1(2013浙江自选模块)阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。our cultural backgrounds influence how we make choices in nearly every area of our lives.from early on,members of individualist societies are taught the special importance of personal choice.as soon as children can talk,or perhaps as soon as they can accurately point,they are asked,“which one of these would you like?”by the age of four,he may well be expected to both understand and respond to the challenging question,“what do you want to be when you grow up?”from this children learn that they should be able to figure out what they like and dislike,what will make them happy and what wont.1.by contrast,members of collectivist societies place greater emphasis on duty.children are often told,“if youre a good child,youll do what your parents tell you.”2. as you grow older,instead of being asked what you want,you may be asked,“how will you take care of your parents needs and wants?how will you make them proud?”it is believed that your parents,and elders in general,will show you the right way to live your life so that you will be protected from a costly mistake.3. get a piece of paper,and on the front write down all the aspects of your life in which you like having choice.on the back,list all the aspects in which you would prefer not to have choice,or to have someone else choose for you.take a few extra minutes to make sure you havent left anything out.when i had 100 american and japanese college students do this exercise,the front sides of the americans pages were often completely filled with answers such as “my job,”“where i live,”and“who i vote for.”in contrast,the backs,without exception,were either completely blank or contained only a single item,most commonly “when i die” or “when my loved ones die.”the japanese showed a very different pattern of results,with not a single one wishing to have choice all or nearly all of the time.4. comparing responses between the two,americans desired personal choice in four times as many domains of life as did the japanese.第一节根据短文内容,从a、b、c、d和e中选出最适合填入短文空白处的选项,并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。选项中有一项是多余选项。a.it is evident from an early age that we absorb different ideas about choice from the world around us.b.lets try an exercise to explore how these different approaches might shape our daily lives.c.because their happiness is on the line,their own opinions truly matter,and they must figure out how to judge the outcomes of their choices.d.in fact,on average they listed twice as many areas in which they did not want choice as compared to areas in which they did.e.from what you eat to what you study,it is what youre supposed to do thats most important.第二节根据短文所给的信息,用一个完整的句子回答下面的问题,并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。5.according to the passage,whats the major difference between the usa and japan in childrens education? passage 2(2012浙江自选模块)阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。some scientists believe that our brains may be hardwired (天生的) in ways that determine how happy we tend to be.dr. richard davidson and his colleagues at the university of wisconsin have found an area in the front part of the brain that controls positive feelings,optimism,and happiness.1. using functional mri brain scans,they found that when mothers viewed photos of their babies,their brain activity increased greatly in this front brain region,as compared with the brain activity of mothers viewing photos of unfamiliar babies.2. for generally cheerful people,happiness is associated with a personality type that emphasizes independence,self-respect,ability,and close relationships.3. although some people seek it through fancy vacations,expensive cars,jewelry,or other material things,the excitement of these quick-fix satisfactions is generally short-lived.sustained (持续的) contentment is more likely to result from healthy relationships and meaningful accomplishments.4. many people who survived the 9/11 disaster but were close enough to experience the destruction first-hand were shocked at the beginning,but they eventually got a clearer idea about what is truly important in their livesfamily,friends and sustaining a purpose in life.through hardship,people often become more aware of their own survival skills,emotional strength,and power to help others as well as to be helped.nobodys life is free of misfortune,but through hardship we can become more aware of little things we often forget to appreciate,and sometimes gain new positive ways of thinking and understandings for the future.dr. ronnie janoff-bulman and colleagues at the university of massachusetts have studied the way extreme life eventsboth positive and negativemay influence an individuals ability to enjoy sustained happiness and satisfaction.they compared the well-being of two groups:lottery winners and people who had suddenly become disabled.though the lottery winners experienced initial excitement following their new wealth,in the long run many were no happier than the accident victims,in part because normal,everyday pleasures now paled next to the thrill of winning the “big one.” in contrast,many of the people who became disabled learned to adjust to their new disabilities,and were eventually better able to appreciate small pleasures and accomplishments,as compared with those who became rich overnight in the study.第一节根据短文内容,从a、b、c、d和e中选出最适合填入短文空白处的选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。a.keeping a positive attitude,like any other skill,can be learned.b.research also shows that joyful individuals share certain characteristics and habits.c.surprisingly,a tragedy or loss can sometimes set individuals on a path to sustained happiness.d.his group studied one of the most powerful positive sets of emotionsa mothers feelings toward her newborn baby.e.fortunately,even if there is some hardwiring that determines how happy we tend to be,much of what determines our happiness is under our own control.第二节根据短文所给的信息,用一个完整的句子回答下面的问题。5.how did dr. ronnie janoff-bulman and his colleagues carry out their research? passage 3阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。(2011浙江自选模块)its a classic imagea child hiding her head in her mothers skirts when she meets a stranger,or a student becoming speechless with a red face when the teacher asks his name.the person must be shy.you may be shy yourself.but shyness isnt that common,right?wrong.1.its just that most people are shy privately.they appear confident on the surface,and in social situations they seem well adjusted.only 15 to 20 percent of us fit the stereotype of the shy personsomeone who is obviously uncomfortable with other people.2.“its a feeling of self-consciousness,”says rita clark,a psychologist.“shy people feel nervous and ill at ease.they may tremble,feel their hearts pounding,and have butterflies in the stomach.they worry about making a bad impression on people.”shyness doesnt necessarily show on the surface.in fact,people sometimes think that shy people are cold and uninterested in other people when really they are just afraid to meet them.you may be surprised to know who is actually very shy.one well-known talk-show host,whose show is watched by millions of viewers,has to plan performances down to the last detailin order to appear easy-going and confident!3.“other privately shypeople include politicians,teachers,and entertainers,”says rita.“these people act outgoing when theyre doing their jobs,but theyre very unconfident socially.youd be amazed how many public figures fit into this type.”where does shyness come from?research shows that some people are born shy.about 20 percent of babies show a strong feeling of unease when they see strangers or find themselves in unfamiliar situations.some scientists feel that such shyness is inborn.“shy parents are more likely to have shy children than outgoing parents,”rita says.“4.we know that japanese students are much shyer than israeli students.”if 15 to 20 percent of shyness is innate,how do other people become shy?children may become shy when they enter school or meet new challenges.adolescents may suffer from an identity crisis and become shy.adults can become shy when confronted by problems like divorce or job loss.whatever the reasons,shy people suffer from teasing and well-meaning comments like,“has the cat got your tongue?”they are often lonely and unhappy in social situations.but scientists say there is hope for shyness.whether you are born shy or made shy,with patience and practice,you will be able to quiet the butterflies in your stomach.第一节根据短文内容,从a、b、c、d和e中选出最适合填入短文空白处的选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。a.what exactly is shyness?b.and shyness can be culturally determined.c.shy people get rejected sometimes in social situations.d.but he seldom meets people socially because he is too shy.e.shyness probably affects 40 to 50 percent of all people in north america.第二节根据短文所给的信息,用一个完整的句子回答下面的问题。5.what does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? passage 4(2010浙江自选模块)阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。almost all americans are involved with sports in some way.they may play volleyball or go swimming or skiing.they may watch football or basketball games on the high school,college,or professional level.in reality,sports have reached a point where they play too large a part in daily life.they take up too much media time,play too large a role in the raising of children,and give too much power and prestige (声望) to athletes.the overemphasis (过度强调) on sports can be seen most obviously in the vast media coverage of athletic events.it seems as if every race,meet,or match is shown on one television channel or another.1.radio offers a complete list of games and a variety of talk shows.furthermore,many daily papers such as usa today are devoting more and more space to sports coverage,often in an attempt to attract more readers.the paper with the biggest sports section is the one people will buy.the way we raise and educate our children also illustrates our sports craziness.as early as six or seven,kids are placed in little leagues,often to play under screaming coaches and pressuring parents.later,in high school,students who are selected by the school and by the community are not those who are best academically(学业上) but those who are best athletically.2.the united states may be the only country in the world where people often think of their colleges as teams first and schools second.the names penn state,notre dame and southern cal mean “sports” to the public.3.for one thing,we reward them with huge salaries.in 1990,for example,baseball players averaged $350,000 a year;the average annual salary in the united states is $18,000.besides their huge salaries,athletes receive the admiration,and sometimes the votes of the public.why are americans so mad about sports?perhaps we like to see the competitiveness we experience in our daily lives acted out on playing fields.perhaps we need heroes who can achieve clear-cut victories in the space of only an hour or two.4.第一节根据短文内容,从a、b、c、d和e中选出最适合填入短文空缺处的选项,选项中有一项是多余选项。a.our sports craziness is especially evident in the prestige given to athletes in the united states.b.kids look up to a michael jordan or a roger clemens as a true hero.c.whatever the reason, the sports scene in this country is more popular than ever.d.and college sometimes seems to be more about sports than about learning.e.in addition,sports news makes up about 30 percent of local news at six and eleven.第二节根据短文所给的信息,用一个完整的句子回答下面的问题。5.what is the main idea of the passage? passage 5阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。(2009浙江自选模块)the final bell rings.its the last day of school,and summer has finally come!students dont have to think about school for another 2 months.that is the way it should always be.schools should continue using the traditional calendar and not a year-round schedule.there are disadvantages of year-round schooling.1.contrary to the well-accepted belief,year-round schooling has no constructive effects on education.most year-round schedules use the 45-15 method;45 days of school followed by 15 days off.2. and the breaks interrupt the learning process.also,there is no evidence of higher test scores.due to that,many schools that change to year-round schedules end up switching back.like any other facility,keeping a school open requires a great deal of money.when a school changes to a year-round schedule,the costs skyrocket.keeping school open in the middle of summer requires air conditioning,and that adds significantly to the schools expenses.3. for example,a high school in arizona had a cost increase of $157,000 when they switched to year-round schooling.some schools may not be able to handle such increases,and other schools that can handle these expenses could be doing better things with the money.an important part of a childs life is summertime.with year-round schedules,students would hardly have any time to relax.4. they would not be able to go to most summer camps.one expert,dr.peter scales,says,“the biggest plus of camp is that camps help young people discover and explore their talents,interests,and values.most schools dont satisfy all these needs.kids who have these kinds of experiences and up being healthier end have fewer problems.”obviously,the summer is very important to a childs learning and development.it is evident that year-round schooling is not the best choice for the school calendar.there is absolutely nothing wrong with the traditional school year.why change something that works so well?the final bell rings.lets make sure this bell means that the “real” summer vacation has come.第一节根据短文内容,从a、b、c、d和e中选出最适合填入短文空缺处的选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。a.besides, teachers must be paid for all the weeks they are working.b.using the traditional calendar does bring a lot of advantages to students.c.because of this, there are many first and last days of school.d.during the 15-day breaks, they would be always thinking about their quick return to school.e.it has no positive effects on education, it adds to costs, and it upsets the long-awaited summer vacation.第二节根据短文所给的信息,用一个完整的句子回答下面的问题。5.what does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? passage 1(2013浙江金华十校高三高考模拟)阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。people elect a mayor to help run a city.the mayor makes sure that a city functions properly.it is not an easy job.a mayor must keep track of all city activities.however, mayors do not work alone.they run the city government with help from city councils.mayors may be “weak” or “strong”.in cities that use a weak-mayor system, the city council has most of the power.the council prepares the city budget.it hires and fires city employees, or workers.under this system, people elect the council members and the leaders of some departments, or city offices.the council also may choose leaders for city departments.a city may have many boards and committees, which are groups that make decisions.each group manages one city department.1.the weak mayor may suggest leaders for city departments.however, the council must approve these suggestions.in most cases, the mayor cannot veto, or override a council decision.2.the mayor chooses the leaders of each department.he or she makes sure that these leaders run their departments efficiently.the elected city council does not have the power to approve the leaders that the mayor chooses.the council cannot veto a decision that the mayor makes.however, the mayor has the right to veto decisions that the council makes.strong mayors check the work of many different city departments.these departments include fire, police, health and transportation.some mayors may check the work of a city-planning department.3.in a large city, such as new york, the mayor may also check the work of other departments.these departments could include culture, prisons, parks, consumer issues, immigration and environment.new yorks mayor also chooses judges for the city courts.the mayor makes sure that the people who break the laws are punished.a strong mayor prepares the city budget.in this sense, the mayor decides how to spend money for city services.citizens know whom to blame if services fail.however, the mayor works with the council to figure out the needs of the city and to complete city projects.4.however, he or she must stay within the law.most cities have a written city charter that explains city laws and tells how the city and its departments should be organized.the charter also explains the duties of the mayor and other officials.第一节根据短文内容,从a、b、c、d、e中选出最适合放入短文空缺处的选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。 a.a strong mayor has a great deal of control over the government of a city.b.such a department prepares city budget.c.although people elect the mayor, he or she has little power.d.in a strong-mayor system, the elected mayor is the citys main executive.e.this department plans the way that the city will grow and develop.第二节根据短文所给的信息回答问题。5.whats the main idea of the passage? passage 2(2013宁波高考模拟测试卷)阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。nearly 80 percent of disease in developing countries is linked to bad water.now a scientist at michigan technological university has developed a simple, cheap way to make water safe to drink, even if its muddy.1. the solar water disinfecti