数学英语词汇表.doc

一般词汇 o 数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) o 公理 axiom o 定理 theorem o 计算 calculation o 运算 operation o 证明 prove o 假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) o 命题 proposition 算术 arithmetic o 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) o 被加数 augend, summand o 加数 addend o 和 sum o 减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) o 被减数 minuend o 减数 subtrahend o 差 remainder o 乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) o 被乘数 multiplicand, faciend o 乘数 multiplicator o 积 product o 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) o 被除数 dividend o 除数 divisor o 商 quotient o 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to o 大于 is greater than o 小于 is lesser than o 大于等于 is equal or greater than o 小于等于 is equal or lesser than o 运算符 operator o 数字 digit o 数 number o 自然数 natural number o 整数 integer o 小数 decimal o 小数点 decimal point o 分数 fraction o 分子 numerator o 分母 denominator o 比 ratio o 正 positive o 负 negative o 零 null, zero, nought, nil o 十进制 decimal system o 二进制 binary system o 十六进制 hexadecimal system o 权 weight, significance o 进位 carry o 截尾 truncation o 四舍五入 round o 下舍入 round down o 上舍入 round up o 有效数字 significant digit o 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra o 公式 formula, formulae(pl.) o 单项式 monomial o 多项式 polynomial, multinomial o 系数 coefficient o 未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor o 等式，方程式 equation o 一次方程 simple equation o 二次方程 quadratic equation o 三次方程 cubic equation o 四次方程 quartic equation o 不等式 inequation o 阶乘 factorial o 对数 logarithm o 指数，幂 exponent o 乘方 power o 二次方，平方 square o 三次方，立方 cube o 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power o n次方 the power of n, the nth power o 开方 evolution, extraction o 二次方根，平方根 square root o 三次方根，立方根 cube root o 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root o n次方根 the root of n, the nth root o 集合 aggregate o 元素 element o 空集 void o 子集 subset o 交集 intersection o 并集 union o 补集 complement o 映射 mapping o 函数 function o 定义域 domain, field of definition o 值域 range o 常量 constant o 变量 variable o 单调性 monotonicity o 奇偶性 parity o 周期性 periodicity o 图象 image o 数列，级数 series o 微积分 calculus o 微分 differential o 导数 derivative o 极限 limit o 无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) o 无穷小 infinitesimal o 积分 integral o 定积分 definite integral o 不定积分 indefinite integral o 有理数 rational number o 无理数 irrational number o 实数 real number o 虚数 imaginary number o 复数 complex number o 矩阵 matrix o 行列式 determinant 几何 geometry o 点 point o 线 line o 面 plane o 体 solid o 线段 segment o 射线 radial o 平行 parallel o 相交 intersect o 角 angle o 角度 degree o 弧度 radian o 锐角 acute angle o 直角 right angle o 钝角 obtuse angle o 平角 straight angle o 周角 perigon o 底 base o 边 side o 高 height o 三角形 triangle o 锐角三角形 acute triangle o 直角三角形 right triangle o 直角边 leg o 斜边 hypotenuse o 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem o 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle o 不等边三角形 scalene triangle o 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle o 等边三角形 equilateral triangle o 四边形 quadrilateral o 平行四边形 parallelogram o 矩形 rectangle o 长 length o 宽 width o 菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond o 正方形 square o 梯形 trapezoid o 直角梯形 right trapezoid o 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid o 五边形 pentagon o 六边形 hexagon o 七边形 heptagon o 八边形 octagon o 九边形 enneagon o 十边形 decagon o 十一边形 hendecagon o 十二边形 dodecagon o 多边形 polygon o 正多边形 equilateral polygon o 圆 circle o 圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE) o 半径 radius o 直径 diameter o 圆周率 pi o 弧 arc o 半圆 semicircle o 扇形 sector o 环 ring o 椭圆 ellipse o 圆周 circumference o 周长 perimeter o 面积 area o 轨迹 locus, loca(pl.) o 相似 similar o 全等 congruent o 四面体 tetrahedron o 五面体 pentahedron o 六面体 hexahedron o 平行六面体 parallelepiped o 立方体 cube o 七面体 heptahedron o 八面体 octahedron o 九面体 enneahedron o 十面体 decahedron o 十一面体 hendecahedron o 十二面体 dodecahedron o 二十面体 icosahedron o 多面体 polyhedron o 棱锥 pyramid o 棱柱 prism o 棱台 frustum of a prism o 旋转 rotation o 轴 axis o 圆锥 cone o 圆柱 cylinder o 圆台 frustum of a cone o 球 sphere o 半球 hemisphere o 底面 undersurface o 表面积 surface area o 体积 volume o 空间 space o 坐标系 coordinates o 坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis o 横坐标 x-coordinate o 纵坐标 y-coordinate o 原点 origin o 双曲线 hyperbola o 抛物线 parabola 三角 trigonometry o 正弦 sine o 余弦 cosine o 正切 tangent o 余切 cotangent o 正割 secant o 余割 cosecant o 反正弦 arc sine o 反余弦 arc cosine o 反正切 arc tangent o 反余切 arc cotangent o 反正割 arc secant o 反余割 arc cosecant o 相位 phase o 周期 period o 振幅 amplitude o 内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) o 外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) o 旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) o 垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) o 重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) o 内切圆 inscribed circle o 外切圆 circumcircle 统计 statistics o 平均数 average o 加权平均数 weighted average o 方差 variance o 标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation o 比例 propotion o 百分比 percent o 百分点 percentage o 百分位数 percentile o 排列 permutation o 组合 combination o 概率，或然率 probability o 分布 distribution o 正态分布 normal distribution o 非正态分布 abnormal distribution o 图表 graph o 条形统计图 bar graph o 柱形统计图 histogram o 折线统计图 broken line graph o 曲线统计图 curve diagram o 扇形统计图 pie diagramEnglishChineseabbreviation简写符号；简写abscissa横坐标absolute complement绝对补集absolute error绝对误差absolute inequality绝不等式absolute maximum绝对极大值absolute minimum绝对极小值absolute monotonic绝对单调absolute value绝对值accelerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation累积accumulative累积的accuracy准确度act on施于action作用; 作用力acute angle锐角acute-angled triangle锐角三角形add加addition加法addition formula加法公式addition law加法定律addition law(of probability)（概率）加法定律additive inverse加法逆元; 加法反元additive property可加性adjacent angle邻角adjacent side邻边adjoint matrix伴随矩阵algebra代数algebraic代数的algebraic equation代数方程algebraic expression代数式algebraic fraction代数分式；代数分数式algebraic inequality代数不等式algebraic number代数数algebraic operation代数运算algebraically closed代数封闭algorithm算法系统; 规则系统alternate angle（交）错角alternate segment内错弓形alternating series交错级数alternative hypothesis择一假设; 备择假设; 另一假设altitude高；高度；顶垂线；高线ambiguous case两义情况；二义情况amount本利和；总数analysis分析；解析analytic geometry解析几何angle角angle at the centre圆心角angle at the circumference圆周角angle between a line and a plane直与平面的交角angle between two planes两平面的交角angle bisection角平分angle bisector角平分线；分角线angle in the alternate segment交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression俯角angle of elevation仰角angle of friction静摩擦角; 极限角angle of greatest slope最大斜率的角angle of inclination倾斜角angle of intersection相交角；交角angle of projection投射角angle of rotation旋转角angle of the sector扇形角angle sum of a triangle三角形内角和angles at a point同顶角angular displacement角移位angular momentum角动量angular motion角运动angular velocity角速度annum(X% per annum)年（年利率X%）anti-clockwise direction逆时针方向；返时针方向anti-clockwise moment逆时针力矩anti-derivative反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm逆对数；反对数anti-symmetric反对称apex顶点approach接近；趋近approximate value近似值approximation近似；略计；逼近Arabic system阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary任意arbitrary constant任意常数arc弧arc length弧长arc-cosine function反余弦函数arc-sin function反正弦函数arc-tangent function反正切函数area面积Argand diagram阿根图, 阿氏图argument(1)论证; (2)辐角argument of a complex number复数的辐角argument of a function函数的自变量arithmetic算术arithmetic mean算术平均；等差中顶；算术中顶arithmetic progression算术级数；等差级数arithmetic sequence等差序列arithmetic series等差级数arm边array数组; 数组arrow前号ascending order递升序ascending powers of XX 的升幂assertion断语; 断定associative law结合律assumed mean假定平均数assumption假定；假设asymmetrical非对称asymptote渐近asymptotic error constant渐近误差常数at rest静止augmented matrix增广矩阵auxiliary angle辅助角auxiliary circle辅助圆auxiliary equation辅助方程average平均；平均数；平均值average speed平均速率axiom公理axiom of existence存在公理axiom of extension延伸公理axiom of inclusion包含公理axiom of pairing配对公理axiom of power幂集公理axiom of specification分类公理axiomatic theory of probability概率公理论axis轴axis of parabola拋物线的轴axis of revolution旋转轴axis of rotation旋转轴axis of symmetry对称轴back substitution回代bar chart棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图base（1）底；（2）基；基数base angle底角base area底面base line底线base number底数；基数base of logarithm对数的底basis基Bayes theorem贝叶斯定理bearing方位（角）；角方向（角）bell-shaped curve钟形图belong to属于Bernoulli distribution伯努利分布Bernoulli trials伯努利试验bias偏差；偏倚biconditional双修件式; 双修件句bijection对射; 双射; 单满射bijective function对射函数; 只射函数billion十亿bimodal distribution双峰分布binary number二进数binary operation二元运算binary scale二进法binary system二进制binomial二项式binomial distribution二项分布binomial expression二项式binomial series二项级数binomial theorem二项式定理bisect平分；等分bisection method分半法；分半方法bisector等分线；平分线Boolean algebra布尔代数boundary condition边界条件boundary line界（线）；边界bounded有界的bounded above有上界的；上有界的bounded below有下界的；下有界的bounded function有界函数bounded sequence有界序列brace大括号bracket括号breadth阔度broken line graph折线图calculation计算calculator计算器；计算器calculus(1) 微积分学; (2) 演算cancel消法；相消canellation law消去律canonical典型; 标准capacity容量cardioid心脏Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标Cartesian equation笛卡儿方程Cartesian plane笛卡儿平面Cartesian product笛卡儿积category类型；范畴catenary悬链Cauchy sequence柯西序列Cauchys principal value柯西主值Cauchy-Schwarz inequality柯西 - 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem中心极限定理central line中线central tendency集中趋centre中心；心centre of a circle圆心centre of gravity重心centre of mass质量中心centrifugal force离心力centripedal acceleration向心加速度centripedal force force向心力centroid形心；距心certain event必然事件chain rule链式法则chance机会change of axes坐标轴的变换change of base基的变换change of coordinates坐标轴的变换change of subject主项变换change of variable换元；变量的换characteristic equation特征(征)方程characteristic function特征(征)函数characteristic of logarithm对数的首数; 对数的定位部characteristic root特征(征)根chart图；图表check digit检验数位checking验算chord弦chord of contact切点弦circle圆circular圆形；圆的circular function圆函数；三角函数circular measure弧度法circular motion圆周运动circular permutation环形排列; 圆形排列; 循环排列circumcentre外心；外接圆心circumcircle外接圆circumference圆周circumradius外接圆半径circumscribed circle外接圆cissoid蔓叶class区；组；类class boundary组界class interval组区间；组距class limit组限；区限class mark组中点；区中点classical theory of probability古典概率论classification分类clnometer测斜仪clockwise direction顺时针方向clockwise moment顺时针力矩closed convex region闭凸区域closed interval闭区间coaxial共轴coaxial circles共轴圆coaxial system共轴系coded data编码数据coding method编码法co-domain上域coefficient系数coefficient of friction摩擦系数coefficient of restitution碰撞系数; 恢复系数coefficient of variation变差系数cofactor余因子; 余因式cofactor matrix列矩阵coincide迭合；重合collection of terms并项collinear共线collinear planes共线面collision碰撞column(1)列；纵行；(2) 柱column matrix列矩阵column vector列向量combination组合common chord公弦common denominator同分母；公分母common difference公差common divisor公约数；公约common factor公因子；公因子common logarithm常用对数common multiple公位数；公倍common ratio公比common tangent公切commutative law交换律comparable可比较的compass罗盘compass bearing罗盘方位角compasses圆规compasses construction圆规作图compatible可相容的complement余；补余complement law补余律complementary angle余角complementary equation补充方程complementary event互补事件complementary function余函数complementary probability互补概率complete oscillation全振动completing the square配方complex conjugate复共轭complex number复数complex unmber plane复数平面complex root复数根component分量component of force分力composite function复合函数; 合成函数composite number复合数；合成数composition of mappings映射构合composition of relations复合关系compound angle复角compound angle formula复角公式compound bar chart综合棒形图compound discount复折扣compound interest复利；复利息compound probability合成概率compound statement复合命题; 复合叙述computation计算computer计算机；电子计算器concave凹concave downward凹向下的concave polygon凹多边形concave upward凹向上的concentric circles同心圆concept概念conclusion结论concurrent共点concyclic共圆concyclic points共圆点condition条件conditional条件句；条件式conditional identity条件恒等式conditional inequality条件不等式conditional probability条件概率cone锥；圆锥（体）confidence coefficient置信系数confidence interval置信区间confidence level置信水平confidence limit置信极限confocal section共焦圆锥曲congruence(1)全等；(2)同余congruence class同余类congruent全等congruent figures全等图形congruent triangles全等三角形conic二次曲; 圆锥曲conic section二次曲; 圆锥曲conical pendulum圆锥摆conjecture猜想conjugate共轭conjugate axis共轭conjugate diameters共轭轴conjugate hyperbola共轭(直)径conjugate imaginary / complex number共轭双曲conjugate radical共轭虚/复数conjugate surd共轭根式; 共轭不尽根conjunction合取connective连词connector box捙接框consecutive integers连续整数consecutive numbers连续数；相邻数consequence结论；推论consequent条件；后项conservation of energy能量守恒conservation of momentum动量守恒conserved守恒consistency condition相容条件consistent一贯的；相容的consistent estimator相容估计量constant常数constant acceleration恒加速度constant force恒力constant of integration积分常数constant speed恒速率constant term常项constant velocity怛速度constraint约束；约束条件construct作construction作图construction of equation方程的设立continued proportion连比例continued ratio连比continuity连续性continuity correction连续校正continuous连续的continuous data连续数据continuous function连续函数continuous proportion连续比例continuous random variable连续随机变量contradiction矛盾converge收敛convergence收敛性convergent收敛的convergent iteration收敛的迭代convergent sequence收敛序列convergent series收敛级数converse逆(定理)converse of a relation逆关系converse theorem逆定理conversion转换convex凸convex polygon凸多边形convexity凸性coordinate坐标coordinate geometry解析几何；坐标几何coordinate system坐标系系定理；系；推论coplanar共面coplanar forces共面力coplanar lines共面co-prime互质; 互素corollary系定理; 系; 推论correct to准确至；取值至correlation相关correlation coefficient相关系数correspondence对应corresponding angles(1)同位角；(2)对应角corresponding element对应边corresponding sides对应边cosecant余割cosine余弦cosine formula余弦公式cost price成本cotangent余切countable可数countable set可数集countably infinite可数无限counter clockwise direction逆时针方向；返时针方向counter example反例counting数数；计数couple力偶Carmers rule克莱玛法则criterion准则critical point临界点critical region临界域cirtical value临界值cross-multiplication交叉相乘cross-section横切面；横截面；截痕cube正方体；立方；立方体cube root立方根cubic三次方；立方；三次(的)cubic equation三次方程cubic roots of unity单位的立方根cuboid长方体；矩体cumulative累积的cumulative distribution function累积分布函数cumulative frequecy累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve累积频数曲cumulative frequcncy distribution累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon累积频数多边形；累积频率直方图curvature of a curve曲线的曲率curve曲线curve sketching曲线描绘(法)curve tracing曲线描迹(法)curved line曲线curved surface曲面curved surface area曲面面积cyclic expression输换式cyclic permutation圆形排列cyclic quadrilateral圆内接四边形cycloid旋输线; 摆线cylinder柱；圆柱体cylindrical圆柱形的damped oscillation阻尼振动data数据De Moivres theorem棣美弗定理De Morgans law德摩根律decagon十边形decay衰变decay factor衰变因子decelerate减速decelaration减速度decile十分位数decimal小数decimal place小数位decimal point小数点decimal system十进制decision box判定框declarative sentence说明语句declarative statement说明命题decoding译码decrease递减decreasing function递减函数；下降函数decreasing sequence递减序列；下降序列decreasing series递减级数；下降级数decrement减量deduce演绎deduction推论deductive reasoning演绎推理definite确定的；定的definite integral定积分definition定义degenerated conic section降级锥曲线degree(1) 度; (2) 次degree of a polynomial多项式的次数degree of accuracy准确度degree of confidence置信度degree of freedom自由度degree of ODE常微分方程次数degree of precision精确度delete删除; 删去denary number十进数denominator分母dependence(1)相关; (2)应变dependent event(s)相关事件; 相依事件; 从属事件dependent variable应变量; 应变数depreciation折旧derivable可导derivative导数derived curve导函数曲线derived function导函数derived statistics推算统计资料; 派生统计资料descending order递降序descending powers of xx的降序descriptive statistics描述统计学detached coefficients分离系数(法)determinant行列式deviation偏差; 变差deviation from the mean离均差diagonal对角线diagonal matrix对角矩阵diagram图; 图表diameter直径diameter of a conic二次曲线的直径difference差difference equation差分方程difference of sets差集differentiable可微differential微分differential coefficient微商; 微分系数differential equation微分方程differential mean value theorem微分中值定理differentiate求.的导数differentiate from first principle从基本原理求导数differentiation微分法digit数字dimension量; 量网; 维(数)direct impact直接碰撞direct image直接像direct proportion正比例direct tax, direct taxation直接税direct variation正变(分)directed angle有向角directed line有向直线directed line segment有向线段directed number有向数direction方向; 方位direction angle方向角direction cosine方向余弦direction number方向数direction ratio方向比directrix准线Dirichlet function狄利克来函数discontinuity不连续性discontinuous间断(的);连续(的); 不连续(的)discontinuous point不连续点discount折扣discrete分立; 离散discrete data离散数据; 间断数据discrete random variable间断随机变数discrete uniform distribution离散均匀分布discriminant判别式disjoint不相交的disjoint sets不相交的集disjunction析取dispersion离差displacement位移disprove反证distance距离distance formula距离公式distinct roots相异根distincr solution相异解distribution公布distributive law分配律diverge发散divergence发散(性)divergent发散的divergent iteration发散性迭代divergent sequence发散序列divergent serie